人类必需营养素
营养素是指食物中可给人体提供能量、构成机体和组织修复以及具有生理调节功能的化学成分。本站小编为大家整理了人类必需营养素，希望对你有帮助哦!
A. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the chief source of energy, containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It functions physically to provide energy, maintain regular activities of the heart and neurologic systems, protect liver from toxification and prevent ketosis.
A. 碳水化合物
碳水化合物是能量的主要来源，含有碳、氢、和氧等物质。其重要生理功能为供给热能、维持心脏和神经系统的正常活动、保肝解毒、预防酮病。
Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and cellulose. Simple sugars such as fruit sugar are easily digested. Starches are more complex and require more sophisticated enzyme processes to be reduced to glucose. Glucose is converted sugar or starch and appears in the body as blood sugar. Some glucose is processed by the liver, converted to glycogen, and stored by the liver for later use.
碳水化合物包括糖、淀粉和纤维素。单糖，如水果糖，易于消化;淀粉较为复杂，它通过酶解还原为葡萄糖;葡萄糖是糖或淀粉的转化物，在机体内则为血糖。有些葡萄糖经肝脏处理转化为肝糖并得以贮存备用。
B. Fats
Fats or lipids are the second important nutrients next to carbohydrates. Fatty acids are the basic components of fat and can mainly be grouped into two: saturated fatty acids usually from animal sources and unsaturated fatty acids primarily from vegetables, nuts, or seed sources.
B. 脂肪
脂肪又叫脂质，它仅次于碳水化合物的第二大营养素。脂肪酸是脂肪的基本成份，它可以分成两大类：来源于动物的饱和脂肪酸和来源于植物、坚果或种子的不饱和脂肪酸。
C. Proteins
Proteins are complex organic compounds. They are digested and broken down to form 22 amino acids. Proteins are critical to all aspects of growth and development of body tissues and necessary for the building of muscles, blood, skin, internal organs, hormones, and enzymes. Protein is also a sources of energy. When there is insufficient carbohydrate or fat in the body, protein is burned to provide energy.
C. 蛋白质
蛋白质属于复合有机物，经消化分解，蛋白质可以生产出22种氨基酸。蛋白质对机体组织的生长发育至关重要，也是构建肌肉、血液、皮肤、内脏、激素和酶的必需物质。蛋白质也是热能来源，当体内碳水化合物或脂肪不足时，就会通过燃烧蛋白质来获取热能。
D. Vitamins
Vitamins are found only in living things. They usually cannot be synthesized by the human body. Vitamins can be grouped according to the substance in which they are soluble: fat-soluble and water-soluble. Vitamins A, D, E, and E are all fat-soluble while B-complex vitamins, vitamin C and the bioflavonoids water-soluble. Vitamins have no caloric value, but they are as necessary to the body as any other basic nutrients.
D. 维生素
维生素只存在于生命物体，通常不能由人体合成。按维生素的溶解环境，维生素可以分为两大类：脂溶性和水溶性。维生素A、D、E和K为脂溶性维生素，B族维生素及维生素C和生物素属于水溶维生素。维生素不提供热量，但机体的重要性并不亚于其它基本营养素。
E. Water
Water is not specifically a nutrient. But it is essential for survival. Water is involved in every body process from digestion and absorption to excretion. It is a major portion of circulation and is the transporter of nutrients throughout the body.
E. 水
水并不是营养素，但水对生存必不可少。水参与了机体从消化吸收到排泄的全过程，是体内循环的重要组成部分和体内营养素的运送者。
F. Minerals
Minerals form 60 –90 percent of all inorganic material in the body. They are found in bones, teeth, soft tissue, muscle, blood, and nerve cells and essential for metabolic processes. Minerals are grouped according to the amount found in the body: major minerals and trace minerals. The former includes sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous and chlorine, all of which have a known function in the body. The latter includes iron, iodine, zinc, manganese, and copper. Their function in the body remains unclear.
F. 矿物质
矿物质占体内无机材料的60-90%，骨、齿、软组织、肌肉、血液、及神经细胞中都有矿物质，它是代谢过程的重要元素。根据体内数量，矿物质可分为两类：常量矿物质和微量元数。前者如钠、钾、钙、镁、磷和氯等，其在机体内的作用从所共知;后者如铁，碘、锌、锰和铜等，对人体的作用尚不明了。
