医学英语常识

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医学英语常识：前列腺常识

The prostate is a gland, weighing 25 gram, below the bladder. Because it is situated around the urethra (bladder pipe), enlargement causes obstruction in urethra. Enlargement occurs naturally with age, and might be accompanied by cancerous change.

Symptoms are usually slow in onset, starting with dribbling, getting up at night, weak stream, urgency and hesitancy. The symptoms tend to get worse progressively, and might culminate in retention.

After the age of 45, men should have their prostates checked annually, including blood tests and a rectal examination.

前列腺是一个重25克的腺体，位于膀胱下方。由于它位于尿道(通向膀胱的管道)周围，它增大时可引起尿道阻塞。前列腺会随着年龄增大，也会癌变。

初发病时症状轻微，有夜间滴白，射尿无力，尿急，排尿踌躇。症状逐渐加重，重者可引起尿潴留。

45岁以上的男性每年应检查一次前列腺，包括血液检查和直肠检查。

　医学英语常识：肝脏常识

The liver is the largest gland in the body (approximately 1500 grams) and is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. It is glossy in appearance and dark red in color from the rich supply of blood flowing through it. Approximately 25% of the cardiac output flows to the liver. It performs many important functions:

(1) the uptake, storage, and disposal of nutrients (protein, carbohydrates and fat), drugs, toxins and (2)the production of synthetic proteins (critical for blood clotting) and metabolism of substances produced by the body.

肝脏是人体最大的腺体(重约1500克)，它位于右上腹部。肝脏表面光滑，因血液供应丰富而呈暗红色。大约25%的心输出量流向肝脏。肝脏有许多重要的功能：

(1)营养物(蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪)、药物和毒素的摄取、储存和代谢。(2)合成蛋白(危急时的血凝块)的产生和机体物质的代谢。

　医学英语常识：简单肝脏解剖学

he anterior surface of the liver is triangular in shape, made of two lobes. The right lobe is the larger of the two, measuring 6 to 7 inches in length. The left lobe is 3 inches in length.

Ligaments connect the upper surface of the liver to the diaphragm and the abdominal wall and the under surface to the stomach and duodenum. The gall bladder is located on the under surface of the right lobe of the liver. Neighboring organs include the colon, the intestines, and the right kidney.

肝脏解剖学

肝的前面是三角形，由两个叶组成。右叶较大，长6-7英寸。左叶长3英寸。

肝的上面由韧带连接着膈肌和腹壁，下面连接着胃和十二指肠。胆囊位于肝右叶的下方。它的邻近器官是结肠、小肠和右肾。