高中英语动词的形式和种类的考点

在英语的学习中，学生需要学习的词语的种类比较的多，下面本站的小编将为大家带来高中英语的动词的形式和种类的介绍，希望能够帮助到大家。

　　高中英语动词的形式和种类的介绍

常见考法：

1.系动词和实义动词的辨析;

2.动词的各种时态的辨析;

3.没有被动的某些不及物动词或者不及物动词词组;

4.区分谓语动词和非谓语动词;

5.情态动词的含义辨析;

6. 动词短语辨析。

英语动词的分类及基本形式

动词的分类

表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类，有些动词是兼类词。如：

We have lunch at 12. 我们12点吃午饭。(have是行为动词)

We have been to New York. 我们去过纽约。(have是助动词)

W I am hungry. 我饿了。(am是连系动词)

She was beaten on the way home. 她在回家的路上被人打了。(was是助动词)

You neednt have waited for me. 你本来不必等我。(need是情态动词)

The door needs painting. 这个门需要油漆了。(needs及物动词)

动词的基本形式

绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。

A. 第三人称单数形式的构成

一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同：

1. 一般情况下只在动词后加s，如work—works, write—writes。

2. 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词，后加es，如guess—guesses, mix—mix, finish—finishes, catch—catches。

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为ies，如study—studies。

注：不规则变化的有have—has, be—is, go—goes, do—does等。

B. 现在分词的构成

1. 一般情况下在动词后加ing，如study—studying, work—working。

2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e再加ing，如write—writing, move—moving。

3. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾一个辅音字母，再加ing，如get—getting, begin—beginning。

4. 以ie结尾的名词，一般将ie改为y，再加ing，如lie—lying, die—dying, tie—tying。

注：(A) 以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l，如control—controlling;尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel—traveling(美) /travelling(英) 。(B) 特例：picnic—picnicking。

C. 过去式和过去分词的构成

1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked。

2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced。

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为ied，如try—tried, study—studied。

4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，先双末尾一个字母，再加ed，如stop—stopped, permit—permitted。

注：(A) 以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l，如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美) /traveled(英) 。(B) 特例：picnic—picnicked。另外，还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的，需要熟记。

知识点总结

类 别	意义	例 句
实义动词	含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。	Shehassome bananas. Theyeata lot of potatoes.
连系动词	本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语。	His fatherisa teacher. Twins usuallylookthe same. The teacherbecamevery angry.
助动词	本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。	Hedoesn’t speak English. Weare playing basketball. Doyou have a brother?
情态动词	本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。	Youcankeep the books for two weeks. MayI smoke here? Wemust go now.

重要注解：

(1) 关于实义动词：

① 英语的实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词两大类：

后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的叫及物动词;本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语的叫不及物动词。

② 有些动词通常只作不及物动词。如：go, come, happen, lie, listen, rise, arrive等。

有些动词通常用作及物动词。如：say, raise, lay, find, buy等。

③ 大多数动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如：study, sing等。

④ 有些动词作及物动词与作不及物动词时的意义有所不同。如：know, wash等。

⑤ 有些动词常和介词、副词或其它词类一起构成固定词组,形成短语动词。如：listen, reply, wait, look.

(2) 关于连系动词：

①连系动词用来连接主语和表语,连系动词后面常为形容词。

②常见的连系动词有：be、become、look、feel、sound、smell、taste、seem、turn、grow、get、go、fall、sit、stand、lie 等。

③有些连系动词来源于实义动词,意思也跟着变化：look(看→看起来)、feel(感觉、摸→感到)、 smell(闻、嗅→闻起来)、taste(尝→尝起来)、turn(翻转、转动→变得)、grow(生长→变得)、get(得到、到达→变得)、go(去→变得),所不同的是,作为实义动词时,后面不能跟形容词。

(3) 关于助动词：

①常见的助动词有：

用于进行时和被动语态的be (am, is, are ,was, were, been, being ) ;

用于完成时的have(has, had, having) ;

用于将来时的shall (should) ; will (would)

用于一般时的do(does, did) .

②助动词必须同主语的人称和数一致,也就是说因主语人称、数的不同而采用不同的形式,其中有些助动词也可作情态动词。如：shall, will, should, would.

(4) 关于情态动词：

2、动词词形变化一览表：

(1)规则动词变化表：

规 则变 化	原形动词结尾情况	现在时单三人称	现在分词/动名词	过去式和过去分词
	一般情况	+s	+ing	+ed
	s,x,ch,sh,o结尾	+es	+ing	+ed
	辅音字母+y结尾	y→i,+es	+ing	y→i,+ed
	重读闭音节一元一辅结尾	+s	双写辅音字母,+ing	双写辅音字母,+ed
	不发音的e结尾	+s	去掉e,+ing	+d
	ie结尾	+s	ie→y,+ing	+d
不规则变化		have→has；be→is	(无)	(见不规则动词变化表)

(2)不规则动词变化表：( 原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词)

be(am,is)	was	been		lose		lost	lost
be(are)	were	been		make		made	made
beat	beat	beaten		may		might
become	became	become		mean		meant	meant
begin	began	begun		meet		met	met
blow	blew	blown		mistake		mistook	mistaken
break	broke	broken		must		must
bring	brought	brought		pay		paid	paid
build	built	built		put		put	put
buy	bought	bought		read		read	Read
can	could			ride		rode	ridden
catch	caught	caught		ring		rang	rung
choose	chose	chosen		rise		rose	risen
come	came	come		run		ran	run
cost	cost	cost		say		said	said
cut	cut	cut		see		saw	seen
dig	dug	dug		sell		sold	sold
do	did	done		send		sent	sent
draw	drew	drawn		set		set	set
drink	drank	drunk		shall		should
drive	drove	driven		shine	shone		shone
eat	ate	eaten		show	showed		shown
fall	fell	fallen		shut	shut		shut
feel	felt	felt		sing	sang		sung
find	found	found		sink	sank/sunk		sunk/sunken
fly	flew	flown		sit	set		set
forget	forgot	forgot/forgotten		sleep	slept		slept
freeze	froze	frozen		smell	smelt		smelt
get	got	got		speak	spoke		spoken
give	gave	given		spend	spent		spent
go	went	gone		spill	spilt		spilt
grow	grew	grown		spoil	spoilt		spoilt
hang	hung/hanged	hung/hanged		stand	stood		stood
have(has)	had	had		sweep	swept		swept
hear	heard	heard		swim	swam		swum
hide	hid	hidden		take	took		taken
hit	hit	hit		teach	taught		taught
hold	held	held		tell	told		told
hurt	hurt	hurt		think	thought		thought
keep	kept	kept		throw	threw		thrown
know	knew	known		understand	understood		understood
lay	laid	laid		wake	woke/waked		woken/waked
learn	learnt/learned	learnt/learned		wear	wore		worn
leave	left	left		will	would
lend	lent	lent		win	won		won
let	let	let		write	wrote		witten
lie	lay	lain

3、be(“是/存在”)动词的各种时态变化：

一 般 现 在 时	一 般 将 来 时	现 在 完 成 时
I am…. You are.… He/She/It is…. We/You/They are….	(I等各人称) will be…. I am He/She/It is going to be… We/You/They are	I have been…. You have been…. She/he/It has been…. We/You/They have been….
一 般 过 去 时	过 去 将 来 时	过 去 完 成 时
I was…. You were.… He/She/It was…. We/You/They were….	(I等各人称) would be…. I was He/She/It was going to be… We/You/They were	I had been…. You had been…. She/he/It had been…. We/You/They had been….

注意：句型变化时,

否定句在am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为n’t (am后面not不可以缩写);

疑问句将am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。

4、其它谓语动词(主动语态)的时态变化一览表：

现在 时态	一 般 现 在 时	现 在 进 行 时	一 般 将 来 时	现 在 完 成 时
谓语动词构成	动词用原形(单三加s / es) (问句和否定句借用助词do / does)	am is+动词-ing are	will + 动词原形 am is +going to+动词原形 are	have +过去分词 has
过去时态	一 般 过 去 时	过 去 进 行 时	过 去 将 来 时	过 去 完 成 时
谓语动词构成	动词用过去式 (问句和否定句借用助词did)	was +动词-ing were	would + 动词原形 was+going to+动词原形 were	had +过去分词

注：动词的非谓语形式及用法见非谓语动词专项讲解。

误区提醒

动词的种类和形式要结合动词的时态、语态等来学习，掌握好动词的分类和形式，是学好时态和语态的基础，撇开动词分类及基础知识去学其他内容，是舍本求末的做法，只有基础扎实了，才能高屋建瓴，彻底弄清楚跟动词有关的其他内容，打赢英语学习当中的攻坚战!

点击下页查看更多高中英语的倒装句的结构和用法3　　高中英语的倒装句的结构和用法

1完全倒装结构及用法

一、具有“地点”意义的副词、时间意义的副词，以及能表移动方向的副词放在句首，句子的主语是名词，谓语是连系动词或表示“位置移动”的单个不及物动词时，该动词放在主语前面。如：There goes the bell.

注意：当主语是人称代词时，尽管副词在句首，主谓不倒装。如：Out they rushed.

二、具有“方位”意义的介词短语或副词短语在句中作状语或表语放在句首，谓语是连系动词be，以及表示“位于、存在”或“位置移动”的单个不及物动词时，该动词放在主语前面。如：Among the hens is a big cock.

三、作表语的形容词或分词放在句首时，连系动词放在主语前面[英语语法]。如：Present at the party were the ladies in the big city.

四、全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。全部倒装常见结构有：

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

There goes the bell.

Then came the chairman.

Here is your letter.

2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

Ahead sat an old woman.

注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

Here he comes. Away they went.

2部分倒装结构及用法

把谓语的助动词、情态动词放在主语前面为部分倒装。在下列情形中出现部分倒装。

一、把“so ... that ...”句型中的“so + 形容词 / 副词”部分放在句首时，be动词或助动词放在主语前面。如：

So frightened was the girl that she daren't move an inch further.

二、用so，neither或nor构成的特殊句型，表示另一人或物也具有和前面提到的同样情况时，出现部分倒装。如：

Jim asked the question. So did Lily.

三、把具有“否定”意义的词语放在句首时，出现部分倒装。如：

Never shall I forget your advice.

四、注意下面几种情形的倒装：

1. “only + 状语从句”和“not until + 从句”位于句首时，在主句中进行倒装。如：

Not until the child slept did the mother leave the room.

2. “not also...”连接两个分句，not only位于句首时，倒装在not only所在分句进行。如：

Not only were the children moved but also the adults showed their pity.

3. “no ...”句型中的no sooner位于句首时，倒装在no sooner 主句中进行;“hardly / ...”句型中的hardly位于句首时，倒装在hardly / scarcely主句中进行。如：

No sooner had I gone in the house than it began to rain.

4. 当if引导从句表示虚拟语气时，if可省，再把从句中的were，had或should放在主语前面，形成部分倒装。如：

Had we been present, such a thing would not have happened.

5. 当as引导让步状语从句时，参照下面的形式进行特殊倒装。如：

Proud as these women are, they still look very weak. (作表语的形容词提前)

Student as he is, he often works in the factory. (作表语的名词提前，同时省去不定冠词a)

Hard as she worked, she couldn't support her family. (修饰谓语动词的副词提前)

Try as he would, he might fail again. (带助动词的谓语动词提前)

五、部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…,not only…(but also), hardly/scarcely…(when), no sooner…( than) 等。

Never have I seen such a performance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

2) so, either, nor作部分倒装

Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

If you won''t go, neither will I.

3) only在句首要倒装的情况

Only in this way, can you learn English well.

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

4) as, though引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

Young boy as he is, he knows a lot about basketball teams.

Hard as it was, they reached the peak of the mountain.

5) 其他部分倒装

1)so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：

May you all be happy.

3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。

Were I you, I would try it again.

常见考法 1. not until 引导时间状语(从句)时的倒装;

2. 含so 的句子倒装与不倒装的区别;

3. only引导状语或状语从句时的倒装;

4. 虚拟条件句省略If时的倒装。

误区提醒1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is

A. man did know B. man knew C. didn''t man know D. did man know

解析：答案为D.否定词not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。

2) Do you know Tom bought a new car?

I don''t know, ___.

A. nor don''t I care B. nor do I care

C. I don''t care, neither D. I don''t care also

解析：答案为B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

3) --- You forgot your purse when you went out. --- Good heavens, ____ .

A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did

解析：错选A。 本题空处不表跟前面情况一样，只是对上述情况的随声附和，所以不用倒装。正确答案B。

4)Only when the war was over ____ to hometown.

A. did the soldier return B. the soldier returned

C. returned the soldier D. the soldier did return

解析：only 引导状语或状语从句时主句要用部分倒装。此题为一般过去时，须在主语前加did, 故正确答案为A。

5) ____ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to see films so often.

A. If it is not B Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not

解析：错选A。此题关键是前后时态要呼应。本题是一个虚拟条件句，根据主句的时态，应该是对过去情况的虚拟，所以往前推一个时态的话，应该是过去完成时。故正确答案为C。

---

猜你感兴趣：

1.高中英语知识点归纳

2.高二英语必背知识点重点归纳

3.高二英语语法知识点归纳

4.高中英语知识点归纳

5.高一英语语法知识点总结