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如何快速简短地回答一个英文问题?也许你需要“P R E”!

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首先,请大家试着用3-5句快速回答下列问题(下列题目均选自iSpeak爱口语App大学英语四级和六级口语模拟题):

如何快速简短地回答一个英文问题?也许你需要“P R E”!

1. Which Chinese dish do you like best? Why?

 

2. What type of family do you prefer, the big family or the small one? And why?

 

3. Do you think it's easy to get along well with all the people around you? Why?

 

看到上面的三个问题,很多同学顿觉头疼脑热,无从下手,其实,大家离答案只有三个字母的距离,

也就是 “三字母回答策略”,这就是“P-R-E”法。

“P-R-E”法解读

其实,“P-R-E”分别代表的是 point, reason,elaboration

这三个单词看起来并不稀奇,绝大部分同学都认识,但是具体如何将它应用于简短问答环节呢?我们来看一个例子(下列题目均选自iSpeak爱口语App大学英语四级和六级口语模拟题):

Question: What type of family do you prefer, the big family or the small one? And why?

这里分为两问:第一问为封闭式提问,第二问为开放式提问。第一问我们的回答策略是牢牢抓住字母 P,即亮出自己的 point。而第二问则需要字母 R 和 E 来帮忙,即先说明 reason,然后对原因进行一个 elaboration。接下来我分别举例说明两问的回答策略。

第一问封闭式提问的特点是问题具体、明确、范围狭窄,通常为一般疑问句或者以 what、which 引导的特殊疑问句。如果问题是一般疑问句,我们的 point 就是肯定或否定的回答(yes/no)。

比如:

- Do you think the examination in China is too competitive?

- Yes. The examination is quite competitive from a student's point of view.

如果问题是以 what、which 引导的特殊疑问句,我们的 point 就是直截了当地回答出问题的重点,用什么提问就用什么回答。

比如:

- What is your favorite sport?

- My favorite sport is tennis.

所以回到最初的问题上来,“What type of family do you prefer, the big family or the small one?” 这一个问句其实已经告诉我们回答的范围,其功效相当于以 which 引导的问句,所以我们的回答可以是 “I prefer the big one” 或者 “I prefer the small one”。

第二问开放式提问的特点是对回答的内容不进行严格的限制,让回答者有充分的发挥空间,对答案进行详细的阐述。开放式提问大部分以 why 来引导,所以我们的回答就应该先说出 reason。

比如:

- Why do you join the reading club on campus?

- Because I like the salons that the reading club holds each week.

但是当被问到为什么要加入读书俱乐部时,如果仅仅一句“因为我喜欢阅读俱乐部每周举办的沙龙”便戛然而止,显然信息量太小,不能提供给提问者足够多的内容。所以我们还需要 elaboration,即对原因进行进一步的详细阐述。详细阐述可以理解为提问者多问了一个 why,也就是在我们回答了 “Because I like the salons that the reading club holds each week” 之后,提问者又问了一句 “Why do you like the salons?”,这个时候就可以进一步回答“These salons provide us with opportunities to participate in different book sharing activities.”。

上述例子是一个较为简单的问题,我们用一组“R-E”即可应对。但有时候问题往往较为复杂,比如为什么我们爱自己的父母,这种问题显然有多方面的原因。所以,应对复杂问题,我们往往需要多组“R-E”。并且,为了使回答的条理更加清晰,每组“R-E”之间还需要使用连接词或词组。

比如:

- Why do you like traveling by air?

- Because it's time-saving and convenient. It would only take two hours to fly to Hainan instead of 20 hours if you go by train. Meanwhile, the elegant air is the safest way of transportation according to some statistics.

上述回答中,“Because…by train”为第一组“R-E”,从“Meanwhile”开始则为第二个P。当我们的回答中包含多个原因时,至少保证第一个原因有详细阐述就可以了。

回头再看最初的问题,对于“Why do you prefer the big family?”这个较为简单的问题,我们可以用一组“R-E”来回答:

“Because I am the only child in my family. Both of my grandparents are very happy to stay with us. I don't want to let them down.”

常用连接词/词组

First… Then… In addition… In a word

To start with I'll… Then I'll… In conclusion

On the one hand… On the other hand…

For one thing…, for another thing…

What's More/ Moreover

Besides/In addition/Meanwhile

Not only…But also

大学英语四六级口试

以上“P-R-E”法的详解,可直接作为备考大学英语四六级口试“简短问答”环节的备考策略。

大学英语四级口试的“简短问答”环节紧跟“短文朗读环节”,此部分要求考生回答考官提出的两个问题。第一个问题与朗读短文的内容相关,第二个问题与朗读短文的主题相关。每题的答题时间为20秒。

大学英语六级口试的“简短问答”环节紧跟“自我介绍环节”,此部分要求考生根据考官的指令和提问回答一个问题,两位考生依次进行,每位考生有30秒的时间完成答题。

 

实战演练:

大家可尝试用下面的题来实践一下“P-R-E法”(下题选自iSpeak爱口语App六级模拟题)。

Question: I'd like to ask you a question. What do you love to read? Why?

参考答案: Well, I love to read fashion magazines most. Firstly, they can relieve my pressure and help me relax. The clothes and accessories displayed in the magazines are totally eye-candy. More importantly, as a fashion design major, I can also use them as a learning tool. They not only keep me informed about the current fashion trends but also offer me inspiration for my work.

 

参考答案解析:

“Well, I love to read fashion magazines most.”这句为point,回答了第一问。What提问就用具体某一种类的书fashion magazines来回答,简明扼要。

“Firstly, they can relieve my pressure and help me relax.”为第二问的第一个reason,支撑了我喜欢读时尚杂志这个point。

“The clothes and accessories displayed in the magazines are totally eye candy.”为第一个 reason 的 elaboration。

“More importantly, as a fashion design major, I can also use them as a learning tool.”为我喜欢读时尚杂志的第二个 reason。其中 “more importantly”为连接词,使整个回答层次分明有逻辑。

“They not only keep me informed about the current fashion trends but also offer me inspiration for my work.”为第二个 point 的 elaboration,具体说明了时尚杂志是怎样成为我学习的工具。

学习就是要趁热打铁!今天学会的“P-R-E”法赶快到 iSpeak 爱口语App上去实践吧!(下载地址请看原文链接)

欢迎大家来iSpeak群(见文末二维码),与我或其他口语达人互动对练!

 

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