英语音标发音表读法讲解

元音字母

读音

例词

a

在开音节中

[ei]

name plane Jane baby cake

在闭音节中

[?]

bag dad hat map black back

e

在开音节中

[i:]

he these me Chinese

在闭音节中

[e]

bed let pen desk yes egg

i

在开音节中

[ai]

bike fly drive time nice kite

在闭音节中

[i]

fish big drink sit milk swim

o

在开音节中

[ou]

those close go hoe home no

在闭音节中

[]

clock not box shop sock

u

在开音节中

[ju:]

student excuse duty Tuesday

在闭音节中

[]

bus cup jump much lunch

在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super

元音字母

读音

例词

a

[]

Chinaanother woman breakfast

[i]

orange comrade village cabbage

e

[]

hundred student open weekend

[i]

chicken pocket begin children

i

[]/[i]

holiday beautiful family animal

[ai]

exercise satellite

o

[]

second tonight somebody welcome

[u]

alsozerophoto

u

[]

autumn diffcult

[ju:]

popular congratulation January

1动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate2u处在开音节位置，

又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue

元音字母

读音

例词

a在[w]音后面

[]

want what watch wash quality

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前

[α:]

after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

i在-nd -ld和gh前

[ai]

find child light high

o在-st -ld前

[ou]

most postcard old cold

o在m n v th前

[]

come monkey love mother

元音字组

读音

例词

ar
ar在[w]音后面

[α:]

car farm dark sharpener

[:]

warm quarter towards

or
or在[w]音后面

[:]

forty morning short

[:]

word worker worse

er ir ur

[:]

certainly bird Thursday

辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carry sorry hurry

-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday

元音字组

读音

例词

are

[ε]

care dare hare

ere

[i]

here mere

ire

[ai]

fire hire wire

ore

[:]

more score before

ure

[ju]

pure cure

　　are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，例如：picture pleasure

　　重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。例如：parent zerostoryduring inspiring

　　某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph

元音字组

读音

例词

ai/ay

[ei]

afraid rain wait day play

air

[ε]

air hair chair pair repair

al

al在f m前

[]

small ball talk wallall

[:l]

always also salt almost

[α:]

half calm

au/aw

[:]

autumn daughter draw

ea

[i:]

teach easy cheap please

[e]

heavy bread sweater weather

[ei]

break great

ear

[i]

heardearnearclearyear

[ε]

bearpearwearswear

[:]

earth learnearly

ee

[i:]

jeep week green three

eer

[i]

pioneer deer beer

ei/ey

[ei]

eight neighbour they

[i:]

eitherkey

eu/ew在
j l r s后

[ju:]

new few newspaper

[u:]

flewbrewjewelry

ie/ei[s]音之后

[i:]

piece field receive

oa

[ou]

coat Joan boat goal

oar/oor

[:]

roarboard doorfloor

oi/oy

[i]

noise point boy toilet

oo

[u:]

broom food tooth school

[u]

book look cook foot good

ou/ow

[au]

flower house count down

[ou]

knowrowthrowthough

[]

young country enough

[u:]

group yousoup

our

[:]

course yourfour

[au]

ourhourours

[:]

journey

ui
在j l r s后

[ju:i]

fluid suicide tuition

[u:]

juice fruit suit

元音字组或字群

读音

例词

ai/ay ei/ey

[i]

Sundayforeign monkey

ow

[ou]

yellowsparrowtomorrow

元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。例如:neighbourserious famous biscuit coffee

-sion -tion

[n]

impressionnation

-sion在元音字母后

[n]

visiondecisionoccasion

-tion在s后

[n]

questionsuggestion

-sten

[sn]

listen

-stle

[sl]

whistle

-sure

[]

pleasuremeasure

-ture

[]

pictureculture

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如：　　everyday[ei]　　handbag[?]　　blackboard[:]

　　有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如：
　　sun太阳+ day[ei]日子＞Sunday[i]星期天
　　holy神圣+ day[ei]日子＞holiday[i]假日
　　break中断+ fast[α:]斋戒＞breakfast[]早餐
　　cup茶杯+ board木板[:]＞cupboard[]碗柜

辅字组

读音

例词

b

[b]

bikebusbag

[/]

bomb tomb

c
c在e前或在i/y前

[k]

cake picturecoat music

[s]

face decidecinema

ch

[]

muchchick richteacher

[k]

school headachechemistry

[]

machineChicago

-ck

[k]

cockpocket blackknock

d

[d]

doctor breadhandday

-dge

[]

bridgefridge

dr-

[dr]

childrendriverdrink

f

[f]

fivefour breakfast

g
g在e i/y前

[]

baggardongo

[]

orange largeGerman

gh

[f]

coughenough

[/]

light daughter high

gu- -gue
gu在非重读音节中

[]

guess leaguedialogue

[w]

language anguish

h

[h]

hotheadhousehand

[/]

hour honest

j

[]

jeepjarjokejoinJuly

k

[k]

kind bike skate make week

kn-

[n]

knifeknowknock

l

[l]

life milk schooltall

m

[m]

monkey come autumn

-mn

[m]

autumncolumnsolemn

n
n在[k] [g]音前

[n]

not shine tennote

[]

uncle thank hungry

-ng

[]

morningyoungwrong

p

[p]

paperplanepig shippen

ph

[f]

elephantphoto telephone

q

[k]

Iraq

qu-

[kw]

qualityquite

r

[r]

redrubberruler

s在词首或清辅音前
元音字母间或浊辅音前

[s]

sitsleep desk

[z]

music husband

sc-

[sk]

scarlet

[s]

musclescience

sh

[]

she fish shirt wash

t在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前

[t]

ten letter meet

[]

patient nation

tch

[]

watch

th在通常情况下
在冠词代词介词连词中
在词尾-the -ther中

[θ]

thinthirty method

[]

thethese withthan

[]

clothe father weather

tr-

[tr]

treetrain countrytruck

v

[v]

veryvoice love leave

w

[w]

weekwinwake sweetwait

[/]

answer two

wh-
wh-在字母o前

[w]

whatwhenwhitewhy

[h]

whowhosewhole

x
在重读元音前

[ks]

boxtext exercise

[gz]

examle exist exact

wr-

[r]

write

y-

[j]

yesyardyellowyoung

z

[z]

puzzlezerozoo

1．音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。

2．音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。
例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter
②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。
例如：长音pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther
　　　短音sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er

3．重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。

4．开音节 ①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.
②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：namethesebikehomeex-cuse.

5．闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bageggfishnotcup

6．双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。
例如：′stu-dent′Chi-na′sec-ond′au-tumn in-′deed
含有a- be- de- re- in- ex-等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如：
a′bout be′fore ex′cuse re′pair for-′get-ful in-′ven-tor

7．多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如：′el-e-phant con-grat-u-′la-tion
词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scien′tific im′pression