托福写作 论证不这样做，会死很惨的

托福写作中要如何写好论证呢?下面小编就给大家分享一些小技巧，希望对你们有所帮助!

托福写作 | 论证不这样做，会死很惨的!

我们常听说，任何事物都有对立面，有黑就有白，有长就有短，有诚实就有虚伪，有同意就有反对……等等等等。

同样的，我们论证的一个话题(尤其是那种问你Do you agree or disagree即同意不同意的)，很明显其实是存在两种截然不同的立场的，我们只是选择站在了其中一边而已。那么这是不是就意味着与我们对立的一边的声音我们就不用去管它了呢?

当然不是!你想，如果你完全不去了解对立方是怎么想怎么论证的，那就和自闭视听，完全自说自话一样了。咱们用常识想一想，这样的态度在学术上能够被接受吗?肯定不行吧，因为学术的基本精神就是公正与客观，君子和而不同，有啥不同意见咱们来讨论，真理才能越辩越明(国内常见的那种劣质辩论就不提了……很多压根就是骂街对吵)。所以既然考托福的同学们大多都是为了出国读书，你觉得托福(换成雅思也一样)会不关心这一条么?

那么，我们究竟应该怎么做，才能在作文中体现出我们是有这种素质，并且让考官也能看到呢?主要在两方面：

第一个方面，当然就是如果你写的是有明显立场偏向的文章，别忘了在第二段或者倒数第二段安排一个小小的让步段。什么叫让步段呢?顾名思义，就是我在自己的立场上稍稍让一小步，给对立的一方一点点空间，这样显得你看问题更加全面，又不失风度，然后再补一句说他们的看法其实还是多多少少有问题的(没错，让步还有个很关键的功能其实为了最后再补一刀……)。咱们还是以地铁为例(对，我就是爱地铁)，我的立场是地铁肯定是个好东西，但是我在文章的第二段或者倒数第二段，会这样说：“当然，我知道也有朋友认为地铁不咋地，因为他们可能觉得地铁网的覆盖还不够，有的地方去不了，或者修建成本高等等。不过总的来看，其实地铁带来的便利与优势，是远远大过这些貌似的缺点的。”(此时对方最终倒地吐血而亡，成功拿下人头)

第二个方面，就是具体每个论点展开论证的时候，除了讲原因和结果。讲一下如果情况相反，那么事情会变成什么样子?例如官方指南上的一道例题，问诚实是否是最重要的品质?在官方的满分范文里，作者几乎每说一两句诚实的重要性，接着就会补一句不诚实有多么糟糕和令人不愉快。同理，你想说什么东西好，以后不妨都再说一说它的反面有多么不好。

这里插个小趣闻，我曾经有机会听过一次某保险公司的内部销售培训(当然我并不是说下面的内容代表整个保险业的培训哈)，他们里面有一个很重要的制造顾客购买焦虑的销售技巧，就是除了从正面讲这个产品哪里哪里好之外，还会绘声绘色地引导顾客去想象如果没有买这个产品，他们的生活会有多凄惨……(注意：很多被销售的人其实都是在这个环节动摇的，下次大家被销售的时候，可以自我观察下)

举个例子，比如销售小妹会告诉王阿姨，王姐啊，您想，如果您家里没购买任何保险，要是哪天您突然被检查出癌症了(呸!)，那你们家还不得卖房子给您治病啊?您想下，这样子治病，不管治没治好，以后家里的日子还怎么过啊?您儿子又还没结婚，要是没房子，不更找不到对象了么?以后您抱孙子的机会也更渺茫了……(说着说着销售小妹自己哽咽了起来)王阿姨这一听也感动了，艾玛，没想到这个小妹妹这么为人着想啊，还连我儿子找媳妇的事情都操心了!嗯……小姑娘说的也不是没道理，人不怕一万就怕万一嘛，咱就算是为儿子的将来考虑，给自己买个保险也没差!于是就那么愉快地买单了，搞不好以后还认销售小妹作了干女儿也说不一定呢……呃，扯远了……包括我们经常在街上听到的比较低级的叫卖，什么“不买错过等一年”等等，其实都是用到的这种论证方式。

所以你看，这些论证方法，是普适性的，既可以被于一些不那么正的路子(例如通过一些似是而非的论证操控或者煽动他人的认知)，也可以被用于学术这种造福人类的事情。它本身就是一种有效的思维工具，被用来干好事还是干坏事，取决于用的人是什么动机。同时学好了，可以保证不会被别有用心的人忽悠。

其实看到这里，不知道大家注意到没，包括我在写这些文字的时候，其实也是用到了这些论证方法的。比如我就不仅从正面论证告诉你为什么写托福作文要讲方法，讲了方法会怎样，然后不讲论证方法的话又会吃多少亏还不知道为什么，然后每个具体的论证方法又继续再按照这个方式展开……发现没?满满都是套路啊~所以还是那句话，在纠结托福写作用什么语言之前，先通过中文把自己脑袋里的思路理清楚理顺溜，你的大作文就已经成功了一半~

托福写作高分成绩四大错误影响因素

错误一：语言绝对化

根据能量守恒定律(Law of energy conservation)，即“各种能量形式互相转换是有方向和条件限制的，能量相互转换时其量值不变，表明能量不能被创造或消灭”，人们在使用语言描述事物变化时，应尽可能避免语言过于绝对化，尤其是在使用第二语言进行正式的书面表述时，更应该注意该语言中非绝对化表达方式的学习，这样才能尽显文章内容的客观性。

这是绝大多数中国考生在面对托福写作时所忽视的，大家可以对比如下两组句子：

This tends to occur whenever there is a downturn in commodity prices.

This occurs whenever there is a downturn in commodity prices.

A child learning a foreign language at primary school causes confusion between their native language and the foreign one.

A child learning a foreign language at primary school is likely to cause confusion between their native language and the foreign one.

为解决该问题，一些表达委婉语气的用语和句式，考生可以尝试使用，如：may, might, would, could, largely, possibly, probably, be likely (unlikely) to, be inclined to, tend to, to a large (some) extent, there is a higher probability/possibility that…等。

错误二: 只回答部分问题

遇到此类考题，考生可以将全文分为四个段落，除去开头和结尾段，主体两个段落分别回答一个问题，即第二段回答产生该现象的“原因”，第三段选取积极或消极任何一面展开论述。

错误三：容易跑题

避免该问题，首先，在积累词汇阶段，考生应连同其同义词准确记忆;其次，由于每年的考题重复率相对较高，所以，如果时间允许，考生可以在练习阶段把近几年题目通读一遍，准确理解题目内容。

错误四：文章没有分段或分段不充分

托福作文应按照论文的写作格式分段，即有开头段，结尾段和由两到三段构成的主体段落。不论是四段式还是五段式，考生只要进行合理的分段，就能满足考试在逻辑性方面的要求。

托福独立写作范文：人不知足

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are never satisfied with what they have; they always want something more or something different. Use specific reasons to support your answer.

I think it's probably true that people are never satisfied with what they have. They always want something more or something different from what is theirs. This just seems to be part of our human nature. Look at a toddler. Give her a toy to play with and she's happy-until she sees something eke. Then she wants that other toy to play with. If she and her brother are each given a cookie, she'll look to see whose cookie is bigger. She'll protest loudly if she thinks her brother is　getting more.

"The grass is always greener" is an old expression, but it's a good expression of how many of us feel. We're always striving for a better job, a nicer place to live, a fancier car, or more expensive clothes. Part of this reaching for more and better is because we care about what other people think and want to impress them. Part of it is trying to make ourselves feel successful. But there's also something in our nature that tells us we can do better and reach higher.

This isn't always a negative quality. There's another saying: "A man's reach should exceed his grasp, or what's a heaven for?" It's a good thing to be constantly pushing ourselves and looking for something different. If we don't try for more and different things, we begin to, stagnate, like a pool that doesn't get any fresh water.

The problem comes when we won't let ourselves be satisfied with anything we have. If we have a comfortable life and still feel as if something's missing, then we need to look inward. The something that's missing may be in our spirit.

托福独立写作范文：对人印象判断

Some people trust their first impressions about a person's character because they believe these judgments are generally correct. Other people do not judge a person's character quickly because they believe first impressions are often wrong. Compare these two attitudes. Which attitude do you agree with? Support your choice with specific examples.

In our daily life, we will always be told a wealth of such cases as a guy who has fallen into love with a girl at the first sight, one of your friends who impresses your mother deeply on his or her first visit to your house and then is treated exceptionally well by your hard-to-be-pleased mother, and even the applicant who attracts to the HRM (human resources manager) immediately at the first sight of the interview and then is easily employed, to name just a few. All of the above-

mentioned cases tell us many people in the world trust the first impressions of a person, his or her character, her conduct and her eloquence, etc., all of which he or she displays at each other's first meet. But is all that he or she displays, or all that you understand through what he or she displays or hints correct or just a blur image which needs to be proved in the later days?

Before we get the question to be treated, let’s think of the most probable (not absolutely) results of the cases mentioned in the first paragraph:

The guy who has just experienced the above-said romance has to say goodbye to his newly-known girlfriend because later on he finds out that the girl is not as good as she looks; the friend of yours who has just won your hard-to-be-pleased mother's trust is criticized by your mother because of his or her great incoherency in the manners, and even the newly-employed employee is dismissed because of he is not telling the truth in his resume. Till now, do you still think the first impressions of a person’s character are dependable?

Psychologically, in our head we had a very perfect image of a person, of course, which varies from one another owing to his of her specific experiences, education and family background, his or her own opinion about a special view, etc. and when such a person as confirms with the image in our head pretty congruently presents, we will, to great extent, overestimate or even exaggerate the his or her merits, while omit the shortcomings as we can help it. Maybe this is the psychological reason, thus we can ourselves lead to the answer to the question referred above that the first impressions of a person are generally incorrect and also irresponsible for yourself.

In a word, to judge a person needs time and the first-sight impression is always undependable.

托福写作 | 论证不这样做，会死很惨的