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独立主格结构的基本形式和功能

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独立主格结构是英语语法中的一个重要板块,今天,小编为大家收集、整理了独立主格结构相关的语法知识,一起来看看吧!

独立主格结构的基本形式和功能

独立主格结构可以分为两部分:一部分是名词或代词,起逻辑主语的作用;另一部分是非谓语动词分句(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)或无动词分句(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语),表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。 

基本形式是:名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语,with引导的复合结构。

 
1. 名词/代词+ 现在分词 
现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。  
例 The man lay there, his hands trembling.  
So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.  
His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep.  
注:“独立结构”中的being或 having been 有时可以省去,这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。  


2. 名词/代词+过去分词  
过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。  
例 The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.  
The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.  
Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.  
后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been,being。如果加上,这两个句子就又变成了现在分词分句。  


3. 名词/代词+不定式  
不定式表示的是将来的动作。  
例He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.  
These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.  
We shall get together at 7:30, the procession(游行) to start moving at 8 sharp.  


4. 名词/代词+名词  
名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。  
例 Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.  
He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon.  


5. 名词/代词+形容词短语  
形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质,状态,原因等。  
例The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while.  
I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of sorry.  
这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上,就变成了现在分词分句。  


6. 名词/代词+副词  
副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。  
例 The meeting over, we all went home.  
Nobody in, he left a message on the board.  
He sat at the table, head down.  


7. 名词/代词+介词短语  
介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者状态。  
例 The teacher came in, a book under his arm.  
The hunter entered the forest, gun in hand.  
Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away.  


8. with引导的复合结构, 也可以认为是一种独立主格结构  
例 A woman got on the bus with a baby around her arms.  
The teacher came in with several students following behind.  
With a lot of things to deal with, he will have a difficult time.  
With the work done, he went out to eat.  
He left the office with the lights on.  
Mary rushed out of the house with the door open. 

 

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