英语常见副词用法详解
下面是小编整理的一些英语常见副词用法详解，以供大家学习参考。
由于副词短语和副词的作用差不多，为了方便，我们把两者放在一起讨论，统称为“副词(短语)”，说明时间的称为“时间副词(短语)”。
一.时间副词(短语)
1、副词(短语)表示的时间与动词时态的关系
1) 表示过去时间的副词(短语)，可和过去时的谓语动词一起用，也可和“助动词+现在完成时”构成的谓语一起用：
He“came”“was”born in 1940.
He“was” formerly( or once) a rich man.
He “arrived”two days ago.
He “got” married last week.
He “left” Paris two weeks back.
He“can't have arrived” here today week(or a week ago).
He “may have left”(on) Thursday week(or Thursday of last week).
The diamond “must have been stolen” on Friday before last.
2) 表示现在时间的副词(短语)可以和各种时态一起用：
He“is”tired now.
He“is studying” music today.
We“are learning” music this year.
I “have done”my exercise this week.
He“will do” many things today.(今天早晨讲的话)
He“did” many things this year.(今年较晚时讲的话)
He“has done” many things this week.(周末讲的话)
3) 有些副词(短语)，可和现在完成时或一般过去时的动词一起用：
I“saw”(or“have seen”) him lately(or of late，recently，before，before now，all along，right along， in the past，over the years).
He has just gone out.(英式)
He just went out.(美式)
4) 有些副词(短语)，多和完成时态的动词一起用，偶尔和其他时态的动词一起用：
He“has been” ill since 2 June(or ever since，since two months ago).
Till now(or Up to now， Until this time)nothing“has happened”.
So far(or As yet，Thus far) he“had said” nothing to me.
So far he “was trying” without success.
There “is” as yet no hope for peace.
The guests “(had) arrived” by([=before or at] seven o'clock).
5) 表示未来时间的副词(短语)，必须和将来时或现在(一般或进行)时的动词一起用：
He“will come” tomorrow.
I“shall meet” him some day(or one day).
He“will begin” his work next week.
He“will call” on me in ten days(or in ten days time，ten days from now).
He“will do” it soon(or shortly，presently，instantly，before long，by and by).(这6个副词及副词短语也可以和过去将来时的动词一起用：
He“would do”it “would come” shortly.)
He“arrives”this coming Thursday.
He“is to move”(on)Friday(of)next week.
He“is leaving” today week(or a week from today).
He“is returning” this day month(or a month from this day).
6) 个别副词(短语)可以和过去时或将来时的动词一起用：
She came last Monday and he “came” the day before(or two days later).
She will come next Monday，and he “will come” the day be- fore(or two days later).
7) 频度副词(短语)可以和任何时态的动词一起用：
He“studied”(or“had studied”，“was studying”，“studies”，“is studying”，“has studied”，“will study”)every day.
He“is”always(or often，frequently，sometimes，occasion- ally，seldom，rarely，scarcely，hardly，never)ill.
I“have warned” him once again(or a time or two，once in a long while，now and then，now and again，again and again，time and again，over and over again ).
He will be permanently(or forever)blind.
The periodical“is” published daily(or weekly，monthly， quarterly，yearly).
8) 表示时间长度的副词(短语)可以和任何时态的动词一起用：
He“stayed”in France(for)three years.
They“gambled” all the year(round).
They “gambled” all the night (through).
He“started”work from 1950.
He“served”his country till his death.
He“will work” for me during my absence.
He “can cross” the river in thirty minutes(or in a short time).
We“are working” all(the) day long.
The fish “will not live”over the night(or over this week).
He“has done” much over the year.
I “have done”nothing during the vacation.
2、某些时间副词(短语)的特殊用法
1) 有些时间副词(短语)的特殊用法值得注意：
I shall go tomorrow(=the day after today).但：He went last Sunday，(or on the following day)(不能说I went on tomorrow).
但：He went last Sunday，and I went on the previous day (or the day before)(不能说yesterday).
He will go next Sunday，and I will go on the previous day(or the day be- fore)(不能说yesterday).
2)I saw him three days ago(=on the third day before to- day).但：I arrived last Sunday and I informed him of my arrival three days before(=on the third day before last Sunday)(不能说three days ago).
3)I shall see him in three days(=on the third day after to- day)(不要说after three days).
但：I arrived last Sunday and I saw him three days later (or three days afterwards，after three days，in three days).
I shall arrive on 6 July and will see him three days later(or three days afterwards，after three days，in three days).
4)I met him one day.
I will meet him some day(or one day).
I met him the other day(=a few days ago).
I will meet him one of these days(=in a few days).
5)He arrived on time(=at the appointed time).
He arrive in time(=early enough)for dinner(or to take dinner).
He will be punished in time(=sooner or later).
6)When did he meet her?Sometime(=At some time) last year.
—How often? Sometimes(=now and then)， not very often.
—How long were they together?(For) Some time， not very long.
7)He has learned music since June 1(till now).
He learned music from June 1(not till now).
He has learned it ever since(=ever since then).
He learned it long since(=long ago).
8)From 1970 to 1980，I met her four times(不要说for four times).
I was so shy when I saw her for the first time.
The meeting in 1980 was the fourth or the last time we had got together.
9)He has(or had)just left(=left a moment ago).
He is just starting(=is starting this moment).
He left just now (=left a moment ago).
He has left now(=is gone now).
10)Did you ever see it?(疑问句)
I hardly ever saw it.(否定句)
Tell me if you ever saw it.(条件句)
不要说：I ever saw it.(肯定陈述句)
11)At first he denied it;then(or soon，afterward)，he said yes;finally(or eventually) he denied it again.
First(of all) came A，next(or then)came B，last(of all)came C.
12)I will see her this day week(or month，year)(=in a week， month，etc.).
I saw her this day week (=a week ago).
13)He did not receive(or has not received) her answer yet.(否定句)
Did you eat(or Have you eaten)yet?(疑问句)
He would marry her if he loved her yet.(条件句)
He already knew it.(肯定句)
He still remembered it.(肯定句)
14)Is John here yet?(通常的问法)
Is John here already?(表示惊奇)
Is John still here?(表示不高兴)
15)There is time yet(=still) fish is yet(=still)alive.
We may(or will)win yet(=sooner or later) must work harder yet(=still harder).
There is yet another it yet again.
16)I have(or had) been interested in music from a girl(or a child).
17)This custom dates(or goes) back to 1890，exists to this day.
18)be(=take place)后可跟各种时间副词(短语)：
The show will be 9 p.m..(某一时刻)
The meeting was three hours.(一段时间)
The gathering is every Sunday.(频度)
19)频度副词(短语)可以在意思上接近一个表示数量的形容词，特别是当主语为一个非特指的普通名词时：
Doctors are always very busy.=All doctors are very busy.
Children generally like cakes and sweets.=Most children like cakes and sweets.
An old man often forgets what he has done.=Lots of old men forget what they have done.
Books are sometimes harmful to children.=Some books are harmful to children.
People are seldom concerned about others.=Very few people are concerned about others.
Good gamblers never curse or get angry.=No good gamblers curses or get angry.
它也可在意义上接近一个修饰宾语的表示数量的形容词：
This desert is sometimes good for patients.=This desert is good for some patients.
Dennis always hates dishonest people.=Dennis hates all dishonest people.
He generally excuses the criminals who repent.=He excuses almost all the criminals who repent.
二、地点副词(短语)
1、地点副词(短语)概述
下面每个句子中都包含一个表示地点的副词短语：
He stood at the center.
John moved from house to house.
They came to fought outside their own country.(包含介词的短语通常都修饰动词，很少修饰形容词、副词、介词或连词。)
The bird flew a long walked miles and miles.
They are inches sat three rows behind me.(没有介词的短语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词、连词或介词。)
1、有些地点副词原来就是副词，如：
abroad，together，apart，overhead， forward，next，last，left， home， where， here， there
2、另一些，原来是介词，当它的宾语省略掉时则成为副词：
I sat before John，and Mary sat behind(John).
Come down( the ladder).
The students stood around(someone or something).
Come in(=into my house).
He jumpd in(=into the water).
Can you swim across(this river)?
3、某些地点副词(短语)的特殊用法
下面例句说明地点副词的特殊用法，有些有引伸意义：
1)ABOUT：Don't throw the waste paper about(= here and there).
The children rushed about.
How did the quarrel come about(= happen)?They will bring about(=cause) the solution of the problem.
2)ACROSS：Things go across(=against us) sat just across(=opposite)(美语)him.
3)ANYWHERE，(ANYPLACE—美语)：I can't go anywhere.
ALONG：Move along(=on)， along(= over)and see took her dog along(=together)with her.
ALOOF：He always keeps himself aloof(=never mix with others).
APART：He always keeps himself apart(=aloof).
AROUND：He looked shook hands all around.
AWAY：He looked away(=turned his eyes away).
The colour(or The sound) faded away(=into nothing).
BACK：Call the dog back inside.
BY：He stood by(=near).
He hurried by(=past) flew me by
He put(or set，laid) the money by(=aside for future use).
DOWN：The price went heat went down(=to a lower degree).
We beat down the opposition，calmed down his feelings，put down the closed down the revolt died clock has run down.(down =to a less active condition).
I'll write(or put，set，take，get)it down(=record it) will go down(=be recorded) in history as a great practice persisted from 1950 down to handed it down to posterity.(down = to a later period).
FAR：He did not go he go far?He went a long way(instead of far) went as far as the north pole.I live far from(or beyond)the town.(far修饰介词)
He lives far away(or far off). Someone waited far be- low(or far above，far beyond).(far修饰后面的地点副词)
He goes too far(=goes to extremes) money will go far(=help greatly) to better his condition.
FURTHER：He lives two miles further on.
HALFWAY：He will meet me halfway.
HERE：We want but little here below(=in this life).
Listen here(=to me).
He came over lives near waited up here.
Come in here.(地点副词+here)
Here is something for is(=I drink)to your success!Here comes the car!Here it comes!Here you are!(英式);或There you go!(美式)(=Here it is!)
Here goes!(=Watch，I'm ready to begin!)
Here(=At this point)he stopped a (=In this matter)he can't do anything.
IN：Come in(=into the house) jumped in(=into the water).I'll put in a notice(in = in the newspaper) sent(or shut) him land will be walled cut in his own name.
NEAR：He lives near by(=near). He has a dictionary near at hand(=near to him) vacation is drawing near. His fame spread far and near(=everywhere).
OFF：He set off(=started) took off his your hands off(=Don't touch it) off the buttons came(or fell) made(or got)off， 或took himself off(=ran away).I cannot let him off (=escape) so with(=Take off) your with you(=Be gone!).
Throw off(=Get rid of) walked off his headache;slept off his fatigue.
Clear( or Pay)off(=completely) your debt. We must kill off our enemies.
He cut off(=stopped) the steam(or the gas) switched(or turned) off the light. He broke off the declared off the left off his work.
They bought off(=bribed) the police.
He worked off and on (=intermittently).
He put the matter off(=aside).
We started straight(or right)off(=at once).
ON：He put(or threw，tried，had，kept)his clothes on (=on his body) had nothing put his shoes on (=on his feet);girded on a sword;buckled on an armour;drew on his l I help you on with your coat?On with your hat!
He worked(spoke，moved) on(=continually). we have to hold(or hang，cling) on(= keep on). We talked on and on(=went on talking). Go on with(=Continue) your reading.
On with(=Begin or Continue) your thing is going on(= happening). How are you getting on(= making progress) with French? He is getting on(=getting along) came on(= progressed) well in his studies.
He switched(or turned) on the gas(or the steam，the water，the light， the TV).
We looked on(=without participating in the matter).
Come on!(= Hurry!Stop behaving that way!)
He did it further( or later) on(=afterwards). You must be more careful from this hour on.
OUT：He slept( or dined) out(= away from home). We shall have an evening you go! Out with you!(=Be gone!)
He called(or cried) out.
We let out horses(or money) looked(or found) out a can't make out(= understand)the meaning.
He can work out(=solve) the problem.
Speak out(=loudly or freely) me straight out(or right out)(= without ambiguity). She had her cry out(=cried to the full) had his sleep out.
This fashion has gone out(= become out of date). Put(or Blow，Turn) out(= extinguish) the light. The fire has burned out.
Hear me out(=to the end).I can't hold out. He sat outthe show(=sat until the end of the show). He slept out the night. He sat out the others(=left last of all).
He knows the matter out and out(= thoroughly).
OVER： He swam over(=to the other side of the river).
He climbed over(=to the other side of the mountain).
He came over(=over some distance) from Singapore，went over to America. Take it over to John. Ask him over (= to come).
He fell over(=from an upright position). He knocked the vase over.
He turned the page over(= from one of its sides to the other). He rolled over and over.
The water in the pot boiled over(=beyond the rim).
They went over(=from their party or views) to us.
We won(or talked) them over to our views.
The house was searched over(=in all parts，thoroughly).
He looked(or counted，read， talked， thought) it over.
He is a diplomat all over.
I have to do it over(= again， from the beginning).
They built the temple(all)over(again). He read the book over and over again. I have done it three times over.I passed(or glossed， slurred)over(=ignored) his fault.I left the matter over(= aside). I let it stand over.
There are 15 dollars over(= left). He has 1000 dollars and( a bit)over(= and something).
THERE： You can go there(=to that place—重读) and back in a day. You can find it here， there(=at that place)， and everywhere.
There goes the car(名词)! There it(代词) goes!
It is dangerous to climb up there.I'll go over there.
Why do you stand out there? Let's stand near(or above，below) there.(地点副词+there)
There(= At that point) he stopped a moment. You are mistaken there(= on that point).
There is a good boy(=What a good boy you are)!
There is a good chance for you (= Note what a good chance it is)!(赞扬或鼓励)
There(不重读) is someone outside. There was born a child(=A child was born). There broke out a war. I want there to be peace. There was said( or supposed) to be a fire. There is no arguing(= You cannot argue) with him.
There! There!(重读) Don't cry.(用来安慰孩子)
There!Didn't I tell you? There!You've spoiled every thing.(忿忿，不悦或满足)
THROUGH： He has got through(= passed)( the exam).
I have read it through(= from the beginning to the end). I saw the accident all through. She knows me through and through. He got through with(=finished) all the work he had to do. I see through his trick.
We must carry through the plan(=execute it successfully).
The train went through(=direct) to the city.
The scheme fell(or dropped) through(=failed).
I'll put you through to the manager(=I'll make telephone connection between you and him).
UNDER：A piece of cloth should be placed under( something in question).
He brought the rebels under(his control). He kept(or got) the fire under. He cannot keep his temper under.
UP： Lee lives four floors up. Up with you(=Get up)!
I started(or sprang) up. He looked for it up and down (=everywhere).
He went up to(or lived up in) London(to or in a place of more importance). Did he go up to Oxford( or Cam-bridge)?(和DOWN比较)
He went up to(or lived up in) Edinburgh(to or in a place in the north).
He walked up(=over， across， or around)(= to the speaker or the place in question).
We sailed up(=against the current).
They stirred up the revolt. He praised her up. I screwed up his courage.(up = to a higher or stronger degree).
He tore up the paper，locked up the door， tied up the dog，wound up the clock， sealed up the letter. The pond had dried up. The fire has burned up.(up有“彻底”的意思，有时在口语中几乎没有意思。)
The products do not come up to(=attain) the standard.
He lives(or acts) up to(=in accordance with) the principle(or his promise). His fortune amounts(or comes) up to(=totals) a million pounds.
WEST： They sailed village lies west(=to the west) of the capital. He went west(=died).
WESTWARD(S)： He went westward(s).
图解：
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6305T1.bmp}
c.方式副词(短语)
1)概说
1657 大多数方式副词都是形容词后加词尾-ly构成：
quickly carefully traditionally
faithfully luckily internationally
但有些以-ly结尾的词是由名词加词尾构成，是形容词：
queenly soldierly friendly
beggarly worldly heavenly
cowardly scholarly miserly
这样的词不是副词，因此不能说 She walked queenly.而要说She walked in a queenly manner.不能说 He treats me friend-ly.而要说 He treats me in a friendly way.但是以-ly结尾的形容词有时直接用作副词，而不再加-ly，以避免不协调的声音：
We have acted manly(不要说 manlily) in these circumstances.
He died untimely(不要说 untimelily).
The army retreated orderly.
1658 有少数表示方式的副词性短语可以用方式副词代替：
He treats John with kindness(= kindly).
He speaks Japanese with fluency(=fluently).
I can do it with ease(=easily).
They marched off in triumph(= triumphantly).
He has told you in private(=privately).
By good luck(= Luckily) I find the thing I lost.
He sent the letter by mistake (=mistakenly).
He deceived me on purpose(= purposely).
He screamed like a fool(=foolishly).
但多数这类短语不能用副词代替：
He comes of a rich family.
He failed because of his negligence.
It is made by John.
He was killed with a stone.
It is made of iron.
He is starved to death.
We wished for peace.
He went out in spite of the rain.
Plants will die without water.
1659 表示方式的短语相当大一批是由介词引起的，如1658中所给的例子。另一大批为地点副词，亦称副词性小品词，常可用在动词成语中，表示方式而不是表示地点。有些地点副词跟在不及物动词后(参阅1346)。
He drew up(=stopped) before a store.
Hold on(= Wait) a second， please.
The machine broke down(=didn't work properly).
Things work out(=develop) badly.
He didn't show up(= appear).
The couple split up(=ended their relationship) just an hour after their wedding.
He turned in(= went to bed) at eleven.
Speak up(=speak in a loud voice).
有些则跟在及物动词后面：
We put on(=presented) a show.
He turned down(=refused) my application.
Don't hold up(=delay) the traffic.
You made up(=invented) the story.
I'll take on(=undertake) the task.
We have to put off(=postpone) the trip.
还有一些跟在不及物动词后，后面再跟一个介词：
She came around to(=agreed to) my views.
She went in for(=got interested in)photography.
I have to fall back upon(= depend upon) his support.
We stand up for(= support) his policy.
Can you catch up with(=overtake) your class?
2)带-ly词尾的单音节副词及不带-ly词尾的单音节副词
a)带-ly词尾的副词和不带-ly词尾的副词可以有相同的意思
1660 特别值得注意的是一些单音节形容词，可以有两个副词形式，一个带词尾-ly，一个不带-ly。这类副词，有些两种形式意思相同，但用法不同。带-ly的副词可以用在所修饰的动词前面或后面，而不带-ly的副词通常紧跟在一个特定的单音节动词后，与这个动词构成一种习用语：
CHEAP(LY)：We must buy cheap(= buy at a low price)and sell dear. It costs cheap.
Victory cannot be bought cheaply (=with little loss).
He got off cheaply(引伸用法).
可和DEAR(LY)比较。
CLOSE(LY)：He held(or clasped，hug， shut)it close(ly).
DEAR(LY)： He wants to sell dear， but does not want to pay dear. It costs dear.
He loves her dearly. He pays dearly(= suffers) for his folly.
DEEP(LY)：He drank deep(= drank to excess). Still waters run deep. It was buried deep.
I felt his death deeply.I deeply regret it. He is deeply interested.
FAIR(LY)： He played fair(or fairly)(= acted justly).
We fought fair(= fought honestly). Copy it out fair(=clearly).
We deal fairly with him. We act fairly by all men.
FALSE(LY)： He played(someone)false(=cheated some-one).
They falsely accused him.
FINE(LY)：It suits me fine. We are doing fine.
It is finely down. He is finely dressed.
FIRM(LY)： He stood(or held) firm(=stuck to his opinion).
He firmly believes it. He fixed it firmly.
FIRST(LY)： He came first(=before all the others).
He first saw her in 1969.
First(ly)， we should be kind to ndly，…
FOUL(LY)：He played foul(= acted unjustly). The ship fell foul of(= ran against) the rocks.
They murdered him foully.
FULL(Y)：I know it full(=completely)well.
It has not been fully understood. I cannot satisfy him fully.(fully为程度副词而不是方式副词)
HIGH(LY)：He lived high(= lived luxuriously)， paid high (=paid a high price)， played high(=played for large stakes)，aimed or flew high(= was ambitious). The bird flew high.
They spoke(or thought) highly of(= praised or respected) him. He is highly paid.
LAST(LY)：He arrived last(= after all the others).I last (=for the last time) saw her in 1969.
Lastly，I will phone to you in case of need.
可和FIRST(LY)比较。
LOOSE(LY)：The dog broke(or got) loose(=escaped). He played fast and loose(= acted recklessly and inconstantly).
The bolt work loose(or free)(= became loose).
He used this word very loosely.
LOW(LY)： He buys low and sells lived(or paid，played，aimed， flew) low. He bowed(or lay) low.
He sang(or spoke) low. The supply ran low(=became diminished).
He spoke lowly(=humbly).
He bowed lowly(=humbly).
可和HIGH(LY)比较。
NEW(LY)：It is a new-built hotel.A new-made dress was on display.A new-coined word is sometimes very attractive.
It is a newly built are a newly married couple.
PLAIN(LY)：Write plain and speak plain.
I told him plainly.
QUICK(LY)：He got rich ran( or went，walked)quick(ly).
He quickly ran to the opposite side.
可和SLOW(LY)比较。
RIGHT(LY)：Please turn judged(or guessed，remembered) matter whether you act right or wrong，you will suffer.
He is rightly rightly suppose that.I cannot rightly recollect.
可和WRONG(LY)比较。
SLOW(LY)：Go slow(=Work slowly，Be less active) slow(ly) they did it!We drive slow(ly).
Let us drive slowly spoke to that deaf boy.
可和QUICK(LY)比较。
SOUND(LY)：He slept sound(ly).
STRONG(LY)：He is going strong(=continues to be vigourous).
He(or That)is coming( or going)it rather( or too)strong(=makes an extravagant proposal or claim).
He strongly supports our smelled strongly of alcohol.
SURE(LY)：Sure enough， he will do what he's promised.
He will surely come.(但 surely为一个肯定副词)
THICK(LY)：Snow fell thick. The blows came thick and fast.
The hill is thickly wooded.
TIGHT(LY)：He held(or clasped，hug，shut) it tight(or tightly).
可和LOOSE(LY)比较。
TRUE(or TRULY)：He aimed true(= aimed correctly).
He told me true(= told me the truth) animal will breed true(=breed in accordance with the parental type) spoke truly.
可和FALSE(LY)比较。
WRONG(LY)：He aimed(or heard，spelled the word，told me) got it wrong(= miscalculated). It worked out thing has gone wrong.
They are wrongly accused(or informed，directed).
可和RIGHT(LY)比较。
b)带-ly词尾的副词和不带-ly词尾的副词可有不同的意思
1661 有些副词，两种形式的意思互不相同：
DIRECT(LY)：Speak to him direct(=not in a round-about way).I went to Hong Kong direct.I sent it direct to him.I got it from him direct.(亦可用 directly)
Come here directly(= at once). I will be back directly (= very soon) family is directly e has been a directly opposed tendency.
EASY(EASILY)：Take things easy(= Be in no hurry) come，easy go.I can do it easily(= with no difficulty) machine runs easily(= smoothly).
FIT(LY)：She laughed fit(= till she was ready) to die.
She can sing sorrowful songs fit to make you cry.
The matter has not been fitly handled.
FLAT(LY)：The play fell flat(=produced no response).
He lay flat on his sang flat(= sang below the true pitch) denied it flatly (=down right).
FREE(LY)：I got it free(of charge).I was admitted free.
You can criticize anybody freely.
HARD(LY)：He works hard(= strenuously). He drinks hard(=excessively) rained hardly(=scarcely) knows it.
LATE(LY)：He arrived late(= beyond the right time) goes to bed was ill lately(=recently).
LOUD(LY)：Don't talk(or laugh) so loud.
He boasted( or praised her) loudly(引伸用法) is very loudly dressed.
MOST(LY)：Mary is the most(= in the greatest degree)beautiful.I love Mary are mostly(=chiefly)nice people，though not all of them are.
NEAR(LY)：He came near(= approaching something).
He nearly(=almost) is nearly finished.
PREVIOUS(LY)：It happened previous to(= before) his ar-rival.
He has said it previously.
ROUND(LY)：We turned(or looked)round.
I told him roundly(=flatly).
SHARP(LY)：Look sharp(=Be alert) car turned sharp.
He answered me sharply(= seriously).
SHORT(LY)：He stopped short(=suddenly stopped)n(or went)short of(= lacked) result came short of(= failed to meet)the requirements.
I'll be back shortly(=soon) answered me shortly(=briefly).
SHY(LY)：I fought shy of(= kept away from) her.
She shyly(=bashfully) mentioned her lover.
SOUND(LY)：He is sound(= thoroughly)asleep.
He slept is soundly beaten.
WIDE(LY)：He spoke wide of the mark(= incorrectly).
The islands are widely travelled widely.
They differ widely.
c)带-ly词尾的副词表示方式，不带-ly的副词表示程度
1662 另一些带副词，不带-ly的形式，用来表示程度，修饰形容词、副词、连词、介词或后面的动词;而另一种形式表示方式，修饰它前面或后面的动词：
CLEAN(LY)：All he has is clean(= completely) gone. I have clean forgot is cleanly dressed.
CLEAR(LY)：The bullet went clear(= entirely)through his leg. The robbers have escaped clear away.
He speaks clearly.
CLOSE(LY)：He followed close(= a short distance)behind brought him close to ruin.A church is close by.
He watched her closely(=strictly)d him closely.
DEAD(LY)：It is dead(= completely) is dead drunk(or tired，certain，slow，against me).
He is deadly(= dangerously) is deadly pale.
DEEP(LY)：He studies deep(= far)into the night.
I regret it deeply(= bitterly).
JOLLY(or JOLLILY)：He knows you jolly(= very) well.
He laughed jollily.
JUST(LY)：He left just read this.
He is justly(= rightly) justly criticized this policy.
MOST(LY)：She loves her mother most of all.
They mostly(=chiefly) come from the north.
PRETTY( or PRETTILY)：It is pretty(= moderately)good.
She is prettily dressed.
RIGHT(LY)：He dashed right(=all the way)to the end of the turned right has read right(=completely)through the stood right(=exactly)in the middle.
I understand her rightly(= correctly) I heard you rightly，I don't have to pay I remember rightly，they got married in 1985.
WIDE(LY)：The gate is wide e two parties are wide apart in their is wide awake.
He travelled widely.
图解：
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6314T1.bmp}
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6315T1.bmp}
d.程度副词(短语)
1663 下面例句中的副词(短语)表示不同的程度。程度副词(短语)用来修饰形容词的最多，但也常用来修饰动词：
接近零程度— He can not hardly(or scarcely)knows it. I little expect is by no(manner of)means respected by his should on no account trust this man.I'll not for the world(or for anything)(=never) speak against anyone.I don't care a fig(or a jot，a bean，a bit， a rap，a damn，a pin)(= do not feel sorry)for his is not a bit(or a jot，a whit，a hair，a tit，a rush，a button)injured.I cannot in any way tell you all the is not in the least(or not at all)happy.I simply(or just)can't help.“Will he give up?” “—The devil(or The heck，The deuce)he will”(=He won't).“Is he honest?”“Like hell(or Like fun)he is (= He never is)”.“ He is so kind.”—“ Kind my foot( or my eye)!”(= Very unkind)
较小程度—He writes a little.I was somewhat(or slightly，a bit) helps some(=a little).
某种程度— This matter depends more or less(or in a way，to a certain degree) on your decision. It sort of(or kind of)(= somehow)amazes is partly broken.I half believe in ghosts.
较大程度— He is deeply(or greatly，highly，not a little，very much，more than) villagers were mainly killed by the ess depends considerably(or in a great degree，to a great extent)on your patience.
I need it badly(or sorely) helps a lot(or a great deal) car runs nice and(= very) works good and(=very) hard.
极大程度— The town is entirely(or totally，completely，utterly) fully(or thoroughly，quite)understands her.I fairly(or clean) forget about it.
Her heart is broken through and can omit it altogether.
渐渐— The people speak less and less but think more and more. I moved gradually(or bit by bit， step by step，little by little)toward my object.
仅仅— He only(or merely) reads，but never writes.
I just(or simply) asked her about her is sold exclusively(or solely) at this firm.
足够— Has the fish been cooked enough?
Could money be sufficiently earned?
几乎— He nearly lost his almost forgets his own face. He all but died.
过份— He drinks to worried himself too much.
Don't believe excessively in fate.
图解：
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6317T1.bmp}
e.肯定副词(短语)
1664 肯定或不肯定副词(短语)常常用来修饰整个句子，或用在简短回答中。
肯定副词(短语)：
Surely(or Sure) he knows it!Surely he knows it?
Really(or Truly)he knows it.
Undeniably(or Doubtlessly) Rex has been a drug pedlar many years.
Clearly(or Obviously)，Harold was killed by his only opponent.
“Do you want your children to obey your order?”“Definitely.”
You should by all means(= certainly) follow the rules.
“May I go now?”“By all means(= Certainly).”
True(or Indeed) she loves him，but she keeps silent.
Sure enough(or To be sure，No out ubtedly，Of course，Naturally)he knows it.
In fact(or In point of a matter of it is，As the matter is，In truth，In reality)(=not in name，word，appearance，or imagination)，he is a big shot，a demagogue，not only in name.
I can't tell you for sure(or for certain).
He has become an alcoholic，all right(or and no mistake).
不肯定副词(短语)：
“Can he possibly know it?”“He may possibly know it.”
Perhaps(or Probably，Maybe) he is not happy.
Did you，perhaps，see John?
He generally，but not necessarily，comes at eight.
I dare say(or Presumably)，he won't agree with you.
In all likelihood(or As likely as not)(= most probably)，he will lose all his fortune.
3.副词(短语)的位置
a.有关7类副词(短语)位置的特别规律
1665 当副词(短语)修饰动词以外的其他词时，它的位置很容易确定。但在修饰动词时，其位置却不易确定，它可以放在主语前面、助动词前面、主要动词前面、及物动词宾语的前面、补语前面、动词后面、宾语后面或补语后面。在一个特定的句子中，只有一个或两个这类位置，从语法或修辞角度上考虑是最好的。例如在
—John—will—lend—me—his bicycle—. 中，tomorrow只适宜放在一二个位置上，而不是很多位置上。
下面所给“规律”只是一些建议，因为特定的副词(短语)有特殊的习惯用法，宜于放在某个特定的位置，有些还会随着作者的特殊意图有特殊的位置。
1666 为了决定副词(短语)的位置，我们把它们分作7类，而不是5类：
1)地点副词(短语)：there，forward，ashore;in Japan，at the station，on high
2)时间副词(短语)：yesterday，ago，yet;on Sunday，this evening，for five days，from 1950 till 1960，since last Januray
3)频度副词(短语)：often，rarely;from time to time
4)肯定副词(短语)：surely， definitely，probably;no doubt
5)程度副词(短语)：greatly，partially;beyond measure，to some degree
6)方式副词(短语)：slowly，sadly;at a low price，in jest
7)疑问副词(短语)： where?why?how?when?for what reason?in which room?
图解：
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6319T1.bmp}
不管tomorrow在句中位置如何，它在图解中的位置不变。
1)地点副词(短语)
1667 地点副词(短语)可以：
a)放在主语前面。能用在这个位置的副词很少，但可用在这个位置的副词短语却很多：
Outside，the wind is blowing. Here I airs they are gambling.
In Japan everybody works behind a voice said，“good morning” the west lay a large villa.
Into the city I've never driven this car.(这是错句，否定谓语不能放在表示方向的状语后面，而应放在前面，应当说：I've never driven this car into the city.)
为了强调可以放在主语前面的副词有：off，up，away，over， down，out， in，back，round， on， above，along，about， below，inside，outside
Off went John. Off John he(代词) went.(但不可说Off went he.)
Down fell the vase. Away he d and round flew the bird.
Up you jump! In you go!
Up with the King!Down with Fascism!Off with his head!Away with you!
可以放在不及物动词及主语前面。用在这个位置的副词为there，here，还有一些表示地点的短语，后面跟有以下不及物动词：be，come， go，follow，stand，sit，lie，remain，live， enter， appear， happen， arise， take place，然后跟有一个可能较长的表示人或物的主语：
There is a haunted house. There is a haunted house there (or here).(第一个 there没有特别意义，第二个there 或here表示地点。)
There entered on old man who was over eighty years old but looked very healthy and strong.(较长主语)
Here stands a hero of our country. Here comes the car!
Here lies my e goes Jane!(但不能说There goes she!)
At the end of the wood( there) lies a around the hut(there) grew many beautiful the centre of the hall(there) stood a round out at sea(there)came a fishing-boat.
b)放在主要动词前时极少。
c)放在及物动词后，放在宾语之前或之后。可放在这个位置的副词为a)中所列off，up，away等词。如果宾语较长并受到强调，副词要放在它前面，如果宾语为代词，副词则必须放在它后面：
He put on his coat. He put his coat on.
I picked up the book.I picked the book up.
She gave away her gave it away.(不可说She gave away it.)
He poured me out some tea.(不可说 some tea out)
She sent him off a gift(不可说 a gift off)
(句中有一间接宾语)
She took out “the eggs，butter， cakes and other things.”
He picked up“the money he had thrown away when he had been angry”.
He will bring back to me“the radio-set he borrowed last week”.
(副词必须放在较长的宾语前面)
Drink your wine ch the light the cigar out.
Take everything your hat off.(在祈使句中这类副词常放在句末)
I put down(= wrote down) his name. He took over(=assumed control of)the saw through(=were not deceived by) his trick.
We carried the project through(=We completed it successfully，put it into practice) laughed the criticism away(=He ignored it).
(“及物动词+地点副词”常常构成成语，并不表示位置。这种成语有时也可分开，如最后两句的情况。)
如果一个表示地点的副词(短语)和一个表示方向的副词(短语)一起用在一个谓语后面，表示方向的副词(短语)应放在表示地点的副词(短语)前面，它们之间不用and，or这类连词：
We drove from west to east in the city(但不可说We drove in the city from west to east.也不可说 from west to east and in the city)
如果谓语后跟有两个表示地点的副词(短语)，表示较大地点的副词(短语)要放在表示较小地点的副词(短语)后面，如果要把其中一个放在主语前面，应将表示较大地点的副词(短语)提前：
They can kiss on the street in the U.S.(但不可说 in the the street)
In the can kiss on the street.(但不可说Onthe street they can kiss in the U.S.)
如果有几个表示方向的副词(短语)，则可按事物发生的顺序安排：
From Eighth Street we proceeded past the Grand Hotel to the park，and then turn to the west.
如果副词(短语)表示宾语(而不是主语)的位置，它们应放在宾语后面：
I keep the tools on the rack.
We arranged a picnic in Mary's backyard.
I like a vacation by the seaside.
Everybody expects a revolt from all directions.
This fine climate attracts us to this country.
d)放在谓语后面时最多(即放在不及物动词、补语、或及物动词的宾语后面)：
He went this train arrived at my town.
He climbed to the top of the tree.
He feels lonely in a foreign stars look small at a great distance.
Hang your coat over there.I met him downtown.
图解：
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6323T1.bmp}
2)时刻或时段的副词(短语)
1668 表示某个时刻或某段时间的副词(短语)可以：
a)放在主语前面。可用在这个位置的副词及短语有：
yesterday，tomorrow，today，now，once，originally，first，recently，soon，immediately;one morning，just then，three days ago，later on，sooner or later，until then，so far，just now，all at once，during the summer，from 1970 to 1983，since May，since when?until when?how long ago?…，还有由in，at，on，between，by，during，about，before，after，(for)，from…to(or till)，since，till or until等介词引起的短语：
Recently we have been working he arrived at the morning he received his first lesson.
Ten years ago I invested very much capital in three nights she did not 1975 to 1979 he and I studied e a week ago，I have been sick.
不及物动词有时可放在时间副词(短语)和主语之间，更多的强调主语或引出主语(可参阅1667 a))：
Now came John and many t came came another followed an excited dialogue.
During the summer there broke out a great accident.
In the previous week there spread a rumour about his remarriage.
下面的副词(短语)常常用在主语前面起从属连词的作用：
directly，immediately，once，now(原来都是副词)，the moment，the instant，the years，the spring，every time，all the time，the few minutes(原来是名词加修饰语)：
It rained directly(or immediately)(= as soon as) he left home. Once you see him，you will never forget him.
Now you mention it，I do time you come，you are few minutes he ate，he had ten telephone the time he talked，I kept silent.
b)用在助动词前。能这样用的副词及短语除a)中第一段所列副词外，还有last，already，yet，before，shortly，just，still，eventually;for a moment，as before这类副词或短语：
He will soon come would some day understand me.
I was yesterday morning walking along the was soon after caught by the was some time before put into has long(since) been a dead man.I have long admired his has recently (or lately)seen her.
c)间或用在主要动词(或助动词)前面：
He at one time told me the same thing you are telling me.
We formerly did it，but we nowadays forget the custom.I temporarily，but not permanently，love her.
He recently has behaved better than he formerly did.
Peter，a long time ago，had vanguished the already has seen so far(or this far)hasn't spoken with me.
d)大多数都放在谓语后面。用在这个位置的有a)第一段所列的副词及early，late，already，yet，shortly，briefly，awhile，long这类词。能这样用的短语很多，包括a)中提到的介词短语。
表示某一时刻(时)的副词(短语)：
He came left at the last divided the property on the death of their father.I came(or will come)on Sunday(=last or next Sunday).
He came(or will come) on a(or the) Sunday(= another Sunday than last or next) expressed surprise at see-ing me.I felt envy on hearing the news.
表示某段时间的副词(短语)：
I have slept(for) studies English(for)three has been here many months. He has learned medicine since lived here from 1950 till exists to this day.I have opposed it all along.I'll live here forever died here during the visited many places in the course of(= during)the summer (or the trip) lived in this village all his life and never left it a day.
图解：
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6326T1.bmp}
注意从属连词directly的图解法。
3)频度副词(短语)
1669 频度副词(短语)可以：
a)用在主语前，表示强调或对比。用在这个位置的词有never，seldom，rarely，occasionally，sometimes，often，repeatedly;once a week，four times，from time to time，again and again，now and then，as a rule：
Sometimes he lly he came by himself.
Occasionally he called on r have I been there.
b)间或用在助动词前(用在简短评语、回答及反驳中，这时助动词受到强调)：
“They can find time for amusements.”“They always can.”You have learned Japanese，but I never have learned any foreign language.“I have to cook my own break-fast.”—“But I seldom need do so.”
c)在大多数情况下用在主要动词前面，用于这个位置的大多为单个副词，如：
always，permanently，perpetually，continually，continuously，incessantly(这类表示“不断”的副词不能用在否定词前，不能说 He will always not like it，而要说He will never like it.)
Generally，usually，ordinarily，commonly，normally，habitually，customarily，regularly;ftoen，frequently，repeatedly(这类表示高频度的副词可以用在否定结构后，表示“很少”，如：I don't usually(= rarely)take breakfast.)
Sometimes，periodically，occasionaly(表示中等频度的副词)
Rarely，seldom，hardly(ever)，scarcely(ever)，bare-ly，little，infrequently，unusually，uncommonly(表示低频度的副词)
Never，not，not ever(否定副词)
例句：
He can hardly see me，because he is has always often goes to the never tells lies.I don't usually(=rarely) go to the theatre.
短语用在这个位置时不多：
His family has，time after time，got into trouble.
He would，as a rule，get up at six.
d)上面提到的副词通常放在be后面，但be受到强调时可以放在它前面：
He always is a never is seldom is.
They never hardly is.
e)放在谓语后面。可用在这个位置的副词有continually，often， frequently，repeatedly，occasionally;hourly，daily，monthly;once，twice，again：
I have said it repeatedly to called on me occasion-ally.
I take a walk twice daily(不能说 daily twice).
I learn kungfu three times weekly(or a week).
常用在这个位置的短语有：
every four days，each summer，on alternate days as a rule，as usual，most often，often enough，in general，in quick succession
many times，not infrequently，again and again，time after time，time and(time)again
once in a while，once and again，now and again，every now and then，at(odd)times，from time to time，off and on，on several occasions
例句：
This morning we went to work as usual.
I read the poem again and again.
I practise Karate off and on.
I go to the movies once in a long while.
He came saw her very often.
He did it once in a studies French at odd times.
He taught me four times a week.I learn music every three days
f)c)中所给副词有些可用在谓语后表示强调或作为以后补加的意思：
She went to the pictures sometimes.
He loves her always.
图解：
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6329T1.bmp}
4)肯定副词(短语)
1670 表示肯定或不肯定的副词可以：
a)用在主语前面。用在这个位置的副词或短语可以看作是整个句子的修饰语，它们是truly，indeed，really，actually，eventually，surely，obviously，assuredly，undoubtedly，certainly，evidently，apparently，clearly，admittedly，naturally，probably，presumably，perhaps，maybe，possibly，very likely，in truth，in fact，no doubt，of course， as a matter of fact，sure enough，oddly enough，strange enough，rightly or wrongly：
Certainly he can do anything so long as it's profitable.
Surely he divorced her!
In fact，he knows nothing.
b)用作句子的简化形式。这样的副词或短语有yes，certainly，quite，absolutely，decidedly，naturaly，evidently，obviously，precisely，surely，sure(Am.)，willingly，with pleasure，very well，of course，no，never
“Do you know it?”“Yes.”
“Is he a fool?”“Absolutely.”
“Do you love her?”“Of course.”
c)间或用在助动词前(用在简短评语、回答及反驳中，这时助动词受到强调)：
He certainly(or surely，probably，possibly) surely has. He simply can' surely simply must give up.
d)在多数情况下用在主要动词前面或助动词后面。能这样用的有a)中所列副词或短语，在用作整句修饰语时，前后常加逗号：
He really understand himself?John probably loves her.
My father of course knows you.(用在主要动词前)
He will actually do what he has threatened to.I a matter of fact，done all I has，at any rate，confessed his fault.(用在助动词后面)
比较：I do not really know(= I know very little).I really do not know(=I know nothing).
e)用在谓语后时很少，除非是表示强调，或作为后来想起的话：
They will get married，perhaps.
John has done something silly—no doubt.
You didn't complain to her，Surely(= I believe or hope).
图解：
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6331T1.bmp}
注：句子修饰语in fact的图解法。
5)程度副词(短语)
1671 程度副词(短语)：
a)用在主语或助动词前时很少。
b)常常用在主要动词前面。能这样用的副词及短语有：
almost，nearly，entirely，thoroughly，perfectly，vaguely，slightly，strongly，little，in all likelihood，as much as，not so much as，as good as，sort of，at any rate，at least：
I almost quite agrees with wholly for- got half smiled and half rather hates it.I hardly think so.I scarcely understand it.
He has fully understood her. They will，on the whole， agree to my proposal. The business will，in the fullest degree(or in some measure)，depend upon the political situation.(用在助动词后面)
He does not see it.(not必须放在助动词及主要动词之间)
Can't he go?(问句)
Don't talk too much.(禁止)
但not放在being及having前面：
Not being able to go，I stayed at home with Mother.
Not having finished my work， I can't leave.
此外，有时有另一副词(短语)可放在not和主要动词之间：
He does not entirely believe me.
c)常常放在谓语后面：
I like it very need a house badly.I depend upon him fully for advice.I respect him highly(or greatly) needs money terribly(or awfully， dreadfully) suffered to such a degree.I love Mary best of all.I know it quite loved her to a ridiculous extent.
I don't care(or care not)a jot(or a button， a bit， a whit，a morsel，a fig，a damn)abut it. I don't mind(or value) it a rush(or a rotten nut) blamed me no laughed no end.I love my mother a whole big balloon. He thought world of his accident speaks volumes for the danger of a drunk- en driver.(用作程度副词的名词或名词短语必须放在谓语或动词后面)
图解：
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6)方式副词(短语)
1672 方式副词(短语)可以：
a)放在主语前用来加强语气。可这样用的副词及短语不计其数：
Suddenly the door ly he walked down the ly and impressively he rose from the seat. In a low voice he one blow of his are he cut it by one they came out. To his great de- light he saw his home ly，but with courage， did he accomplish at once did we start.
Bang goes the door Whizz goes the went the h went the went the bag of k came the come the accident. Crash went the disaster of the family.(表示声音的副词常放在动词go或come前面)
如果主语前有well，so， to such straits这样的副词(短语)，它们和主语之间应有一个助动词：
Well can we say may he do anything he likes.
He has started and so must all of he can go， so can we.
I like art and specially do I like music.
To such straits was I reduced!To such lengths did he go that nobody wanted to talk with such a point (or a degree) will the war go on that all will be destroyed.
副词前若有how与它构成感叹句，则副词必须放在主语前面：
How beautifully she sings!How quickly he runs!
下面这些副词称为连接副词，通常放在主语前，可以看作一种并列连词：besides， also， then， likewise， moreover， again，in addition，nap，what is more;only，still，all the same，however，nevertheless，and yet，howbeit，con versely，on the contrary，on the other hand;therefore， hence，so，thus，consequently，accordingly，then，in consequence，as a result;otherwise， else(可参阅 1668a))：
It may sound strange;however，it is always wears a red shirt;hence he is so nicknamed. He is poor; besides，he has a large he cried;then he liked gambling;as a result he became a good- for-nothing.
下面这些词，特别是放在主语前面时，修饰整个句子：fortunately，luckily，unluckily(for him)，happily， tragically;clearly，indisputable;essentially，characteristically;similarly;incidently，inevitably，naturally， normally;curiously，interestingly，miraculously，ironically，surprisingly，unexpectedly;personally，honestly， frankly;geographically，militarily，politically，culturally;namely;firstly，finally，lastly;as for me，as to your proposal;by the way;for instance，for example; first of all，in the first place;to my thinking;at any rate，in any case，in short， in brief， in fine，in conclusion，in a word，in one word，in other words; in plain English，in plain words;oddly enough.
Interestingly，the eye is like a camera. Hands manipulate tools;more important，they create rtunately he dies of onally，I do not like his manner of raphically，Laos is a small for my school，English is the main a word，this is not an easy job.
b)用在主要动词前或助动词后。a)中所列连接副词及修饰整个句子的副词及短语可用在口语中，前后有停顿，在书面语中前后有逗号，当这种副词及短语较不重要时，可用于这个位置：
My brother，besides，knows five people， naturally，like n and China，historically， belong to the same and Mary，likewise， can help ，however，will simplify matters.
This will，however，simplify must，accordingly，inspect the spot of the people will，of course，see through his passengers have，luckily，been saved.
可用在主要动词前或助动词后，特别是认为这个主要动词比副词(短语)更重要，或是后面跟有一个较长的修饰语或宾语时。这种副词很多，如 bravely，quietly，凡所有以-ly结尾的副词都可以这样用，这种短语也很多：
He ardently desired deeply regretted his past.
He slowly walked down the street with his promptly answered the has anxiously inquired for his brother，who suddenly disappeared years ago.
The clown，with no warning，jumped from behind the ，like every other child，is fond of sweets and woman，with tears in her eyes，left her husband.(这种短语前后都要加逗号)
He had，by mistake，thrown it may，for convenience，be left boy can，under a suit- able condition， grow into a great man. He has，in a fit of anger，killed a steadfast and trusted friend.
c)在多数情况下都用在谓语后面。大多数方式副词及短语都可以或必须放在这个位置：
He spoke naturally(= unaffectedly). [rally (=Of course)he knows.]He looked in looked at the boy ran away fearfully.
The work has been done carefully(or，has been carefully done)se hold it tightly.
They revolted against the unjust can do it at your sold it for seven distributed the property among his would have gone out but for engine goes by drank liquor by the are for the translates the article word by started for Hong cannot refrain from was taken aback on being told about this.
He stood there，hat in hand(or cigar in mouth， gun on shoulder). He came home with face clouded( or with smiling face，with beating heart，with bent head).(这种短语中的名词前不加冠词)
He looked my travelled third-class.(用名词作状语)
It costs ten dollars， weighs 30 kilograms.I bought it (for)five dollars，(at)five dollars a pound.(表示数量的名词可以用作状语)
His heart went door went house fell crash hit him smack in the face.(可和a)类句子比较)
d)下面例句表明了一类方式副词(短语)的用法及位置，这类副词(短语)表示说话人的评语，修饰整个句子：
Dennis suffered，very unjustly，for a fault not his own.
They rose in revolt，ungratefully， against their leader.
He remained，wisely，single until thirty.
图解：
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6337T1.bmp}
7)疑问副词(短语)
1673 疑问副词(短语)必须用在助动词及主语前面：
When do you start?How can you do it? Where does your brother study English?Why should they resign?
In what way did he get it?For what reason could he speak ill of me?In which paper did you read the news? Of whom are you thinking(口语中多说 Who are you thinking of)?What time did you come?
图解：
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6338T1.bmp}
b.关于副词(短语)位置的19条一般规则
1674 1)除了on，away，up，down这样的地点副词，没有其他副词(短语)可以放在及物动词及其宾语之间。下面例句中的副词(短语)都放在错误位置，应当放到宾语后面去：
He speaks fluently likes very much my understands very clearly your reviews again and again his lessons.
但如果a)宾语比副词(短语)长得多，b)宾语被认为比较重要，或c)宾语是一个从句，则这个副词(短语)必须放宾语、动词或主语的前面：
a) He brought to school so many books，pictures， magazines etc.I copied from him the lecture notes concerning the structure of the atom. Please return before Sunday all the books you have borrowed from the put into execution the plan he made years took to heart what I had told him.(放在宾语前，主要动词后面)
We have，with great difficulty，defended this village of our fathers and enemy has many times at- tacked the people inhabiting this area.(放在主要动词前面)
Here they study chemistry，physics，biology and incredible speed，he conquered all his opponents who had looked down upon him.(放在主语前面)
b) He received from his friends many precious g emphasized from time to time the importance of love and duty. John is reading very carefully a letter from his wife.
c)After a moment I said that I could do nothing for her.I asked out of curiosity with which boy she dined yesterday evening.
1675 2)肯定、程度及频度副词绝大多数放在主要动词前或助动词后：
He certainly loves his parents.
He will probably come tomorrow.
I very well know the value of his assistance.
He little understands what he himself says.
He seldom goes to the movies.
John has sometimes written to Mary.
I shall always remember what you have done for me.
1676 3)如果动词为be，则副词(短语)通常都放在be和补语之间：
He is，no doubt，a good doctor.
The amount is，in all probability，the same as before.
He is，to some extent(or in a way)， a famous musician.
He is rarely sick.
He is always late.
副词(短语)也可用在被动结构中，位置在be和过去分词之间：
It will be altogether workers were fully is earnestly hoped that… The war is need- lessly prolonged.
1677 4)如果有几类副词(短语)一起用，它们的顺序可安排如下：
肯定 地点 方式 频度 时间
He probably went to Japan by air twice in 1962.
We met there unexpectedly last Monday.
He's certainly gone abroad with his wife recently.
I studied in London under Mr.A for a year.
1678 5)如果有两个时间状语，表示较小单位时间的状语宜放在较大单位时间的前面：
I will meet you at three o'clock tomorrow.I saw the film on Tuesday evening last week.
如果较大单位时间比较重要，或较小单位时间是后来想起的，则其顺序也可以颠倒：
I arrived yesterday afternoon，about five o' and I got married in 1968，in the month of July.
1679 6)有两个地点状语时，较小的单位一般放在前面，但有时也不如此，其顺序往往根据文体或句子平衡的需要来安排：
He lived at a small village in a northern spent the holidays at a cottage in the spent the holidays in the mountains，at a cottage we rented from a friend.
1680 7)最好不要把所有的状语放在一个地方：
I returned “to the village”“ by train”“before dark”“one day”.(不好)
“One day before dark” I returned “to the village”“ by train.”(较好)
1681 8)如果把几个状语放在一起，通常宜于把最短的放在前面，把最长的放在最后：
He arrived“silently”“after all his companions” slept “soundly”“on a very large bed” sat“down”“by mistake”“on the back of a sleeping crocodile”.
“Tomorrow” “at five” “when it begins to dawn”， I shall go to a distant city. I shall stay “here”“for three days ” “while the festival is going on”.“Yesterday”“just before breakfast”“when I was writing a letter”， Mr.A called at my house.(先是单词，然后是短语，最后是从句。)
1682 9)像refer to，insist on， beware of;play hell with，take care of，lay stress on;live up to，put up with， look down on;line up，get along，fool about，carry on， give forth，gamble away这样的成语最好不要分开：
He has always firmly and passionately believed in manners.(比 believed firmly and passionately in manners.好)
He depends upon his uncle for his education.(比depends for his education upon his uncle好)
she looks patiently after the baby.(中间有时可插入短的状语)
1683 10)包含 this，that， like， such， so， thus， the这类词的状语，和其他与前面句子或段落有关的状语，最好放在主语前面：
Just at that moment，a man such a sight，they all this manner he they I do they started the he r the war， many were like manner they were what has been said，this theory is very easy to understand.
1684 11)放在动词前的状语带有装饰性，有时可以省掉，而放在动词后面的状语比较强调，更为重要：
They suddeny attacked attacked us suddenly.
We quietly went went away quietly.
I immediately corrected it.I corrected it immediately.
I often go to the pictures.I go to the pictures very often.
1685 12)一个状语，为了强调而加以重复时，必须放在句子前面：
She decides to go tomorrow，and tomorrow she must go.
She cried sorrowfully，and sorrowfully everyone sighed.
John learned Chinese with difficulty，and with difficulty he had learned everything.
( is as happy as happy(形容词)can moth- er thinks I must have a wife，wife(名词)I must have.)
1686 13)最好不要把状语放在两个动词之间，以免意思含糊不清。下面句子都不妥当，需要改正。例如在第一个句子中，如果immediately修饰第一个动词，那它应当放在wrote的前面，反之，如果它修饰第二个动词，它就应当放在 tell the news后面：
I wrote immediately to tell him the news.
I have telephoned to him three times to come.(最好说 I have three times telephoned to him to come.或是说 I have telephoned to him to come three times.)
To inform him immediately I rang him up.(在 immediately之后应加一逗号)
下面例句是正确的：
My son now and then asked(×) to follow me to the earnestly hoped(×) to see kindly suggested(×) taking care of my little candidly admitted(×) having gone out with her boyfriend.(“×”表示状语不宜放的位置。)
1687 14)如果主要动词前有两个助动词，修饰整个句子的副词(特别是频度及肯定副词)要放在两个助动词之间，而修饰主要动词的副词(特别是方式副词)应放在这个动词的前面：
a) Tigers have often been discovered in this area.
You can never have seen such a beautiful place.
He will probably be made President of the Company.
He has surely been punished for his offence.
He may，unfortunately，be killed by robbers.
b) This decision will be publicly announced.
I would have carefully done it，if it had been useful.
He must have seriously considered this matter.
1688 15)要使副词(短语)尽可能靠近它修饰的动词：
We went to deserted village almost ten miles away from the capital yesterday.(不好)
We went yesterday to…capital.(较好)
Yesterday a guest who had come from a distant country called on me.(不好)
A guest…me yesterday.(较好)
Immediately，he told me to leave his house.(不好)
He told me to leave his house immediately.(较好)
1689 16)某些副词，如 only， alone， also， too， even，可能只与某个词有关，应尽量使之靠近这个词：
Only John(n.)(Nobody else) saw Mary there two days ago.
John only saw(v.)Mary(did not talk with her) there two days ago.
John saw only Mary(n.)( not anybody else) there two days ago.
John saw Mary only there(adv.)(not in any other place) two days ago.
John saw Mary there only two days ago(adv-phrase) (not more than two days ago).
He alone( Nobody else) loves her.
He loved her alone( nobody else).
He loves her for her simplicity alone(not for any other reason).
Even John(not only his elder brothers and sisters) writes articles for the newspaper.
John even writes articles for the newspaper(not only does other things less important).
John writes even articles for the newspaper(not only letters， which are easier to write).
John writes articles even for the newspaper(not only for his own school).
Her husband，too(not only she)，spends a lot of money.
Her husband spends a lot of money， too(not only earns so much).
Her husbnad spends a lot of money on dress too(not only on other things).
1690 17)一个包含否定词(或有否定意义的词)的副词(短语)可以放在“助动词+主语+主要动词”的前面来加以强调：
Nowhere can I find a cleaner place.(否定的地点副词或短语)
In no other land do I wish to live and die.
Neither from the north nor from the south does he come.
Only to Asia(=To no other places than Asia) can we export our goods
From the Middle East alone(=From no other areas than the Middle East) does this country obtain its oil.
Not until sixteen had this great writer learned to write.
(否定的时间副词或短语)
Never have I said anything to him.(正确)
No have I said anything to him.(错句，not虽为否定词，都必须用在短语中，不能单独这样用。)
No to anyone have I said anything.(正确)
No sooner had I touch the pillow than I fell asleep.
For only a few(= not many)months could my married life be called happy.
Less than a month have I learned to cook.
No a fig does he care!(程度副词或短语)
If you do not know her，much(even， still)less do I.
If you can't answer the question，no more can I.
Least of all could I kill anyone.
Hardly(or Scarcely)(=Not quite) had he seen me when he called out to me.
Never in all her life has she seen such a handsome man.
(频度副词或短语)
Rarely(or Seldom)(= Not often)did he notice such a matter.
Not infrequently may I get the permission to see the boss.
No longer can I stand his impudence.
By no means must you say that.(方式副词或短语)
Under(or In) no circumstances must anyone violate the rules.
Only by stealing can he make his living.
Only when one has enough to eat can one be honest.(副词+状语从句)
No though you made a request would he agree.
Hardly ever has there been any case like that.(注意there been的位置)
Never will there be any World War Ⅲ.
不过，要是一个短语，虽然包含否定词，却没有否定意义，句子仍用正常语序：
Not long(= A short time)ago I still saw him.(不要说did I still see him.)
Not many(= A few) months later， he came again.
Not infrequently(=Often) he told me the same story.
(也可说 did he tell…)
Not only she agreed，but also her husband said “yes”.
(也可说 Not only did she agree…)
尽管副词(短语)并不是否定的，间或也可有“副词(短语)+助动词+主语+主要动词”这样的语序：
In vain have I written all these articles.
From time to time has he said that，but nobody cares.
Still more was I impressed with her manners.
Many a night did John wait for her at the corner.
Of the fifty students，can only five pass this year.
1691 18)副词(短语)，特别是地点和时间副词(短语)，可以放在表示“存在”、“出现”、“发生”等的不及物动词前面，而主语(第一次出现的东西或加以强调的东西)放在后面(参阅1667 a)，1668 a))：地点副词(短语)：
At the end of the wood stood a church.
By the front door entered three soldiers.
In this beautiful palace lived a king and his daughter.
All around the house grew millions of flowers.
On the grass(there)lay a shepherd.(在状语和不及物动词之间可以加 there，也可不加。)
By the river(there) has a pagoda(短的主语) stood for 101 years.
By the river(there) has stood a pagoda as high as 30 meters.
There happened an accident in this city.(这里的 there 不可省略)
时间副词(短语)：
Soon after this omen began a revolt.
At last came the wedding day.
In 1952 was born one of my daughters.
When father returned from France，there happened(or took place)something strange.(带有状语从句)
Just as they drank merrily，there came a terrible knock at the door.
如果句子主语很长，可以放在不及物动词后面，而把副词(短语)放在动词前面：
In all her splendour appeared the bride followed by two pretty children.
For the sake of justice died hundreds of people who made a peaceful protest.
In such surroundings there was born(= appeared)a man of extraordinary ability，destined to save his nation.(被动语态的动词在语法上相当于一个不及物动词)
In her hands was placed all his being and all his happiness.
There was taken to the mayor a man one hundred and twenty years of age and still in good health.
1692 19)有些副词可以放在几个位置，而有不同的意思：
NOW
I am now(=at this moment)reading a novel.
I am reading a novel now(更为强调).
He lost all his money in (用作连接副词，对前面的话加以解释，或只引起注意)this money he had borrowed from his aunt.
AGAIN
I again(= once more)tried the project.
I tried the project again(更为强调).
He is a scientist，and again(=besides，用作连接副词)he knows seven languages.
SO
I told him so(= the same thing).
It is raining，so(= therefore，用作连接副词)I can't go out.
INDEED
He knows a lot of things indeed(用来加强语气).
He is，indeed(系动词 be之后)，the best man I know.
Indeed(和 but连用)， he knows a lot of things，but he is selfish.
ONLY
I can tell you only(放在宾语前面)this(= nothing else than this).
He is very kind，only(= yet，用作连接副词)he doesn't know how to talk.
ONCE
I have been there once(= one time，on one occasion).
He once(= formerly)lived in the country.
Once(= after one time，用作连接副词)I visited the place，I could recognize all the streets.
YET
He has not yet(= till now)come.
He has studied English five years， yet(= but) he is unable to write letter
