经济学双语版阅读精选英文带翻译
经济永远是不退潮流的一个热门话题，有关经济学的英文语录你看过哪些呢。下面本站小编为大家带来精选的经济学双语版阅读，欢迎大家阅读学习。
Some moderately good news in the news industry
新闻业的好消息
IN FEBRUARY Vice, a media firm that caters to youngsters who like their news with a dollop ofsass and hip-hop, toured the opulent residence of the ousted president of Ukraine, ViktorYanukovych, and posted the video online. “It looks like a weird dictatorship theme park,” thesardonic reporter told the camera. A new report by the Pew Research Centre, a think-tank,finds that a third of Americans now watch news videos online, about as many as say they watchnews on cable television. Among those aged 18-29, around half do.
传媒公司Vice迎合年轻人的口味播报充满狂言妄语的新闻及嘻哈音乐。今年二月，该传媒公司的记者参观了已被罢黜的乌克兰总统亚努科维奇豪宅并将视频传到了网上。“这个地方就像一个怪异的独裁主题公园”记者颇具讽刺性地对着摄像机说道。智库皮尤研究中心最近发表了一个新的报告，该报道显示近三分之一的美国人在网上看视频新闻，约近乎三分之一的人称他们在有线电视上看新闻。在那些18-29岁的年轻人中，近一半的人在网上看新闻。
In years past Pew's “State of the News Media” reports have been sombre, chronicling theevisceration of jobs and the gutting of news budgets. This year, however, Pew sounded moreoptimistic, pointing to the slew of digital-news services, such as Vice's online news channel,that have sprung up recently. Around 5,000 full-time jobs have been created at 468 digital-news firms, according to Pew. Many online-news firms have hired high-profile journalists awayfrom big publications, such as the New York Times and Washington Post, and are launchingbureaus around the world (although not nearly as many as have been shuttered bynewspapers).
在过去的几年，皮尤中心有关“新闻媒体的状况”的报告都是阴郁的，长久以来都是老生常谈的就业问题和新预算。但是今年，皮尤似乎更为乐观，指出数字新闻服务局势的回转，比如说Vice在线新闻频道，最近如雨后春笋一般冒出来。根据皮尤的数据，468家数字新闻公司已经创造了近5000个全职岗位。许多在线新闻公司从大型出版社挖墙脚，雇了许多高知名度的记者，如纽约时报级华盛顿邮报，并在全球广设分局(尽管并非很多由于纸质新闻业而惨遭关闭)。
Digital news firms used to do little besides rehashing traditional newspapers'stories. Now theyare starting to feature more original articles. Last year Business Insider, a business-news site,ran a profile of Marissa Mayer, the boss of Yahoo. At 23,000 words, it was as long as a novella. “Online you can afford to do that. In a magazine you'd go broke,” says Henry Blodget, the bossof Business Insider. Buzz Feed, which used to be known for casting out “click bait” online, nowclaims around 170 full-time staff, including a Pulitzer-prize winner, Mark Schoofs, who has beenhired to run a new investigative team.
数字新闻公司过去除了重复传统新闻报纸的故事之外很少写自己的东西。而现在他们正开始创作更多原创的文章。去年，商业新闻网站“财经内幕”就写了一篇文章概述雅虎的老板玛丽莎·梅耶尔，该文章字数达到2.3万，已然是一部中篇小说了。“你可以在网上这么做，若是在杂志上你就直接破产了”，该杂志的老板亨利·布洛杰特声称。Buzz Feed，曾经因网上清楚“点击诱惑”而闻名，现拥有约170名全职员工，其中包括普利策奖获奖者Mark Schoofs，他目前负责一个新闻调查组。
Lower costs explain why so many digital news firms, like Silicon Valley start-ups, are launchingtoday. Ken Doctor, a newspaper analyst, reckons it costs as little as $5m to start a “credible”digital news offering. Financiers and philanthropists are investing in news: eBay founder PierreOmidyar put $250m into a new non-profit, First Look Media. All this has injected hope into abeleaguered industry. Last month Marc Andreessen, a venture capitalist, predicted thatjournalism may “be entering into a new golden age” and that the news industry would growten- or a hundredfold.
低成本运行解释了为什么现在如此之多的新闻公司就像硅谷的暴发户一般地崛起。新闻分析人肯·多科特回想当时打造可靠的数字新闻产品仅需500万美元。现在金融家和慈善家都在投资新闻：易趣网创始人皮尔斯·奥米戴尔投资了2,5亿元运营一个新的非盈利网站First Look Media。所有的这些为这个四面楚歌的行业注入了一缕希望。上个月，风险资本家Andreessen预测新闻业将“进入一个新的黄金期”并且新闻业的利润将增长十倍甚至百倍。
Journalism is at least becoming more participatory. Pew finds that around half of social-mediausers share news articles or videos, and comment on them. Around 7% of American adultshave posted their own news video to a social network, or submitted one to an establishednews site. Interactive features are doing particularly well. Last year the New York Times's mostpopular “article” was a quiz in which people could test whether they spoke more like a LosAngeleno or a Louisianan.
至少现在新闻业变得越来越具参与度了。皮尤研究中心发现近乎一半的社交媒介用户分享新闻视频和文章并且在上面发表评论。约7%的美国成年人将他们自己的新闻视频传到社交网站，或转交至已存在的新闻网站。交互式的特写做的尤其出色。去年，纽约时报最受欢迎的文章是一个小测试，通过该测试人们可以知道他们的口音是更像洛杉矶人还是更像路易斯安娜人。
Some positive news is welcome, but newsrooms continue to bleed jobs (see chart). The rise ofdigital-media firms has done little to restore local news coverage, which has suffered with theclosure of many local papers. Digital-news firms'long-form narratives and investigativejournalism may grab attention, but they are unlikely to compensate for projects that willnever take place again in old newsrooms because of budgetary woes.
积极的新闻总是受欢迎的，但是新闻编辑室持续削减全职编辑(见图)。数字媒体公司的崛起为重建本地新闻报道做的事少之又少，当地许多报刊倒闭。数字新闻公司长篇的叙事手法以及调查性新闻或许能吸引读者的眼球，但是他们依然不能弥补那些由于预算困难而不再恢复其在新闻编辑室的位置。
Facebook users may be reading news, but they spend on average only a minute and a half on anews site each month if they come from Facebook, about a third of the time that visitors spendif they go to a newspaper's site directly. And digital video may be growing, but its advertisingonly accounts for around 10% of all digital ad revenues, and viewing growth has slowed. Eventelevision news is not having an easy time. In 2013 the three big cable news channels—CNN,Fox and MSNBC—lost around 11% of their combined audience during prime-time. The newsindustry today resembles Newton's third law of motion, says Amy Mitchell, Pew's director ofjournalism research: for every action, there is an equally strong reaction. The momentummight have shifted online, but gravity is still pulling everyone down to earth.
脸谱网的用户或许在读新闻，但是如果消息来自脸谱网，他们平均一个月花一分半钟看新闻，若他们直接进入新闻网网页，访客花费的时间约占三分之一。数字视频或有增长，但是其广告收入仅占所有数字广告收入的10%，并且据观察增长已放缓。即便是电视新闻日子也不好过。2013年，三大新闻频道，美国有线新闻网、福克斯和微软全国有线广播电视新闻公司黄金时间流失了约11%的共同观众。今天的新闻业与牛顿的第三运动定律很像，皮尤新闻调查中心的主任Amy Mitchell如是道，每一步都会有同等强烈的反应。新闻业的发展势头或许已经转向了网络，但是重力作用依然在将人们往地上拽。
经济学双语版阅读精选：新边境之战Missouri calls for an economic truce with Kansas
密苏苏里提出与肯萨斯达成经济休战协定
I hear the tax breaks are good in Kansas
听说肯萨斯州有好的税收减免政策
MISSOURI and Kansas are old rivals. In the 1850s thousands of Missourians rode into Kansas,seized polling stations at gunpoint and fraudulently elected pro-slavery candidates. The effortsof these “border ruffians” were a prelude to the civil war.
密苏苏里和肯萨斯是一对老冤家。在1850年代，千万密苏苏里人涌入肯萨斯州，抢占他们枪口下的投票站，公然欺骗地投选支持奴隶制的候选人。这些边境恶棍的努力同样阻止了内战的爆发。
Today the rivalry is less bloody. Both states offer tax incentives to lure in companies fromelsewhere. Because they share a large metropolitan region, Kansas City, many firms qualifyfor such breaks simply by shifting a mile or two over the border.
如今的对抗少了点血腥。双方都拿出税费刺激计划，吸引四面八方的公司。由于大都市肯萨斯城横跨两州，许多公司为了有资格拿到这样的税收减免，会通常把公司移一两英里跨过边界。
Looking at the biggest type of sweetener, the Hall Family Foundation, a charity, estimates thatover the past five years the two state governments have forgone $217m in taxes. Some 3,289jobs have been tempted across the metropolitan border to Kansas; Missouri has won 2,824jobs back. Kansas can therefore claim to be “winning”. But local reports suggest that CBIZ, aKansan consulting firm, is considering moving to Missouri; that would erase this lead.
霍尔家族基金会慈善组织推测，在过去的五年间，两州政府分别放弃了2亿1700万的税收。肯萨斯州吸引了大约3289个职位，密苏苏里州则抢到了2824个，因此肯萨斯可以说是胜利的一方。但当地媒体表示，肯萨咨询公司CBIZ有意移到密苏苏里州，如果一旦成功，领先将会不复存在。
None of this border-ruffianry creates new jobs. Locals gripe that when, for example, AMCTheatre recently moved its headquarters out of downtown Kansas City, Missouri, its staff simplyhad a longer commute to work. Sly James, the mayor of Kansas City, Missouri, describes thenew border war as “short-sighted”. Kevin Collison, a reporter for the Kansas City Star, calls it“cannibalistic”.
边境恶棍们并没有创造新的就业机会。当地人抱怨称，最近AMC电影院从密苏苏里肯萨斯城市中心迁走时，只不过它的员工们花费在上下班的时间更长了些。该市市长斯莱·詹姆斯认为这是一场没有远见的边境之战。肯萨斯城星光的一名记者Kevin Collision称之为自相残杀。
A few years ago local business leaders from 17 companies, including Sprint and Hallmark Cards,wrote to Jay Nixon, the governor of Missouri, and Sam Brownback, his counterpart in Kansas,to warn them that the rift was harming the area. In the past month, a truce has started tolook likelier. Majorities in the Missouri House and Senate have approved versions of a bill thatwould bar incentives for businesses near the border to hop over it. The catch, though, is thatthis law will go into effect only if Kansas reciprocates. There is a two-year window for a deal tobe done.
几年前，包括来自Sprint和Hallmark Cards在内的当地17家公司的总裁们向密苏苏里州长杰·尼克森联同肯萨斯州州长萨姆·布朗巴克写信警告这种裂痕正危害着这个地方。过去数月里，双方好像可以签署一份休战协定。多数密苏苏里议员同意签署一项法案旨在禁止边界贸易刺激方案。然而该方案有一缺陷，要想该法案有效，必须得到肯萨斯州同样的做法。在达成协议之前有两年的窗口期。
Missouri Senator Ryan Silvey, a Republican who is sponsoring the Senate version of the bill,says he is confident the House will soon pick up and pass his version. Over in Kansas, MrBrownback is guardedly optimistic. He says he has thought for some time that “ceasefirenegotiations” were needed, and that this bill is a “necessary condition for us to negotiate”. MrBrownback says that ceasefire discussions ought to consider all the tools used to encourageeconomic development on both sides of the border. These would include income and propertytaxes.
密苏苏里州民主党议员莱恩·希尔威尔支持这项法案，他表示对国会审议通过这样法案有信心。而肯萨斯州方面，布朗巴克对此保持着谨慎的乐观，他说停火谈判的必要性已经在他脑子里有一段时间了，这部法案为我们谈判提供了必要的条件。停火谈判应该考虑边界双方共同的经济发展刺激方式。这其中就包括财产和所得税。
It is difficult to understand why either state would want to continue throwing money at ascheme that benefits only the companies that move. Mr Silvey explains: “When people feel likethey are locked in competition they just want to win, even when the competition is stupid.”Since Missouri's annual budget is $26 billion to Kansas's $14 billion, some Missourians ask whytheir state does not simply outspend its neighbour to win the war. Mr Silvey says that if anagreement is not reached in the next few years, his colleagues will want to “go with bothbarrels” and steal more business from Kansas. Move quickly Kansas, or the border ruffians mayyet ride again.
我们仍然弄不清楚，为什么苏肯两州会继续撒钱来支持只有迁移的企业才会受益的方案。希尔威尔解释道，当人们感觉到自己受困于竞争，他们总是很想赢，尽管这是一场傻傻的斗。相比140亿美元的年度预算，密苏苏里州每年有达260亿美元预算。一些密苏苏里人问，为什么就不能仅仅靠相对高的预算来赢得胜利。他指出，如果未来几年内仍达成协议，他的同僚们会带着枪，从肯萨斯州抢些生意。肯萨斯快快行动!边境恶棍又要来了!
经济学双语版阅读精选：政界金权The justices open the door to more campaign contributions
法院为竞选赞助敞开大门
SHAUN McCUTCHEON, a businessman from Alabama, wanted to give a symbolic $1,776 to 28Republican candidates for Congress in 2012. Because of federal limits imposed after theWatergate scandal, Mr McCutcheon was allowed to donate this sum only to 16 campaigns. OnApril 2nd, however, the Supreme Court ruled that he can get his chequebook out again. InMcCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission, the justices voted 5-4 to strike down two“aggregate caps” on campaign contributions, leaving “base limits” of $2,600 per candidate,per election intact. Where individuals had been limited to total contributions of $48,600 tocandidates for federal office and $74,600 to political parties and political-action committees,they can now give as much as they like.
2012年，亚拉巴马州的商人肖恩·麦克卡森曾想为竞选国会议员的28位共和党人象征性捐赠1776美金。但由于水门事件后强制实行联邦限度，麦克卡森只得用这笔款项资助了16场竞选。然而，根据最高法院4月2日的裁决，他又可以拿出支票簿来了。在麦克卡森起诉联邦选举委员会一案中，众法官以5:4的投票比例，最终取消了竞选献金的两处“总限额”，只对每名候选人一次全程竞选作2600美金的“基本上限”要求。相比过去，联邦政府部门的候选人所能接受个人捐款上限为48600美金，政党和政治行动委员会的上限则为74600美金;如今个人捐款已不再受限了。
“There is no right more basic in our democracy,” Chief Justice John Roberts wrote in thecourt's plurality opinion, “than the right to participate in electing our political leaders.” TheFirst Amendment's freedom-of-speech guarantee includes the right to “contribute to acandidate's campaign.” So although “money in politics may at times seem repugnant tosome,” it is entitled to “vigorous” protection. It is unconstitutional, Mr Roberts wrote, to“restrict the political participation of some in order to enhance the relative influence ofothers.”
“我国民主政治中最基本的一项权利，”首席法官约翰·罗伯茨在法庭多数意见书中写道，“就是参与政治领导人选举。”第一修正案中的言论自由权规定了“为候选人竞选捐款。因此，尽管“政界金权有时会引起某些人的反感，”但这一权利有着“有力”保障。罗伯茨还写道，“为了提升某些人的相对影响力而限制其他人的政治参与”不合宪法规定。
The only good reason to curb campaign donations, the Court ruled, is to prevent caps on donations to individual candidates make sense: a “financial quid pro quo”, orappearance thereof, taints a $1m cheque to someone running for Congress. But if it is lawfulto give $1,776 to one candidate, or 16, it is odd to argue that the same sum would corruptthe 17th recipient, or the 400th. “The Government may no more restrict how manycandidates or causes a donor may support,” Chief Justice Roberts wrote, “than it may tell anewspaper how many candidates it may endorse.”
根据法庭判决，预防腐败是唯一条限制竞选捐款的充分理由。这样一来，制定候选人的个人受捐总限额就合乎情理了：若是让国会议员候选人另外寻求一样补偿，或是让其支付公开露面的费用，他们便会脏了好好一张百万支票。但若是法律允许候选人个人接收1776美金，或允许16位候选人接收1776美金，第17个人或是第400个人就不会脏了这笔钱。“政府不可对捐赠方资助的候选人人数或事业项数作限制，”首席法官罗伯茨写道，“也不可在新闻中透露捐赠方所支持的候选人人数。”
In dissent, Justice Stephen Breyer and three other liberal justices argued that the rulingundervalues the “integrity of our governmental institutions”. Together with the CitizensUniteddecision of 2010, Mr Breyer charged, McCutcheon “eviscerates our Nation's campaign-finance laws, leaving a remnant incapable of dealing with the grave problems ofdemocratic legitimacy that those laws were intended to resolve.” The majority fails tounderstand what donor dollars can buy, fumed Mr Breyer. “The d by the risk ofspecial access and influence,” he wrote, “remains real.”
斯蒂芬·布雷耶同其他自由派法官对此表示饭随，他们声称这一裁决低估了“美国政府机构的廉正”。布雷耶以2010年出台的《公民联合决议》为据，起诉麦克卡森“一棍子打倒了美国竞选筹款法，该法旨在解决的民主合法性之严峻问题自此滞而无解。”布雷耶怒斥多数派没能理解捐赠方的手中的金权。“这一威胁…由特殊渠道和特殊影响造成，”他如是写道，“它一直存在着”。
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