金融英语阅读 保证金及利息

保证金是指买方或卖方按照交易市场规定标准交纳的资金，专门用于订单交易的结算和履行约定的保证。接下来小编为大家整理了金融英语阅读--保证金及利息，希望对你有帮助哦!

　　一、Margin保证金

Margin allows investors to buy securities with money borrowed from brokers or banks. It is calculated based on the difference between the market value of the stock and the loan made by the lender. The extension of credit to customers for securities transactions in the U.S. is regulated by: the Federal Reserve Board,the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), and individual firms. The Federal reserve regulates the amount ofmoney that a broker may lend to a customer through Regulation T (Reg T). Although Reg T allows for the extension of margin credit for any listed security,most brokerage firms have more strict lending rules and will not lend for the purchase of low-priced (penny stock) securities.

投资者可以通过保证金从经纪人或银行借款来购买证券。保证金的计算取决于股票的市场价值和贷款的差异。美国的联邦储备局，纽约证券交易所，全美证券交易商协会和个别公司共同规定证券客户的信贷延展问题。美联储通过法规T来限制经纪人对客户的贷款数额。虽然法规T允许对一些保证金账户延展信贷，但大多数证券经纪公司对贷款有更严格的规定并且不会贷款给客户来购买低价股票。

　　二、Interest利息

Interest is the cost of using money. The interest rate paid is usually expressed in annual terms though money market instruments may have a shorter term than one year. An interest rate is determined by dividing the amount of interest paid by the principal amount borrowed. For example, if a $1000 bond pays $85 in interest for one year, the annual interest rate is 8.5 percent. In the U.S. some interestbearing bonds, such as municipals, entitle the bearer to an exemption from certain taxes on interest income. The interest paid by a company on its outstanding debt as well as the interest paid by a homeowner on his/her mortgage, is deductible from income as an expense and so can reduce the amount of tax owed.

利息是使用货币的成本。利率的支付形式通常以年为期限，虽然金融市场票据会有一个更短的时间。利率的制定取决于借款本金所划分的利息。举个例子，如果1,000美元的债券每年支付85美元那么年利率就是8.5%.美国有一些有息债券，如政府债券，它允许持有人在利息收益上有一定的免税。公司未偿债务和按揭住房的屋主需支付的利息可以作为一项费用减少他们的应交税金。