高考英语任务型阅读题
高考英语任务型阅读题Type 1
1
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White-collar workers going to great lengths for stress relief
A soldier of the South Korean special attack corps paints his eyes during a friendly Taekwondo match at a South Korean Army Base in Pochon, north of Seoul.
Stressed out white-collar workers are scaling(攀登) skyscrapers, camping out on rooftops, smashing up restaurants, pretending to be children and even visiting cemeteries in a bid to relieve the pressure of modern life.
As the country's economy continues to steam ahead, once popular forms of entertainment, such as karaoke, card games and even boxing bars, appear to be losing their appeal.
Consider the members of Shanghai's Cat Rain club. By day, this group of young women works executive jobs, but by night they climb buildings so they can spend the night on the roof.
"It's a good way to release our pressure. You feel relaxed when you're sitting on the roof, looking up to the sky and chatting with intimate(亲密的)friends," said Gong Ying, 25.
The stress of work is not just limited to people in Shanghai.
A recently opened restaurant in Beijing encourages customers to smash plates - as long as they are willing to pay to replace them.
Though there has been some debate about the extravagance(奢侈)of such services, some psychologists say the activity reflects the desire of some white-collar workers to vent their angst.
Some workers even appear eager to return to their childhoods. This May, hundreds of people took part in a festival in which adults pretended to be children. It was an adults-only event, and participants could read comics and eat sweets all day.
Scenic places such as parks and rivers can also help people relax and put things in perspective. But a cemetery?
Cemetery companies in Shanghai organized visits to local graveyards for stressed-out workers in March. The participants were taken to quiet spots in the cemetery where they could contemplate(考虑、打算)life and their futures.
Roof-camper Chen Bin, an IT marketing professional, said she had camped out on a rooftop about 30 times. When she's not sleeping out under the stars, she also has several other adrenalin-fueled interests, such as downhill racing and paragliding.
"Pressure may bring us distress, but it doesn't mean we can't find ways out," Chen says. "Life should be imaginative."
| White-collar workers going to great lengths for ___1___ relief |
| Old entertainment becomes less popular. Once ___2___ forms of entertainment, such as Karaoka, card games and boxing bars, which were popular in the ___3___, appear to be losing their appeal. |
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Do you raise salmon (鲑鱼) in your classroom at school? Do you ever have class while floating down a river in a canoe? Do you ever throw your school lunch leftovers into a compost (混合肥料) bin when you are finished? They are all part of a regular school day at Barnard Environmental Studies Magnet School in New Haven, Connecticut. Known as a “green” school, Barnard attracts students from all over the region who are interested in environmental studies.
“We do Earth Day all the year round,” said Marjorie Drucker, Barnard’s Magnet Resource teacher. With the school’s special classes, its 325 students study the environment all day long. “Being green means that everything in the building is designed with the environment in mind,” Drucker told Scholastic News. For example, the lights go off when people leave the room, and special windows provide “passive light”, cutting down on the need for electric lighting. When a window is open, the air-conditioning automatically turns off.
Conserving energy is not all that students do to help the environment. While learning about the dying salmon population in the Connecticut rivers, students also do something to help out---- they raise more salmon. In the classrooms there are fish tanks containing salmon eggs. The eggs are kept in water at two degrees Celsius. After the eggs hatch, students observe the baby salmon through all the stages of development, and then release the adult salmon into Connecticut rivers.
Composting is another part of taking care of the environment at Barnard Students deal with their lunches by throwing the remaining food into a compost bin in a greenhouse. The compost is used to help grow plants.
At Barnard, almost everything has to do with the environment. Students sing songs about the environment; their artworks have something to do with the environment; even their math classes are focused on protecting the environment.
Barnard offers chances that students can’t get in a regular school. The school’s goal is to teach children to be good environmental role models. They also learn to live in a different way. To attend the school, students have to apply and express their interest in protecting the environment. “Students come here because they care about the environment,” said Drucker.
| They learn to live in a different way. |
| It is (10) ____that they become good environmental role models. |
| Behaving: They deal with leftover food for the use of (7) ____ plants grow better. They sing, dance, as well as have lessons (8) ____ protecting the environment. |
| Conserving energy: The power is cut (2)____ when they don’t use electrical equipment in the building, unnecessary waste (3) ____. |
| All (1) _____ the students do in everyday life are related to protecting environment. |
| Barnard Environmental Studies Magnet School |
| (4) ____ the balance of nature: Small creatures like salmon are (5)____ carefully so that when their number becomes (6) ____, they are put into nature. |
| (9) ____ from the students in a regular school, they have more chances. |
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When people talk about the civilization of ancient Babylon, the Hanging Gardens must be brought into their discussion. It was not until the reign (统治时期) of Naboplashar (625—605 BC) of the Neo-Babylonian Dynasty that the Babylonian civilization reached its top honor. The ancient city of Babylon must have been a wonder to travelers. Nebuchadnezzar II (604---562 BC), son of Naboplashar, then came to power and ruled for 43 years. It is he who is believed to have built the legendary Hanging Gardens. The Gardens were built to please his homesick wife. She found the dry, flat ground of Mesopotamia boring. In the place where she grew up, there was green grass and mountainous plains. The King wanted to recreate her homeland.
A lot of people still believe in the existence of the Hanging Gardens, despite the fact that most descriptions of the Gardens come from Greek historians while Babylonian records remain silent on the Hanging Gardens. Even the historians who gave detailed descriptions of the Hanging Gardens never saw them.
Modern historians argue that it was Alexander’s soldiers that made up the story. When they reached the rich land and saw Babylon, they were impressed with the beautiful scenery. When they later returned to their poor homeland, they told about the amazing gardens in Babylon. And it was the imagination of poets and ancient historians that mixed up all these elements to produce one of the world’s wonders.
Some of the mysteries surrounding the Hanging Gardens were not solved until the twentieth century. Archaeologists are still struggling to gather enough evidence before reaching the final conclusions about the location of the Gardens, their water supplying system, and their true appearance. Some recent researchers even suggest that the Hanging Gardens were built by Senaherib who ruled 100 years earlier than Nebuchadnezzar II did.
| The Hanging Gardens |
| Nebuchadnezzar II is believed to (2) ____ built the legendary Hanging Gardens during his rule of ancient Babylon for 43 years. |
| To please his homesick wife, he wanted to recreate her homeland, (3) ____ there was green grass and mountainous plains. |
| Many people feel certain that there (4) ____ the Hanging Gardens, though no historians saw them and Greek (5) ____ than Babylonian historians described them. |
| Modern historians held the opinion that it is the story made up by Alexander’s soldier (6) ____ from Babylon. |
| The Gardens was (7) ____ by poets and historians according to what the soldiers told about Babylon. |
| It was in the twentieth century (8) ____ some mysteries about the Hanging Gardens were solved. |
| Archaeologists are still trying to collect evidence to decide where the Gardens was and what it looked (9) ____. |
| Some studies show that the Hanging Gardens were built by Senaberib in about (10) ____. |
| The Hanging Gardens must have been one of the world’s wonders and is (1) ____ discussion. |
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"Throw me something. Mister! Throw me something, Mister!" Thousands of people are waiting for the parade to pass them by and for someone to throw them a cup, some beads, or some candy. Welcome to New Orleans, USA. Welcome to Mardi Gras. Mardi Gras is a holiday celebrated in the South of the U. S. The name of the festival, Mardi Gras, is French and means "Fat Tuesday". Mardi Gras is celebrated on a Tuesday between February 3 and March 9, always 47 days before Easter Sunday. During Mardi Gras, people like to dress up in colorful and unusual costumes, and of course, watch parades in the streets. The official colors of Mardi Gras are purple, green and gold. Mardi Gras is celebrated for two weeks before Fat Tuesday and people from all over the world come to watch the festival.
| Facts | Inference |
| Mardi Gras is the name of the 1 _____________________. | Here Mister is the man in charge of giving out 6 ________________. . |
| Mardi Gras falls on 2________________. . | Mardi Gras probably originates from 7 ______________________. |
| Mardi Gras is 3 __________________in the South of USA. | Some ancestors of the parades were probably 8 _____________________. |
| People usually dress up in colorful and unusual 4 _______________________. | The official colors are based on 9 __________________ customs |
| The formal colors of Mardi Gras are 5 ____________________, green and gold. | "Fat Tuesday" means people can enjoy themselves with big 10 _________________. |
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Host family accommodation, or living with host families, remains popular among language travel students for its advantages. These days, host families are trying to offer more in terms of quality, for they still have something to worry about.
Host family accommodation is often seen as the number-one choice for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host families enables students to get enough practice for the short time of their studying so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host families also has the advantage for students of being able to spend a lot of time communicating with their “host parents”, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students for it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost.
The advantages, however, have not prevented host families from worrying. On one hand, some host families are losing their unique selling point. The problem is that the majority of hosts in big cites, now generally single and young, have less times available for students but the selling point for host family accommodation is communication practice. One the other hand, students’ expectations have risen. They are becoming more demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation, as they come mainly from high socio-economic groups in their own countries.
To get out of the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service. They are trying to making living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom, and access to plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structured family activities.
It is believed that host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with language travel students.
| Host Family Accommodation | |||||
| Host families are (1) ____ the accommodation quality. | Host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with students. | ||||
| Advantages | Problems | (2) ____ | |||
| Language study: (3) ____ students learn faster (4) ____ in the short time they spend. | Cultural communication: It is more (5) ____ for students to communicate and learn things of the local place. | Cost of (6) ____: Sometimes it is the best way for students to spend (7) ____. | Loss of selling point: Hosts lack (8) ____ time for students. | Rise in (9) ____: What students demand is more now. | Service quality improvement: Hosts are (10) ____ living conditions and organizing structured family activities |
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Wondering how many calories the banana cream pie on your plate has? Some Japanese have a novel way to find out: Photograph it with a cellphone and send the image to an expert. With cellphones becoming common in Japan and rising concern over expanding waistlines, health-care providers will allow the calorie-conscious people to send photos of their meals to nutritionists (营养学家) for advice.
Public health insurance offices in Osaka in Western Japan have launched the service on a trial basis. About 100 cardiac (心脏病的) patients signed up in the first year, followed by diabetes and obesity patients in the second. “Japanese have been getting fatter, especially men in their 20s and 30s. There is concern over what they learned about nutrition when they were younger,” the Osaka official, Satomi Onishi, said. “We’re hoping that this program can help us deal with the problem.”
Osaka is using a system developed by Asahi Kasei Corp. The system is operating among about 150 health-care providers and local governments around the country Nutritionists can work with photos from one day’s meals to several weeks’ worth. Results come back in three days. People can also log on a website to get further information.
Dr Yutaka Kimura has developed a similar system at Kansai Medical University’s Hirakata Hospital, also in Osaka. Five patients have taken part in the programme, which costs $37 to join and $21 per month. Patients photograph meals over the course of three to seven days, and a nutritionist e-mails advice to them. “Patients used to fill in meal logs, but people tend to forget things or underestimate (低估) their portions (份),” Kimura said. “Photographing meals and e-mailing them can be easier and get more accurate results.”
As Japanese have turned to bigger portions and more meat and fried foods, obesity and related illnesses such as high blood pressure have become a rising concern. The Health Ministry estimated last year that more than half of Japanese men and about one in five women between 40 and 70 years old were at the increased risk of heart disease, type II diabetes and other diseases because of obesity. With the Health Ministry hoping to see a 25% reduction in the number of people at the risk of these diseases by 2015, Osaka officials hope the cellphone program will help.
| New function of cellphones | |||||
| Reasons | Cellphone cameras help Japanese lose (1) _____. | ||||
| There is a growing concern about health and (2) _____ slim. | Obesity may result (3) _____ diseases such as high pressure, heart disease, type II diabetes and so on. | They hope the cellphone programme will help to (4) _____ the number of people who are at the risk of these diseases. | Ways | ||
| The service on a trial basis has been started to solve the problem of (5) _____ fat. | A system has been developed in which the value in (6) ______ is told 3 days later according to the photos of meals (7) _____ with cellphones. | Another system has also developed in which advice is (9) _____ to patients after a nutritionist gets (10)_____ amount of nutrition from the photographed meals over the course of three to seven days. | |||
| Further information can be got by (8) _____ on a website. | |||||
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Quality after-school programs are designed to improve academic performance, decrease youth crimes and other high-risk behaviors, and help young people grow into healthy, successful adults.
The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear. Studies show that students who take part in such programs show better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have fewer absences and are less likely to blame. After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behavior. Various studies show decreased rates of crime, drug use, and teen sex among youth who join in well-run after-school programs when compared to similar youth who do not. Finally, after-school programs play an important role in supporting the following fields of development: physical development, mental development and social development. Thus, one can safely say that after-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society.
Although there is enough proof from both small and large assessments that after-school programs can make a positive difference, it is important to note that not all programs are equal. First, dosage (时量) matters ---- young people who attend the most hours over the most years benefit more than members who attend less often or over a shorter period of time. Next, after-school programs make bigger difference for those students who need help most and have the fewest choices. Finally, program qualities matter. After-school programs work best when they create unique opportunities for youth. They should provide opportunities for positive relationships, skill building, meaningful involvement (参与), expression, suggestion, service, and work. Staff characteristics make an important difference in the quality of a program. The adults should treat youth as partners, create safe and fair environments, encourage personalized (个性化的) involvement, and actively create learning opportunities. In short, although after-school programs have promising future, how they are designed and run matters.
| Quality after-school programs | |||||
| Apart from making academic performance (1) ____, quality after-school programs are started for other (2) ____. | (3) ____ a positive difference after-school programs make, we should note that not all programs are equal. | ||||
| Quality after-school programs help youth become contributing members of society (4) ____. | Students benefit (8) ____ because the time they attend is different. | Not all students are the same. | Some of the opportunities (9) ____ are positive, (10) ____ others not. | ||
| Students taking part in the programs form better habits (5) ____ greater progress in study. | There is a (6) ____ in the number of high-risk teen behavior as a result of after-school programs. | Quality after-school programs (7) ____ well in supporting all-around development. | |||
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People say teenagers are no good. They make too much noise in shopping malls; they drive recklessly up and down America’s main streets; they carry chips on their shoulders as big as the Sears Tower. And at least some of the time those things are true. But we shouldn’t forget that there are hard moments in the life of a teenager too.
I watched such a moment not long ago at a woman’s funeral (葬礼). I didn’t expect the event to affect me. Through much of the ceremony, in fact, I remained unmoved.
Then her teenage grandson stepped forward. With his very first deep breath, every heart in that church was achingly reminded of something we had all forgotten. Softly he began: “I want to share a few values that Nana taught me. She never failed to see light in any situation. When our family dog would literally attract her, what would Nana say? ‘Oh, what beautiful markings that dog has.’ That was Nana.
“She was a strong woman who often lived in the shadow of my grandpa, who was a successful businessman in this city. But she was the one behind the scenes who provided the strength and support for Grandpa’s career,” he said, with a voice now trembling. “That was Nana’s way.”
Through a muffled sob, he continued. “Whenever she did anything worth recognition, you’d have to hear about it from a different source, because she was never one to brag.”
Finally, in a voice breaking free of sorrow, he looked up and said, “Nana taught me courage. She put up an incredible fight to the end, when she died peacefully, which is how she lived her life. That was Nana’s way, and I hope I can carry on in the same manner.”
There are no hearts as sensitive as those of teenagers, because everything is happening to them for the first time. The trouble with teenagers is that they haven’t learned to be controlled.
When that boy rose to speak about the woman who surely had been his truest ally and dearest friend, his honest voice dragged each of us out into the open where we could no longer hide in the calm ritual. He exposed us to the truth about this very real woman who believed in a boy who probably tried the patience of many adults. He reminded us that his grandmother was more than another dot on the chart of life and death.
All over again we felt those powerful losses crisscrossing our own hearts, and we knew that when you say good-bye to a beloved grandparent, you say good-bye to something happy, something young in yourself. And that something never really returns, and the pain never really goes away.
| Teenagers | |||||
| According to the passage, people don’t think (1) _________ of teenagers. | |||||
| I seldom felt (2) ________at a funeral. But from the boy’s speech, I know his grandmother had great (3) _________ on the boy when she was alive. | This time at the funeral, the author felt great differently. | ||||
| She would always found something (4) _______ even in some unpleasant situation. | She was a respectful woman who never (5) ________ off her talent in (6) ________. | She had a strong will and would never (7) ______ her career till she died. | The author was in deep (8) ______ at the moving situation. | The author has changed his (9) ________ on teenagers through this funeral ceremony. | The only problem with the young is that they can’t (10)________ themselves well. |
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People unhappy with the rich: Poll
There is growing dissatisfaction toward rich people, according to a new online poll. The poll by the China Youth Daily in collaboration(与…合作) with has highlighted the apparent discontent (不满)over the country's widening income gap. Nearly 8,000 people filled in online questionnaires last week, and when asked to use three words to describe society's rich, the top responses were "extravagant"(奢侈的), "greedy" and "corrupt"t 57 percent of those polled said that "extravagant" was the best word to describe the rich, followed closely by "greedy"ically, despite their dissatisfaction, 93 percent of those polled wished they could be rich too, and that richer people should be "socially responsible" 33 percent of respondents also praised rich people for being "smart"ly 90 percent of respondents agreed that most people in society, including themselves, were willing to speak up for the poor but were reluctant to take action and actually do something for survey comes on the heels of a heated debate over comments made by renowned economist Mao Yushi, who said he was "speaking for the rich and working for the poor".A report released by the Asian Development Bank last Wednesday revealed that China's Gini coefficient - an indicator of the wealth divide - rose from 0.407 in 1993 to 0.473 in 2004.
An earlier CASS report said that the richest 10 percent of Chinese families now own more than 40 percent of all private assets, while the poorest 10 percent share less than 2 percent of the total country's income disparity(悬殊) is close to that of Latin America, the report which came out in January, said.
| Theme | People unhappy with the rich |
| The poll by China Daily | Nearly 8,000 people filled in（1）_____ on the （2）_____last week. There is an（3） _____ dissatisfaction tendency toward rich people. Ironically, in （4）_____ of their dissatisfaction, 93 percent of the polled wished they could be rich too, and rich people should take “（5）______ responsibility”. （6）______ ,Mao Yushi, said he was “speaking for the rich and working for the poor.” |
| A report （7）______ by the Asian Development Bank | The richest 10 percent of Chinese families now on more than 40 percent of all （8）_____ assets, while the poorest 10 percent （9）_____ for less than 2 percent of the total wealth. The country’s income disparity is close to that of Latin America, the report came out in （10）______. |
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The farm economy of the United States has changed a lot in the last seventy years. In the 1930s, twenty-five percent of the nation’s population lived on farms. Today less than one percent of Americans do.
Farm incomes have changed over the years too. For example, in 1933, people living and working on farms had much less money to spend than other Americans. At that time, farm families had about one-third the income of non-farmers after all necessary expenses had been paid. By the late 1970s, however, that difference had almost disappeared. In 2004,farmers had their best year ever. The average farm family earned about eighty-one thousand dollars. That is more than the average American family, which earned about sixty thousand dollars.
The Department of Labor measures the pay of industrial workers differently. It measures the average hourly and weekly pay for industrial workers. This is because factory workers are generally paid by the hour unlike farmers who earn income from their farm businesses. Generally, the average hourly pay for all industrial workers is about sixteen dollars. And the average weekly pay, about five hundred fifty dollars.
Industrial and other services employ about eighty-six percent of the labor force.
Title: 1 in the U.S.
| Farm workers | Changes in times | In the 1930s | In the 2 | In 2004 | |
| 3 in income | 25% of the farm families had about 4 the income of the non-farmer families | Almost equal | The average farm family earned $ 5 __ more than the average American family | ||
| Industrial workers | Percentage of the 6 force | About 7 | About 14% | ||
| Ways to 8 | By the hour | By the 9 | |||
| The amount at per unit | $ 10 | $ 550 | |||
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Maybe you are an average student. You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessary so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here’s how.
1) Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. then decide a good, regular time for studying. Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment. A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.
2) Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television! When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.
3) Make good use of your time in class. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teachers say. Really listening in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
4) Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important points that your teacher mentioned in class. If you know what your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material will become more meaningful, and you will remember it longer.
5) Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don't pass a test, so don't be overly worried.
There are other methods that might help you with your studying. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.
Title: How to become a better student
| General methods | How to | advantages |
| Plan your time carefully | Make a list | Force you to realize 6 is happening to your time |
| Make a 1 | ||
| Find a good place to study | Free of everything but study 2 | You can 7 on the subject |
| Make good use of your time in class | Listen to everything the teachers say | Really listening in class means 8 work later |
| Taking 3 | ||
| Study regularly | Go over your notes | Help you 9 it better , remember it longer |
| 4 new material | ||
| Develop a good attitude about tests | Don't be 5 worried | Remember your new 10 |
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A long story about people is usually called a novel. It can be about any kind of man, woman, or child. It can be about kings, or Chicago newsboys, or housewives. The French writer, Victor Hugo, wrote his novel Les Miserables about a poor man who stole a loaf of bread. The American writer, Ernest Hemingway, wrote A Farewell to Arms about a young American with the Italian Army in World War One.
A novel can tell the story of any kind of action, over any period of time. The modern Irish writer, James, Joyce, covers less than twenty- four hours in Ulysses. Yet, Joyce takes a thousand pages to tell all that happens from the time one man gets up in the morning until he goes to bed early the next morning. A German writer, Herman Hesse, uses only one hundred and fifty pages in his novel Demian to cover a boy’s life from the age of ten until he becomes a young man.
A novel does not just tell the things that people do. It also tells why they do them. The Badge of Courage, by the American novelist, Stephen Crane, tells about a young soldier in the War between the states who runs away the first time he is in battle. The book shows why he acted as he did. It describes his mental suffering until he overcomes his fears.
People buy novels because they enjoy reading about other people. The novel satisfies the human desire to know and understand our fellow creatures.
Title: A Novel
| 1._________ | It is a long story about people | |
| Character | 3.________ of any kind | Les Miserables is about a poor man who stole 5_______ |
| A farewell to Arms is about a young American with the Italian Army. | ||
| Time | Over any period of time | 6.________ covers less than 24 hours. |
| 7._______ covers a boy’s life from ten until he is a young man. | ||
| 2.________ | Things and 4.______ for doing them. | The Badge of Courage 8.________ a young soldier’s mental suffering. |
| 9._____Purpose | Satisfy the human desire to 10._________others. . | |
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高考英语任务型阅读题Type 2
13
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Scientists develop non-stick chewing gum
Scientists have developed a non-stick chewing gum that can be easily removed from pavements, shoes and clothes.
The new gum, the result of polymer research at the University of Bristol, could be launched commercially in 2008, its developers said on Friday.
If it catches on, the product will solve a major headache for local authorities around the world.
"The advantage of our Clean Gum is that it has a great taste, it is easy to remove and has the potential to be environmentally degradable(可降解性)," said Terence Cosgrove, a professor of chemistry who helped found a company called Revolymer to commercialize the technology.
Today's chewing gums are made from synthetic latex, which is resistant to the weather and is strongly adhesive. The new gum adds a special polymer to modify its properties, making it far less sticky.
In two street trials, leading commercial gums remained stuck to the pavement three out or four times, while Clean Gum came away naturally in all cases, Revolymer said
| Main Items | Contexts |
| High ___1____ | 1. The new gum has a great taste. 2. It is easy to ___2___ up. 3. It has the ___3___ to be environmentally degradable. |
| A different ___4___ | The new gum adds a special polymer to ___5___ its properties. |
| The ___6___ | 1. The new gum will solve a major __7____ for local authorities around the world. 2. The new gum can ___8___off naturally in all cases. |
| The developers’ ____9__ | The new gum, the __10____ of polymer research at the University of Bristol, could be launched commercially in 2008. |
14
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U.S. woman to carry Olympic torch in China
Jenny Bowen, an American living in Beijing, has been selected as the only American to carry the 2008 Beijing Olympic torch on Chinese soil next year. She and seven other non-Chinese winners were chosen from a pool of 262 applicants from 47 countries in a contest organized by Chinese computer maker Lenovo Group and the official English-language newspaper, China Daily.
When Bowen runs with the Olympic torch next year, she will not only be representing the United States. She will also be representing thousands of Chinese orphans, ABC news said.
Bowen, a mother of two adopted Chinese daughters, is executive director of Half the Sky Foundation, an organization which was established in 1998 and aims to enrich the lives and enhance the prospects for orphaned children in China.
Nearly 10 years later, Bowen and Half the Sky have touched the lives of over 13,000 children. Half the Sky is now present in 36 welfare institutions in 28 Chinese cities. Approximately 4,000 children are active in the program, which provides trained staff, educational tools, medical support and nurturing love to orphans.
Bowen hopes that running with the Olympic torch next year will help draw attention to the children in China. She will be among 19,400 runners who will carry the flame along an 85,000-mile, 130-day route across five continents. Beijing organizers say it will be the longest torch relay in Olympic history.
Like Bowen, the seven other non-Chinese winners, who include a German engineer and a Venezuelan graphic designer, live in China. Other countries represented will be the Philippines, Colombia, India, Japan and Russia.
According to Olympic organizers, candidates were selected based on an online vote, committee selection, their "love of Chinese culture and history" and devotion to "[communicating] information of a real China to their native countries."
Each runner will carry the torch for 200 meters on Chinese soil.
Title: U.S woman to carry Olympic torch in China
| 1 | Lenovo Group, the official English-language newspaper and China Daily |
| 2 dogs | Jenny Bowen and seven other non-Chinese 3 were chosen from a pool of 262 applicants from 47 countries who are all loving Chinese culture and history and devoting to information of a real China to their own ___4___. |
| Bowen | 1. Bowen is a mother of two adopted Chinese daughters and an executive director of Half the Sky Foundation. 2. She is the only American to carry the torch on China ____5__. 3. She will not only represent U.S but orphans in China. |
| Half the Sky’s ___6___ | About 10 years after 1998, they have ___7___ over 1300 children and now have 36 welfare institutions in 28 Chinese cities. |
| Bowen’s___8___ | Draw attention to the cause of the orphans in China. |
| The___9___ about the Olympic torch relay | 1. There will be 19,400 runners and they will carry the flame along an 85,000-mile, 130-day route and ___10___ five continents. 2. Each of them on Chinese soil will carry the torch for 200 metres. 3. It will be the longest one in the Olympic history. |
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China's newly-weds spend too much
Weddings are so important in China that couples are willing to fork out about 20 times their monthly income on getting hitched and everything that comes with it.
China's newly-weds in cities spend 126,600 yuan (16,600 U.S. dollars) on average in 2006 when getting hitched, Thursday's Chongqing Youth Daily reported, citing a recent survey by the Ministry of Commerce.
An analysis of 60,000 couples living in cities showed that about 64 percent of the spending went on house decoration, furniture and household appliances and the rest was spent on the wedding, such as the ceremony, photography, wedding dresses and feast.
The survey said the wedding expenditure was only a small share of the overall marriage cost as most Chinese young couples in the cities tended to buy an apartment and a car before tying the knot.
The survey said that about 81.6 percent of the newly-weds admitted that they had got economic support from parents as their monthly income on average was only about 6,240 yuan.
The survey also showed that about 88.4 percent of the newly-weds chose having wedding photography as a priority and 78.74 chose hosting a wedding banquet.
In contrast, young couples in the countryside spent about 40,000 yuan on average on marriage-related issues, less than one third of their city peers, according to the report.
About 8.49 million couples got married in China in 2006.
Title: China’s newly-weds spend ___1___
| Wedding ___2___ | 1. China’s newly-weds in ___3___ areas spend 126,600yuan on average in 2006. 2. In the ___4___ areas, young couples spent less than one third of their city peers. |
| The__5___ of money | 1. About 64 percent of the spending went on ___6___decoration, furniture and household appliances. 2. The rest was spent on the wedding, for 7 the ceremony, photography, wedding dresses and feast. |
| The ___8__ of money | They got the ___9___ support from their parents because their income was not high enough. |
| The ___10___ for the high expense | The newly-weds usually spend a lot because they have many things to buy, such as houses and cars. |
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Sick of your job? Why can't you leave?
It's a case of the grass not being any greener on the other side. Nearly 60 per cent of Australian workers are not happy with their employer, but almost 50 per cent stick it out because they believe there are not many ideal companies around, a survey released recently shows.
The report by career networking site found that after taking into account working hours, staff morale, industry, wages, image, charity support and career progression, the 2000 people surveyed predominantly believed their company did not quite make the grade.
Just over 25 per cent of respondents claimed their company's record regarding staff morale was downright awful, 30 per cent said their working hours were too long and inflexible, 59 per cent reported that their offices are shoddy and drab, and 32 per cent said their wages were far too low.
"Employers must realise that the Australian workplace is an environment of low unemployment so they need to provide better working environments or risk losing staff," CEO of Campbell Sallabank said.
Those that are deemed to be respectable and glamorous firms with great working conditions are few and far between.
Only 17 per cent said they believe they worked for an ideal company, while 33 per cent said the competition was tough to get into those types of firms.
Predominantly, staff morale (75 per cent), wages (68 per cent) and proximity to home (54 per cent) are the factors considered when determining the ideal companies.
"Workers should not hold back from trying to improve their office environment," Mr Sallabank said.
"There are all sorts of ways where employees can be successful in obtaining this but if attempts continually fall on deaf ears then voting with your feet is the best way to improve the situation as there are plenty of good employers out there."
Title: Sick of your job? Why not leave?
| Different ___1___ | |
| On ___2___ | 32% said their wages were far too low. |
| On staff morale | 25% of responders ___3___ that their company’s record on staff morale was downright awful. |
| On working hours | 30% said they ___4___ too much time in the office and the working hours were inflexible. |
| On office conditions | 59% reported that their offices are in poor ___5___ |
| To ___6___ in short | |
| After taking working hours, staff morale, industry, wages, charity support and career ___7___ into ___8___, 2000 people surveyed ___9___ believed their company didn’t quite ___10___ the employees. | |
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Human ancestor had mix of primitive, modern traits
This undated handout photograph shows scientists David Lordkipanidze and Tea Jashashvili with remains of early human ancestors excavated at a site in the nation of Georgia. The earliest-known human ancestors to migrate out of Africa possessed a surprising mix of human-like and primitive features, according to scientists who studied remains dug up at a fossil-rich site in the former Soviet republic of Georgia.
Writing on Wednesday in the journal Nature, the scientists described remains of three adults and one adolescent dating from about 1.77 million years ago, excavated at Dmanisi, about 55 miles southwest of the Georgian capital, Tbilisi.
The remains shed light on a little-understood but critical period in human evolution -- the transition from the more ape-like creatures known as australopithecines to the genus Homo, of which modern humans are a member.
The spines and lower limbs found at the Dmanisi site appear very much like modern humans, suggesting these individuals, which walked fully upright, were highly capable of long-distance treks, the researchers said.
But other aspects of the skeletons had more archaic characteristics. The arms were more like australopithecines than people, and the primitive skulls encased relatively small brains. Their simple stone tools also are less advanced than one might have expected, the researchers said. They described the remains as "a surprising mosaic" of primitive and modern features.
"These are the earliest humans found outside of Africa. This is the time when our genus spread outside of Africa," David Lordkipanidze of the Georgian National Museum, who led the research, said in a telephone interview. "Their heads are primitive. Their legs are very human-like."
Scientists had previously described skulls found at the site, but in recent years found far more extensive remains of the skeletons of these creatures, giving them a more detailed understanding of these denizens of early human history.
Title: Human ancestor had mix of primitive, modern traits
| Para. | topic | The details |
| 1 | Discovery | The earliest-known human ancestors to migrate ___1___ Africa ____2__ a surprising mix of human-like and primitive features. |
| 3 | The ___3___ of the discovery | The remains drew ___4___ to a little-understood but critical ___5___ in human evolution. |
| 4 | The ___6___ with modern humans | The spines and lower limbs found at the Dmanisi site ___7___ very much like modern humans------walking fully upright and highly capable of long-distance treks. |
| 5 | The ___8___ from modern humans | The arms were more like australopithecines than people, and the primitive skulls encased relatively small brains. Their simple stone tools also are less advanced than one might have ___9___. |
| 7 | The more helpful evidence | ___10___ scientists have found far more extensive remains of the skeletons of these creatures, giving them a more detailed understanding of these denizens of early human history. |
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Central bank may raise mortgage rate
The central bank is supposed to increase the interest rate of mortgage loans(按揭贷款) to 1.1 times the benchmark(标准)one-year lending rate this week, sources said.
The move is an attempt to curb(控制) the rise in house prices and speculation(投机) in the property current five-year lending rate has reached 7.83 percent after the central bank raised the interest rate for the fifth time this year on September means the interest rate for five-year mortgage loans could reach as high as 8.613 percent if the central bank makes a move this week."With the expansion of mortgage loans, and as the central bank continuously raises interest rates, mortgage loans are beginning to face a high danger of default(违约)," China Construction Bank (CCB) said in its latest report.
Total non-performing mortgage loans in three major commercial banks - CCB, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, and Bank of China - rose to 19.2 billion yuan at the end of 2006 from 18.4 billion yuan in 2005, according to CCB.
The central bank is likely to stipulate commercial banks to raise mortgage deposits to at least 40 percent for homebuyers who intend to buy a second apartment, according to the source.
"Homebuyers will have to make a down payment of 40 percent to buy a second apartment, and for apartments for commercial use, the down payment will be raised to as high as 50 percent," he said. The minimum deposit for an apartment of more than 90 sq m is currently 30 percent while for apartments less than 90 sq m it's 20 percent.
The central bank will also ask commercial banks to end lending to property developers who hoard(囤积)land and house for speculation(投机) purposes, according to the source.
Property prices in 70 major cities jumped 8.2 percent in August from a year earlier after gaining 7.5 percent in July, according to figures from the National Development and Reform Commission.
Housing prices in Beijing rose 12.1 percent from a year earlier, while prices in Shenzhen went up 20.8 percent.
Title: Central bank may raise mortgage rate
| The ___1___ from the informed sources | 1). The central bank is ___2___ to increase the interest rate of mortgage loans to 1.1 times the benchmark one-year lending rate. 2). It is ___3___ for the central bank to stipulate commercial banks to raise mortgage deposits for homebuyers who plan to buy___4___ apartment. 3). The central bank will also ___5___ commercial banks to ____6__ lending to property developers who hoard land and house for speculation purposes. |
| The ___7___ for raising the mortgage rate | The action aims to ___8___ the rise in house prices and speculation in the property market. |
| A possible ___9___ | As the central bank raises interest rates, mortgage loans may face a high __10___ of default. |
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Men aren't as tough as they think they are
Frailty(脆弱), your name is man. So said China's doctors Sunday on the eighth "Men's Health Day" in China are widely affected by bad living habits, a lack of awareness about mental and physical health issues, and a lack of exercise.
Shan Li, a psychologist with the DRM Professional Counseling, said men are more heavily burdened with "social responsibilities".
"They live in poorer 'mental circumstances' and have poorer life quality than women in general, often frustrated but don't feel free to vent their emotions," Shan said.
Zhang Kan, a psychologist, said: "Men have shorter life expectancy than women an undeniable part of the reason lies in the psychology".
Professor Gu Jun from the Shanghai University said men frequently are burdened with the pressure of work, marriage troubles, and at times difficulties with children.
Shanghai Women's Federation (SWF) found that some 20 percent of complaints it received were from has sparked calls that there was a need for a federation for men.
Other statistics show men have a general laxsidasical attitude towards health issues. Figures from the 411 Hospital in Shanghai showed that 90 percent of men don't know they should or believe they should have an annual health ty percent of men never do any kind of physical claimed they did not want to exercise because they were busy, tired, or focused too much on other "more important" matters.
Men, more than women are also more likely drink, smoke and get ill.A urologist with 411 Hospital said occurrences of male diseases such as prostate(前列腺) problems and male sterility(不育) were rising.
| 1.__________with men in China | Details to 3_______ | 7________for the situation |
| The men in China are widely affected by bad living habits, 2___ of mental and physical health issues and a lack of exercise. | 1). They are often frustrated but don’t feel free to 4______ their emotions. 2). Men have shorter life 5______ with women in general. 3). Many of them 6_____ to SWF. 4). They are more likely to get ill. 5). prostate problems and male sterility are rising. | 1). Men are 8________ with the pressure of work, marriage troubles and difficulties with children. 2). Most of them don’t have 9______ their health checked. 3). 20 percent of them never do any kind of exercise. 4). Many of them are 10______to drinking or smoking. |
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Wealthy Chinese do not have a good reputation, a survey by China Youth Daily and has found.
The poll, conducted last week, showed about 70 percent of 3,990 interviewees believe the well-off are immoral and not worthy of respect. Only 4 percent thought rich people are good, the survey said.
For the rich to become popular they need to do three things, the survey suggested.
First, they need to have a sense of social responsibility. Second, they need to be self disciplined, and third, they need to have a caring heart.
The number of people who make at least $50,000 a year increases by 15 percent a year and, according to the China Economic Times, the country now has 1.5 million rich people.
The China Youth Daily and survey found interviewees questioned how the rich became rich in the first place.
"Some rich people are thought to have accumulated their wealth through illegal means, such as bribery," said a post-graduate student at the Communication University of China.
Even so, the survey found wealthy people who abide by( 遵守) the law, have a sense of social responsibility and a caring heart, are respected.
The poll showed about 60 percent thought these kinds of wealthy people were worthy of respect.
The survey suggested many voters were much better disposed toward rich people from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Western economies - rather than the mainland.
Hong Kong property tycoon(巨头，大亨) Li Ka-shing was most highly regarded, followed by Bill Gates, mainland property tycoon Wang Shi and basketball player Yao Ming.
"Rich people on the mainland invest too little in charity and gain too much," a student from Beijing Sports University said.
Yu Guoming, a professor at Renmin University of China, called on the heads of Chinese companies to think and invest in a long-term way. "Corporate social duty is not only about charity, it also connects the company with the government and the public."
| Title | Our Nation’s rich have poor reputation |
| The ___1___ of the survey | About 70 percent of 3,990 interviewees believe the well-off are not ___2___ and not worthy of respect. Only the percentage of 4 thought rich people are good. |
| Things that the rich ___3__ | 1. They need to be ___4___ for the __5____. 2. They need to be self disciplined. 3. They need to have a caring heart. |
| People’s ___6___ towards rich . | 1. Some rich have ___7___wealth through illegal means. 2. People who ___8___ the law, have a sense of social responsibility and a caring heart, are respected. 3. Rich people on the mainland invest too little in charity and ___9___ too much. |
| A professor’s view | Corporate social ___10___ is not only about charity, it also connects the company with the government and the public. |
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Once a circle lost a piece. The circle wanted to be whole, so it went around looking for its missing piece. But because it was incomplete, it rolled very slowly. On the way, it admired the flower along the road, chatted with worms and enjoyed the sunshine. One day the circle found the piece that fitted perfectly. It was so happy that it could be whole, with nothing missing, the circle put the missing piece into itself and began to roll. Now that it was a perfect circle, it could roll very fast, too fast to notice flowers or talk to the worms. When it realized how different the world seemed when it rolled quickly, it stopped, left that piece by the side of the road and rolled slowly away.
The lesson of the story is that, in some sense, we are more perfect when we are missing something. The man who has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to expect, to hope and to nourish (滋养) his soul with the dream of something better.
There is a wholeness about the person who has come to accept his limitations and who has been brave enough to throw away unrealistic (不切实际的) dreams and does not feel like a failure for doing so. There is a wholeness about the one who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through hard times and survive.
Life is not a spelling game, where no matter how many words you’ve got right, you fail if you make one mistake. Life is more like a baseball season, where even the best team loses one third of its games and even the worst team has its good days. Our goal is to win more games than we lose. When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and enjoy it, we will have reached a wholeness. That is what life asks of us ---- not “be perfect”, not “don’t even make a mistake”, but “be whole”.
If we are brave enough to love, strong enough to forgive, generous enough to rejoice in another’s happiness, and wise enough to know there is enough love around us all, then we can achieve a sense of fulfillment that no other living creature will ever feel.
Title: The wholeness of life
| Main comparisons | Contexts |
| The incomplete circle | Searching for its missing piece, it (1) ____ slowly, doing what it wanted to on the way. |
| The perfect circle | After (2) ____ the missing piece to itself, it rolled fast, unable to take (3) ____ of everything. Thinking (4) ____, it left the piece and became slow. |
| A person (5) ____ something | He is even (6) ____, in some ways than the one with everything. |
| A person with everything | He (7) ____ expect, hope and nourish his soul with the dream of something better. |
| The author’s attitude toward life | |
| (8) ____ conclusion | Accepting his limitations and throwing away unrealistic dreams (9) ____ can make a person successful. And to live a whole life, a person must learn about himself, his strength and (10) ____ hard times and survive. |
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Farmers might think the idea of growing food for fun sounds strange. But there are some people who do it all the time.
They grow some vegetables because their natural color or shape is pleasing to see. They grow others because scientists have developed new colors or different size for traditional vegetables.
One example is the bell pepper (胡椒). Seed companies sell seeds for several different kinds of bell peppers. One pepper is a weak yellow color when it begins to grow. Then its color changes to white. As it grows, it changes color two more times ---- to orange, then red.
Another unusual plant is known as the yard-long bean or snake bean. It grows up to one meter in length. It is an important part of the food supply in areas of Asia.
American farmers like it because it is different, yet tastes very much like the green beans they traditionally grow. Each bean has from ten to twenty seeds. The outside or pod can be eaten. Some of the very long beans are green outside but have black-and –white or red seed.
Gourds (葫芦) are plants that people like to grow because of the many different shapes. They also have many uses. Some round gourds are dried, painted and made into containers. Others have long necks and big bodies. These are dried, cut and made into pour drinking water.
Another kind of gourd is used to make sponges (海绵). When it is fully grown, it is removed from the vine and permitted to dry for a few weeks. Then it is placed in water for a few hours. The outer shell is then removed. The gourd is placed in the sun to dry. When it is fully dry, it is cut into pieces for use as sponges. They have a rough surface. They can be used to clean away dead skin cells, which makes them a popular skin-care product.
Title: (1) ____ vegetables
| Items | Vegetables |
| Colors or shapes | A kind of pepper changes its color several times during its (2) ____. |
| The yard-long bean or snake bean grows as long (3) ____ one metre. | |
| Gourds grow (4) ____ differently, among which one kind are of long necks and big bodies. | |
| (5) ____ | Pepper is pleasing to see. |
| The yard-long bean or snake bean can be nice to (6) ____ at. | |
| Gourds can be made (7) ____ into containers or for sponges. | |
| Uses | Pepper is used as a kind of flavor. |
| The yard-long bean or snake bean is used as an important food supply. | |
| Having been (8) ____, Gourds can be made to pour drinking water or as a popular skin-care product. | |
| A phenomenon (9) ____ knowing | |
| People’s attitude | (10) ____ than for eating, some people grow some vegetables for fun. |
23
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Chinese women want to look more Caucasian
Chinese women want to change the shape of their faces, while men want straighter noses, a recent survey by the Beijing-based Horizon Research Consultancy Group has found.
The survey polled nearly 1,600 people aged 18 and 55 from Shanghai, Tianjin and Shenzhen.
The results were given on the independent polling company's website.
Almost 33 percent of women wanted to improve the contours of their faces, the survey found. Eyelid surgery was second most popular at 29 percent. A face shaped like a goose egg and double eyelids were favorite, it showed.
Fat removal from the stomach and waist ranked third, followed by liposuction of the legs. Nose sculpting came last among the top five most sought-after procedures for women.
A Beijing-based cosmetic surgeon surnamed Huang said women wanted to look more Caucasian.
They particularly wanted to look leggy, busty and skinny, he said.
In comparison, men were less concerned about fat and only 7.5 percent would consider liposuction, the survey said.
Nearly 45 percent of men said they wanted to straighten their noses to give them a more masculine look.
Nearly 33 percent said they would consider double eyelid surgery, followed by cosmetic improvement of the teeth and face shaping.
Many men did not want their partner to have breast implants, even though women did it to please them, cosmetic surgeon Huang said.
There are about 1 million plastic surgery operations performed every year in China, according to official estimates.
| The measures the Chinese would take to be good-looking |
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| Female |
| Male |
| 5 |
| 4 |
| 9 |
| 6 |
| 7 |
| 8 |
| 10 |
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What do you usually use your cell-phone for? Calling friends or sending them text messages?
As technology develops, nowadays cellphones can do much more than that. They have become an all-in-one device.
A typical example is Apple’s phone. The touch-screen cellphone plays music, connects to the Web, sends email and takes photos. More than 1 million Apple’s Phones have been sold since it was launched(发售) in June.
“Today’s young people enjoy using all kinds of digital functions, such as those of a music player, a camera and even a computer, constantly. An all-in-one device is easy to carry. That is the goal of developing a technology to make our lives more convenient, simple and relaxed,” said Professor Ding Shouqian at Nankai University.
However, the all-in-one cellphones come with some problems. Users have complained that they are too complicated to use, and that their battery life is too short. Cellphone producers say that they are working hard to make their phones even better.
It’s very convenient to use it “We are trying to make the cellphones in a way that people can quickly move from phoning to taking pictures to listening to music,” said Alastair Curtis, Nokia’s chief designer. “If you look at the Nokia 3250 model, it has a twisting(转动) bottom. So you twist it half a turn, and it’s in camera mode. You twist it another 90 degrees, the alpha-numeric(字母和数字的)keys have disappeared and the music keys are there.” Japanese companies such as Toshiba and Fujitsu are also working to develop a new battery for mobile phone.
If all the problems are solved in the future, all-in-one phones will change our lives for the better.
| The all-in-one cellphone | |
| 1____________ | It plays music. |
| It is 2____________ to the web. | |
| It can 3________________ and take photos. | |
| It can also be used as a 4___________. | |
| 5_____________ | a. The cellphones are _____6_____ to carry and to use |
| b. make our lives more ._____7_______ , simple and relaxed. | |
| problems | Their battery 8______________ is not very long. |
| The way to solve the problems | a. Make it easy and 9_________to move from one mode to another |
| b. The companies make better batteries that last10____________ | |
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Moon landing. The computer chip. Genetic engineering. The artificial heart. The achievements of U.S. scientists are known and admired throughout the world. But whether American highest position in research and technology will continue into the 21st century is far from certain. Thirty-two years after the Russians sent up Sputnik setting off a hot race to produce more and better U. S. physicists, the scientific pipeline is drying up.
In an Educational Testing Service study of five countries and four Canadian provinces, American 13-year-old graded last in math and nearly last in science.
How did America, birthplace of Edison and Wright brothers come to such a dangerous situation? One reason is lack of enough financial support for science education. After Sputnik, funding for the National Science Foundation, the leading U. S. founder of scientific research, shot up from $18 million to $130 million. By now financing for NSF’s education had fallen rapidly to zero.
The image of scientists is less lustrous(光辉的，灿烂的) than it was in the 50’s and 60’s, when men and women in lab coats were seen as national heroes helping the U.S. beat the Russians to the moon. Today the country’s brightest desire is to be bankers and lawyers, not chemists or rocket designers.
We really hope something must be done to vitalize(激励) America’s science education, or America will have to face great losses in science development.
Title: America’s (1)________
| America | In the past | (2)________ in research and technology | |
| At present | Graded last in math and nearly last in science for its (3)________ | ||
| In the future | Uncertain for (4)________ | ||
| (5)______ | Aspects | In the past | At present |
| (6)________ | From $ 18 million to $ 130 million | (7)________ | |
| (8)________ | As national heroes helping the U.S. beat the Russians to the moon | The desire is to be (9)________ not chemists or rocket designers | |
| (10)________ | Something must be done to vitalize America’s science education H | ||
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空不超过3个单词。
If you are asked to chair a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management.
1. Always start the meeting on time. If you begin on time, group members who show up late will realize the value of time. Beginning on time reflects skill as an effective time manager and sets an example for others to follow.
2. Select a note-taker or arrange to have the meeting audio-taped. You may need to refer back to an issue that was discussed during the meeting at a later date. Good record-keeping is a sign of a good meeting manager as well.
3. Learn to listen. So many times we think we are going to say and, in the process, block out important points that other group members may be contributing. Additionally, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than really listening to other people. Meetings that are characterized by effective listening are successful meetings.
4. Keep the discussion on track. Many times important issue can get sidetracked in a meeting, especially when everyone has a different opinion about the topic. If an unexpected conflict develops once the meeting is in progress, either appoint a subcommittee to look into the problem, or ask participants involved in the conflict to meet with you after the meeting. Doing so will help keep the discussion on track and minimize the chances of wasting participants’ valuable time.
5. Give everyone an opportunity to be heard. Some people tend to control meetings, whereas others wait to be asked their opinions. As the leader of the meeting, you need to keep an open mind and make sure everyone feels welcome to contribute and express ideas without criticism.
6. End on time. If you said the meeting would last no longer than one hour, make sure the meeting lasts for only one hour. Running late with a meeting makes members late for other appointments, increases the chances that the members will mentally leave the meeting and reduces your reliability (可信赖性) as an effective meeting manager.
Advice on how to 1
| Rules for meeting management | 4 |
| Start the meeting on time. | 5 and set an example. |
| Select a note-taker or 2 . | Need to refer to an issue 6 . |
| 3 . | 7 is a character of successful meeting. |
| Keep the discussion on track. | Minimize the chances of 8 . |
| Give everyone an opportunity to be heard. | Make everyone 9 . |
| End on time. | 10 your reliability. |
请认真阅读短文，根据所读内容在文后的空格里填上适当的单词或短语。注意：每空不超过3个单词。
On average, Americans waste as much energy as two-thirds of the world’s population consumes. That’s largely the result of driving inefficient cars, using inefficient appliances, and living and working in poorly insulated buildings.
Then what can you do to improve the situation?
Buy energy-efficient products.—Buy new appliances or electronics of the highest energy-efficiency rating. New energy-efficient models may cost more initially, but have a lower operating cost over their lifetimes. The most energy-efficient models carry the Energy Star label, which identifies products that use 20—40 percent less energy than standard new products. According to the EPA, the typical American household can save about $400 per year in energy bills with products that carry the Energy Star.
Switch to compact fluorescent bulbs. — Change the three bulbs you use most in your house to compact fluorescents. Each compact fluorescent bulb will keep half a ton of carbon dioxide out of the air over its lifetime. Moreover, compact fluorescent bulbs last ten times as long and can save $30 per year in electricity costs.
Set heating and cooling temperatures correctly. — Check thermostats in your home to make sure they are set at a level that doesn’t waste energy. Get an electronic thermostat that will allow your furnace to heat the house to a lower temperature when you’re sleeping and return it to a more comfortable temperature before you wake up.
Turn off the lights. —Turn off lights and other electrical appliances such as televisions and radios when you’re not using them. Install automatic timers for lights that people in your house frequently forget to turn off when leaving a room.
Title: Saving energy
| 1._____ | Americans waste as much energy as 2. _______ of the world’s population consumes. | ||
| Causes | ● Driving inefficient cars; ● 3. _________ ● Living and working in poorly insulated buildings | ||
| 4. _____ | Buy energy-efficient products with the 5. ________ label | The 6. ______of them are: ● have a lower operating cost 7________ . ● saving 20—40 percent energy; ● save about $400 per year in energy bills | |
| Switch to 8. ______ | ● keeping half a ton of carbon dioxide out of the air over its lifetime ● lasting ten times as long ● saving $30 per year in 9. ______. | ||
| Set heating and cooling temperatures correctly | |||
| Turn off the lights or 10. ______ | |||
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空不超过5个单词。
The tours of Britain
Britain is a popular tourist place. But tours of the country have advantages and disadvantages.
Good news：If you want to see good collections of arts and antiquities (古董), this is a good place. No charge for outstanding collections of art and ain is the only country to match the US on this score. That means pop music in Britain is almost as good as that in familiar, London taxi drivers know where they are going even if there are never enough of them at weekends or tors can find everything from Ethiopian to Swedish restaurants. In Swedish Restaurant, you can eat whatever you are interested in. It is the same in Ethiopian Restaurant.
Bad news：“It’s part of the image of the place. People can dine out on the rudeness they have experienced.” said Professor Tony Seaton, of London University’s International Tourism Research ns and buses are promised to defeat the keenest tourists, although the overcrowded London tube is surprisingly king slowly and clearly may not get many foreign visitors very far, even in the tourist traps (圈套). People can not make themselves understood.
Rain is still in the number one ke tour in other places, no air-conditioning is in use so that even splendidly hot summers become as unbearable as the only European country with a higher rate of tax on hotel rooms is Denmark. Besides, you’ll have few chances to find hotels less cheap.
| Good news and bad news |
| (1) ____ |
| (2) _____ |
| (3) ____ |
| (4) ____ |
| (5) ____ |
| (6) ____ |
| (7) ____ |
| (8) ____ |
| (9) ____ |
| (10) ____ |
请认真阅读短文，根据所读内容在文后的空格里填上适当的单词或短语。
注意：每空不超过3个单词。
If people work to meet their needs, it would be good to know what these needs are. They are very simple. Dr. Maslow has suggested that people have only five needs. Every one has them, and everyone spends his or her life trying to satisfy them. Although we may try to satisfy our needs in different ways, we all are trying to satisfy the same needs. In a way, it is these needs, which are common to all people, that make us human. They seem to be a basic part of human nature.
The needs, which occur in the order shown below, can briefly be described as follows:
Physiological Needs - Our needs for the things that keep our bodies alive- food, water, rest, air, elimination, etc. These needs come first. We must meet them or we will die.
Safety Needs – First we need to stay alive, and then we need to be safe. There are two kinds of safety needs: the need to be physically safe and to be psychologically safe or secure.
Belongingness Needs – Once we are alive and safe, we then try to satisfy our social need, a need to be with and accepted by other people. We discover our need for love.
Esteem Needs – After our first three needs are fairly well met, we try to satisfy a fourth need. This is a need for recognition, respect, reputation. The need has two parts: self esteem (thinking well of ourselves ) and the esteem of others.
self – actualization Needs – The highest need of man is to actualize himself, to achieve his full potential, to become all that he might be. This need is one that no one ever satisfies completely, partly because we are too busy trying to satisfy our lower needs.
If Dr. Maslow is correct, those are the things we are after. Our work, rest, play – whatever we do – is done in an effort to meet one or more of those needs.
Title: Five Basic(1). ____________
| Names of the Needs | （4）. ______ | （8）.________ |
| （2）. _________ | Food, water, air, etc. | To be alive |
| Safety | physically safe （5）. _______secure | To be safe |
| Belongingness | A need to （6）. ________by other people | To satisfy （9）.____ |
| （3）. _________ | self esteem and the esteem of others | A need for recognition, respect , and reputation |
| Self- actualization | a). to achieve full potential b). to （7）.______ oneself c). to become all that one might be | To achieve （10）.______ |
认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
注意：每空不超过5个单词。
In the United States, children recognize logs (标识) by 18 months, and by 2 many ask for products by brand name. Some parents report that baby’s first word was not “mama” or “dada” but “Coke”---- which makes sense considering that 26 percent of kids at the age of 2 and under have a TV in their room and the average American child sees some 40,000 commercials (广告) a year. That in turn helps explain why the United States, with 4.5 percent of the world’s population. American kids get an average of 70 new toys a year.
It’s really gotten bad now with the commercials and peer (隐约出现) pressure. They’re just so into things.
Kids are big business. In 1984, children aged 4 to 12 spent $4.2 billion ---- that’s their own pocket money. This year, they’ll lay out $ 35 billion, often at stores built just for them. But it’s their hold on the family purse that’s the real economy booster (助推器). Kids are empowered in family decision making in a historically unprecedented (前所未有的) way. They will influence $670 billion worth of parental purchases, both small (with snacks to buy) and large (with SUV) this year. By comparison, the 2005 U.S. military budget (预算) is $ 417.5 billion. When marketers think of kids, they should think of KIDS ---- Keepers of Infinite Dollars.
What brought about such a big change in such a short time? It occurred in part because most parents are no longer home during the day. Working and perhaps single, many trade treats for togetherness. Cheaper technology and more money have also made it easier to give ---- and give in. And kids know what they want: Advertisers spend some $ 15 billion a year telling them what’s hot. But the biggest reason is love. Every generation believes its sons and daughters should have larger life than the one before. More opportunities, more experiences, more stuff.
From a child’s perspective (视角), this is life as it should be. Many experts, though, say more is actually less ---- that too many gifts is no gift at all. Higher consumer involvement (参与) by children can lead to depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, more psychosomatic (anxious) complaints, and worse relationships with parents. The have-it-all attitude factors into the record levels of childhood obesity (being too fat). Providing too much is the single biggest mistake that parents make, which will help turn out people who go through their adult lives chronically (长期) dissatisfied.
| Things influencing kids, bad effects and parents’ reflection |
| (1) ____ |
| (2) _____ |
| (3) ____ |
| (4) ____ |
| (5) ____ |
| (6) ____ |
| (7) ____ |
| (8) ____ |
| (9) ____ |
| (10) ____ |
| Depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, unreasonable complaints, worse relationships with parents |
| Not give the kids all of their heart’s desires too often |
1
1. stress 2. popular 3. past 4. modern 5. roof
6. smash 7. pretend 8. relax 9. sleeping 10. imaginative
2
1. that 2. off 3. avoided 4. Keeping 5. raised / kept
6. smaller 7. making 8. on / about 9. Different 10. certain
3
1. under 2. have 3. where 4. existed 5. rather
6. returning 7. imagined 8. before 9. like 10. 462 BC
4
ival day 3celebrated umes/clothes le
6.gifts/ce ch/Frenchmen itional t/meal
5
1. improving 2. Efforts/ Measures 3. Possibly 4. despite 5. convenient
6. living 7. less 8. enough 9. expectation 10. bettering
6.
1. weight 2. keeping 3. in 4. reduce 5. being
6. nutrition 7. taken 8. logging 9. e-mailed 10. accurate
7
1. better 2. purposes 3. Despite 4. effectively 5. making
6. reduction 7. work 8. differently 9. offered / created 10. while
8
1 highly 2 moved 3 influence 4 valuable 5 showed
6 business 7 drop 8 sorrow 9 mind 10 control
9
1. questionnaires 2. Internet 3. increasing 4. spite 5. social
6. Economist 7. released 8. private 9. account 10. January
10
1. Incomes 2. 1970s 3. Changes 4. one-third 5.21,000 / twenty-one thousand
r 7. 80% 8. pay 9. week 10. 16 / sixteen
11
1. schedule 2. materials 3. notes 4. Read 5. overly
6. what 7. concentrate 8. less 9. understand 10. knowledge
12
1. Definition 2. Plot le 4. reasons 5. bread
. Ulysses 7. Demian 8. describes 9. Purpose 10. know
13
1. qualities 2. clean 3. capability 4. component 5. change
6. effects 7. problem / trouble 8. fall 9. prediction 10. outcome
14
1. Hosts 2. Lucky 3. victors 4. nations 5. land
6. development 7. helped 8. dream 9. introduction 10. cross
15
1. heavily 2. cost 3. urban 4. rural 5. use
6. apartment 7. instance 8. source 9. financial 10. reasons
16
1. responses 2. salary/ income 3. complained 4. spent 5. conditions
6. conclude 7. promotion 8. consideration 9. mostly 10. satisfy
17
1. from 2. had 3. significance 4. attention 5. session
6. similarities 7. seem 8. differences 9. assumed/supposed/guessed/imagined 10. Recently
18
1. information 2. expected 3. possible 4. another 5. require
6. stop 7. aim/target 8. control 9. consequence/result 10. risk
19
1. problems 2. ignorance 3. prove/ support 4. express 5. compared
6. complain 7. Reasons 8. filled/loaded 9. yearly 10. addicted
20
1. result 2. moral 3. lack 4. responsible 5. society
6. attitudes 7. gathered/gained 8. follow/ obey 9. get/ achieve 10. responsibility
21
1. moved / went 2. fixing 3. notice / note 4. back 5. lacking
6. richer 7. won’t 8. In 9. bravely 10. experience
22
1. Unusual 2. growth 3. as 4. shaping 5. Characteristics
6. look 7. either 8. processed 9. worth 10. Rather
23
1. eyelid surgery 2. cosmetic improvement of the teeth 3. face shaping 4. improving their faces 5. eyelid surgery 6. fat removal 7. liposuction of legs 8. nose sculpting 9. breast implants 10. straightening noses
24
tions ected ver/send e-mails ra ntages/ convenience 6. easy
7. convenient 8. life 9. quick 10. longer
25
1. future in science 2. the highest position 3. 13-year-old 4. science position 5. Reasons 6. Financing 7. Fallen to zero 8. People 9. bankers and lawyers 10. Suggestions
26
1. manage a meeting 2. audio-tape the meeting 3. Learn to listen 4. Reasons 5. Reflect skill 6. later 7. Effective listening 8. wasting participants’ time 9. feel welcome 10. Increase
27
1. Situation 2. two-thirds g inefficient appliances 4. Solutions 5. Energy Star
6. Advantages 7. over their lifetimes; 8. compact fluorescent bulbs 9. electricity costs
10. install automatic timers
28
1. Free museums 2. Pop music 3. Black cabs 3. Choice of food 4. Poor service 5. Poor public transport 6. Lack of languages 7. Rain / Complaint of rain 8. No air-conditioning 10. Overprice hotels
29
1. Needs 2. Physiology 3. Esteem 4. Contents/ Details/ Notes 5. psychologically
6. be with and accepted 7. actualize 8. Purpose 9. our social need 10. full potential
30
1. Commercials /Ads from media 2. parents’ working outside during day
3. Single parents 4. Overbalanced love
5. Too much money provided 6. Parents’ improper concept to educate kids
7. Addicted to consuming (consumerism) 8. Childhood obesity
9. Actively defending against the kids’ consumerism always
10. Not providing to each kid / Making him always dissatisfied
