高中英语特殊句式的高考真题分析

特殊句式在英语中是比较重要的，学生需要掌握好这部分的知识点，下面本站的小编将为大家带来关于特殊句式的真题分析介绍，希望能够帮助到大家。

1.(2016·全国，阅读B)When her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused after a year of friendly discussion ________Ms Gaf finally say yes.

2.(2016·全国，阅读D)________(positive)an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as er explains in his new book.

3.(2016·江苏，34)Not until recently the development of tourists­related activities in the rural areas.

.(2016·，)You are waiting at a wrong is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.

5.(2016·北京，阅读B)“Its the ocean ________ makes Rockaway so special.” she says.

6.(2016· 北京，完形)If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water would die, and so ________the sick children of Nome.

.(2016·四川，阅读D)The more fat you take in before bedtime, the ________(great) burden you will put on your body at night.

.(2016·江苏，34)Not until recently________ (他们才鼓励)the development of tourist-related activities related activities in the rural area.

.(2015·天津，3)Only when Lily walked into the office ________________ that she had left the contract at home.

.(2015·湖南，23)Only after talking to two students ________________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.

.(2015·湖南，21)It was when we were returning home ________________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.

.(2015·湖南，24)Video games can be a poor influence if ________(leave)in the wrong hands.

.(2015·湖南，31)Always ________(keep)in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.

.(2014·大纲，26)________________ the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.

.(2014·陕西，17)No sooner ________________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.

.(2014·湖南，29)Only when you can find peace in your heart ________________good relationships with others.

.(2014·北京，24)________________ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.

.(2014·福建，29)It was the culture，rather than the language，________________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.

1.(2014·重庆，10)—I spent two weeks in London last summer.

—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，________________ you?

.(2014·四川，3)Was it because Jack came late for school ________________ h got angry?

.(2014·海南，33)It's not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do________________makes life happy.

.(2014·湖南，21)Children，when ________________by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.

1.(2016·威海模拟)Opposite our school________(有一个公园), where a lot of people play or take exercise at any time.

2.(2016·陕西临潼华清中学模拟)It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ________ I found we had a lot in common.

3.(2016·广州六校联考)________(sit) under the tree was a charming girl aged about seventeen or eighteen.

4.(2016·重庆八中质检)Into the dark apartment ____，(大卫走进公寓) who was quite surprised when everyone shouted“Happy birthday!”

5.(2015·四川绵阳一诊)Not until I returned ________I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.

6.(2015·临沂一模)It took years of work ______ (reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water.

7.(2015·豫东十校期末)It asks you to act like water：to be flexible as well ________ strong.

8.(2015·南昌联考)The ________ (hard) you try to beat himthe more likely you will get hit.

9.(2015·兰州二模)Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it：neither too much ________ too little.

10.(2015·广东揭阳一中、潮州金山中学联考)They will be as difficult and painful ________ holding a hot potato.

11.(2015·乌鲁木齐一中月考)He loved the 4th wife the took great care of her and gave her nothing ________ the best.

12.(2015·河南洛阳一高月考)And Id like to know why Chinese people use chopsticks.________ not knives and forks，like Americans?

13.(2015·内蒙古师大附中月考)Sometimes hunger hit me so severely ________I regarded dried sweet potato slices as delicious snack.

14.(2015·内蒙古包钢一中月考) thats not bus was one hour e ________，it picked up passengers on the way to our destination.

15.(2015·河北石家庄二中开学考)Its unnecessary and it’s not important at needn’t care about is one’s inner beauty ________ matters.

16.(2015·海南中学月考)Yes，but it is not as easy ________ you imagine.

17.(2015·河南洛阳一高月考)Chopsticks may be made of any of the following materials：bamboo，wood，gold，silver，ivory，or plastic，and they may be ________ round or square.

18.(2015·河南濮阳市二模)Radio has changed a lot since we were used ________ be the major source of fun for the family.

参考答案

A组　2016～2014年各省市高考题(改编)

　[考查only+状语置于句首，句子用部分倒装，所以此处用助动词did。]

more positive　[考查the more...结构，越……就越……。]

they encourage　[考查倒装句。句意为：直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据句首的Not until recently可知，本句要用部分倒装形式， encourage表示的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。]

　[考查强调句型的判定。句意为：你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，结构依然完整。经判断，“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整，句意明确，故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是地点，故空格处应填that。]

　[

d　[考查so的倒装结构，前面用了would, 后面也用would。]

ter　[考查the more...结构。]

they encourage　[考查倒装句的用法。根据句首的Not until recently可知，本句

she realize　 I discover　　　

only do　 Mo Yan　 you keep

　't　　　mpanied

a park　[分析句子，可知本句中有方位副词Opposite our school提前，可知句子全部倒装，即主语放在谓语动词后面。]

　[句意：直到我们在一起待了几个星期我们才发现我们有许多共同之处。not until句式的强调有固定的句型，即It is / was not ...。]

ing　[句意：坐在树下的是一位十七八岁的迷人的女孩。这是一个倒装句，正常语序应是A charming girl aged about seventeen or eighteen was sitting under the tree.]

ed David　[考查完全倒装。介词短语置于句首，句子使用完全倒装。]

　[考查倒装句。句意：直到回来，我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。not until放在句首，后面的主句要倒装。因为谓语动词为实义动词realize，故要用助动词did并提到主语前面。]

reduce　[考查固定表达。句意：减少工业污染和净化污水需要多年的工作。这里是固定句式It takes (sb )+some time +to do sth做某事花费(某人)多长时间，故要用动词不定式to reduce。]

　[考查固定表达。句意：它要求你表现的像水一样灵活又有力。as well as和……一样。]

er　[考查固定表达。句意：你越是努力击败他，就越可能被击败。此处为“the+比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓”的句型，表示“越……就越……”。]

　[考查固定表达。既不要太贵也不要太便宜。既不……也不……。]

　[考查固定表达。他们将和拿着热土豆一样痛苦和困难。此处是“as+形容词+as”表示的同级比较句型。]

　[考查固定表达。他悉心照顾她，只给她最好的。nothing but只，仅仅。]

　[考查固定表达。我想知道为什么中国人用筷子，为什么不像美国人一样用刀叉呢?固定表达why not...为什么不……呢?]

　[考查固定表达。有时候饥饿感是如此强烈以至于我都把土豆片当作美味的点心。此处是结果状语从句，...结构。]

l　[考查固定表达。worse still更糟糕的是。]

　[考查强调句型。重要的是内在美。根据结构可知此处是强调句型it is/was +被强调部分+that/who +其他。此处强调的是主语ones inner beauty。]

　[考查固定表达。not 与……不一样。]

er　[考查固定表达。……它们可能是圆形的也可能是方形的。...或者……或者……。]

　[考查固定表达。used to do sth过去常常做某事 。收音机过去是家庭获得乐趣的主要方式，但现在已经不是了。]

The meaning of silence varies among cultural nces may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or nce may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with ons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs.

Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons efore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.

Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under ver, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be es should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.

does the author say about silence in conversations?

implies anger. promotes friendship.

is culture-specific. is content-based.

h of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?

Chinese. French.

Mexicans. Russians.

does the author advise nurses to do about silence?

it continue as the patient pleases.

k it while treating patients.

uate its harm to patients.

use of its healing effects.

may be the best title for the text?

d and Silence

It Means to Be Silent

nce to Native Americans

ch Is Silver; Silence Is Gold

Passage 2　(2016·全国)

话题：图书分享活动

词数：250

Reading can be a social k of the people who belong to book choose books to read and then meet to discuss , the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.

Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to Crossing provides an identification number to stick inside the the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.

Bruce Peterson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you Crossing combines both.”

Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee ver finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.

People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been e Peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.

BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟) site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.

★ does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?

explain what they are.

introduce BookCrossing.

stress the importance of reading.

encourage readers to share their ideas.

does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

book.

adventure.

C.A public place.

identification number.

will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?

other readers to discuss it.

it safe in his bookcase.

it on to another reader.

it back to its owner.

★ is the best title for the text?

ne Reading: A Virtual Tour

tronic Books: A new Trend

C.A Book Group Brings Tradition Back

D.A Website Links People through Books

Passage 3　(2016·全国)

话题：苹果节

词数：277

If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see whats ’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.

Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the ough it doesn?t taste of anything special, it?s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.

There are also varieties developed to suit specific local of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it?s a__pipe__dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.

At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.

Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit，including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园) you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale，near Faversham in Kent.

can people do at the apple events?

nd experts’ lectures.

t fruit-loving families.

t fruit trees in an orchard.

e many kinds of apples.

can we learn about Decio?

is a new variety. has a strange look.

is rarely seen now. has a special taste.

does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A.A practical idea. B.A vain hope.

C.A brilliant plan. D.A selfish desire.

is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

show how to grow apples.

introduce an apple festival.

help people select apples.

promote apple research.

Passage 4(2016·全国)

话题：好消息传播快

词数：338

Bad news it bleeds, it news is good news, and good news is no e are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

“The if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and dont care how you’re when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails，Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, er looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six of his first finds was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as er explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”

do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?

reports. arch papers.

ate e-mails. y conversations.

can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?

re socially inactive.

re good at telling stories.

re inconsiderate of others.

re careful with their words.

h tended to be the most e-mailed according to ers research?

ts news. nce articles.

onal accounts. ncial reviews.

can be a suitable title for the text?

Stories Travel Far Wide.

ne News Attracts More People.

ing Habits Change with the Times.

News Beats Bad on Social Networks.

Passage 　(2015·新课标全国)

话题：房间与身材

词数：316

Your house may have an effect on your rts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them can make your environment work for you instead of against are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.

Open the curtains and turn up the environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less self­conscious(难为情)when they're in poorly lit places-and so more likely to eat lots of your home doesn't have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.

Mind the arch suggests warm colors fuel our one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less when it's time to repaint，go blue.

Don't forget the clock-or the le who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their n keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 while you're at it，actually sit down to you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing makes you less likely to rush through a meal.

Downsize the serving bowls and plates can easily make us eat about 22 percent more when using a 12­inch plate instead of a 10­inch we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 we'll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass.

text is especially helpful for those who care about________.

r home comforts

r body shape

e buying

thy diets

2.A home environment in blue can help people________.

st food better

ce food intake

more calories

in their appetites

are people advised to do at mealtimes?

quickly.

fast music.

smaller spoons.

down the lights.

★ can be a suitable title for the text?

Your House Making You Fat?

of Serving Dinner

cts of Self­Consciousness

Your Home Environment Relaxing?

Passage 　(2015·安徽)

话题：家庭团结

词数：304

When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.

Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.

Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, “Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business.”

Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.

ne tied several chopsticks together to show________.

strength of family unity

difficulty of growing up

advantage of chopsticks

best way of giving a lesson

can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family________________.

ted a business in 1975

Vietnam without much money

ht a restaurant in San Francisco

ed a sandwich shop in Los Angeles

can we infer about the An daughters?

did not finish their college education.

could not bear to work in the family business.

were influenced by what Helene taught them.

were troubled by disagreement among family members.

★h of the following can be the best title for the passage?

to Run a Corporation

ngth Comes from Peace

to Achieve a Big Dream

ly Unity Builds Success

Passage 　(2015·安徽)

话题：互联网与记忆

词数：288

As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.

In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.

In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the computer. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remembered the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)”

According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.

★ passage begins with two questions to________.

oduce the main topic

the author's altitude

ribe how to use the Internet.

ain how to store information

can we learn about the first experiment?

Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer.

two groups remembered the information equally well.

first group did not try to remember the information.

second group did not understand the information.

transactive memory, people________.

the information in mind

ge the quantity of information

nize information like a computer

mber how to find the information

is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?

are using memory differently.

are becoming more intelligent.

have poorer memories than before.

need a better way to access information.

Passage 　(2015·四川)

话题：金字塔

词数：436

No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near a new study suggests they used a little rock‘n’­ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled then across the sand, the scientists say.

“Technically, I think what they're proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said.

People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge there's no obvious average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.

The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板) they would have dragged them along make the work easier, workers may have lubricated_the_paths either with wet clay or with the fat from has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.

Evidence from the sand supports this archers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.

However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought, ‘Why don't they just try rolling the things?’ ” A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he , he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”.

So he tried it.

He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30­kilogram stone action turned the block into somewhat a they placed the block on the ground.

They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.

West hasn't tested his idea on larger blocks，but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over least，workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.

's widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ________.

ing them on roads

ing them over the sand

ing them on smooth paths

ging them on some poles

underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means________.

the paths wet

the paths hard

the paths wide

the paths slippery

does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?

ing the blocks with poles attached.

ing the blocks on wooden wheels.

ing poles to move the blocks.

ing the blocks with fat.

is rolling better than sliding according to West?

use more force is needed for sliding.

use rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.

use sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.

use less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.

★ is the text mainly about?

experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.

application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.

argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.

introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.

Passage 9　(2015·天津)

话题：社会机器人

词数：309

Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few al robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.

While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.

The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different robot doesn't just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.

Social robots are not just finding their way into the have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.

Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the company's “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product's location in the can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.

The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees.“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us，” said Breazeal.

are social robots different from household robots?

can control their emotions.

are more like humans.

do the normal housework.

respond to users more slowly.

can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?

unicate with you and perform operations.

er your questions and make requests.

your family pictures and deliver milk.

your orders and remind you to take pills.

can Oshbot work as?

A.A language teacher. B.A tour guide.

C.A shop assistant. D.A private nurse.

can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will ________.

n employees

our workmates

ove technologies

the place of workers

does the passage mainly present?

A.A new design idea of household robots.

eting strategies for social robots.

rmation on household robots.

introduction to social robots.

Passage 　(2015·陕西)

话题：咖啡树种植

词数：307

The production of coffee beans is a huge，profitable business，but，unfortunately，full­sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of change in how coffee is grown from shade­grown production to full­sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds，and even disturbs the world's ecological balance.

On a local level，the damage of the forest required by full­sun fields affects the area's birds and shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species (物种)that depend on the trees' flowers and ­sun coffee growers destroy this forest a result，many species are quickly dying out.

On a more global level，the destruction of the rainforest for full­sun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human cal research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life，and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain addition，new coffee­growing techniques are poisoning the water locally，and eventually the world's groundwater.

Both locally and globally，the continued spread of full­sun coffee plantations (种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate，and studies show that the loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global over，the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的) soil conditions.

It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global consumers do have a can purchase shade­grown coffee whenever possible，although at a higher future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.

can we learn about full­sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?

limits the spread of new growing techniques.

leads to air pollution and global warming.

slows down the loss of shade trees.

improves local soil conditions.

purpose of the text is to________.

rtain rtise ruct uade

e does this text probably come from?

agricultural magazine.

B.A medical journal.

engineering textbook.

D.A tourist guide.

h of the following shows the structure of the whole text?

Passage 11　(2014·山东)

话题：Elizabeth为自由而战

词数：289

Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were the age of six months she was acquired，along with her sister，by John Ashley，a wealthy Massachusetts became known as“Mumbet”or“Mum Bett.”

For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley day，Ashley's wife tried to strike Mumbet's sister with a et protected her sister and took the blow ous，she left the house and refused to come the Ashleys tried to make her return，Mumbet consulted a lawyer，Theodore his help，Mumbet sued(起诉) for her freedom.

While serving the Ashleys，Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts the constitution said that all people were free and equal，then she thought it should apply to tually，Mumbet won her freedom—the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.

Strangely enough，after the trial，the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid declined and instead went to work for et died in 1829，but her legacy lived on in her many descendants(后裔) of her great­grandchildren was Bois，one of the founders of the NAACP，and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.

Mumbet's tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was reads，in part：“She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty could neither read nor write，yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.”

do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1?

was born a slave.

was a slaveholder.

had a famous sister.

was born into a rich family.

did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys?

found an employer.

wanted to be a lawyer.

was hit and got angry.

had to take care of her sister.

did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new constitution?

should always obey her owners' orders.

should be as free and equal as whites.

to be a good servant.

to apply for a job.

did Mumbet do after the trial?

chose to work for a lawyer.

founded the NAACP.

continued to serve the Ashleys.

went to live with her grandchildren.

★ is the text mainly about?

A.A story of a famous writer and spokesperson.

friendship between a lawyer and a slave.

life of a brave African American woman.

D.A trial that shocked the whole world.

Passage 　(2014·重庆)

话题：我与室友Kate

词数：298

I was never very neat，while my roommate Kate was extremely of her objects had its place，but mine always hid even labeled (贴标签)everything.I always looked for time，Kate got neater and I got would push my dirty clothing over，and I would lay my books on her tidy both got tired of each other.

War broke out one came into the ，I heard her screaming，“Take your shoes away!Why under my bed!”Deafened，I saw my shoes flying at me.I jumped to my feet and started yelled back louder.

The room was filled with could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone answered her end of the conversation，I could tell right away her grandma was seriously she hung up，she quickly crawled (爬)under her covers，ously，that was something she should not go through of a sudden，a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.

Slowly，I collected the pencils，took back the books，made my bed，cleaned the socks and swept the floor，even on her side.I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat was watching，her tears dried and her expression one of ，she reached out her hands to grasp mine.I looked up into her smiled at me，“Thanks.”

Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the didn't always agree，but we learned the key to living together：giving in，cleaning up and holding on.

made Kate so angry one evening?

couldn't find her books.

heard the author shouting loud.

got the news that her grandma was ill.

saw the author's shoes beneath her bed.

author tidied up the room most probably because ________.

was scared by Kate's anger

hated herself for being so messy

wanted to show her care

was asked by Kate to do so

is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?

analyzing causes.

showing differences.

describing a process.

following time order.

★ might be the best title for the story?

Friend Kate

Work Pays Off

to Be Organized

ning to Be Roommates

Passage 　(2014·重庆)

话题：肥胖与锻炼

词数：304

There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing people believe that they can't help putting on weight as they get older，while others hold that if they stop exercising，their muscles will turn into are some more myths：

I'll never lose weight—I come from a fat family

Wrong!While we can't change the body type we are born with，we can't blame our genes for making us e's plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families，and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.

I am fat because I burn calories slowly

Wrong!Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢) fact，although fat people consume more energy than slim people，they also fail to realize how much they eat!Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.

Exercise is boring

Wrong!Anything will become boring if you do it key is to develop a balanced and varied program that's fun as well as you enjoy a Sunday walk，take a different you do yoga，try a tai chi you like swimming，set yourself a distance or time challenge.

No pain，no gain

Wrong!Exercise is not meant to ed，pain is your body telling you something's wrong，and continuing to exercise could lead to serious may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly，but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively they don't，rest and seek medical advice.

does the author think about being fat?

is the family genes that make people fat.

le are fat because they consume too little energy.

C.A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.

is the consequence of people's unbalanced lifestyle.

rding to the author，how can we make exercise more interesting?

taking varied exercise.

choosing simple exercise.

doing regular exercise.

sticking to outdoor exercise.

is the author's opinion about“No pain，no gain”in exercising?

ing fit is essentially a painful experience.

cise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.

in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.

ing used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.

is the purpose of the passage?

declare the importance of keeping fit.

clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.

confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.

explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.

Passage 14　(2014·广东)

话题：音乐天才的故事

词数：348

Samuel Osmond is a 19­year­old law student from Cornwall， never studied the ver，he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears learns a piece of music by listening to it in he thinks about the notes in his years ago，he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata(奏鸣曲)by surprised everyone around him.

Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly，his teachers say Samuel is say his ability is very rare，but Samuel doesn't even realize that what he can do is el wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents，but music teachers told him he should study music ，he studies law and music.

Samuel can't understand why everyone is so surprised.“I grew up with mother played the piano and my father played the t two years ago，I suddenly decided to start playing the piano，without being able to read music and without having any comes easily to me—I hear the notes and can bear them in mind—each and every note，”says Samuel.

Recently，Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his piece had more than a thousand audience was impressed by his amazing is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can't play el says confidently，“It's all about super memory—I guess I have that gift.”

However，Samuel's ability to remember things doesn't stop with family says that even when he was a young boy，Samuel heard someone read a story，and then he could retell the story word for word.

Samuel is still only a doesn't know what he wants to do in the now，he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.

is special about Samuel Osmond?

has a gift for writing music.

can write down the note he hears.

is a top student at the law school.

can play the musical piece he hears.

can we learn from Paragraph 2?

el chose law against the wish of his parents.

el planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.

el thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.

el studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.

yone around Samuel was surprised because he ________.

ived a good early education in music

ed the guitar and the piano perfectly

d play the piano without reading music

d play the guitar better than his father

can we infer about Samuel in Paragraph 4?

became famous during a special event at his college.

is proud of his ability to remember things accurately.

plays the piano better than many professional pianists.

impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.

h of the following is the best title of this passage?

Qualities of a Musician

Story of a Musical Talent

Importance of Early Education

Relationship between Memory and Music

Passage 1　(2014·湖北)

话题：摩天大楼的争议

词数：408

London's newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to a height of almost 310 metres，it is the tallest building in Shard has completely changed the appearance of ver，not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.

The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo he began designing the Shard for London，Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖顶) wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the sides of the building aren't the building has an unusual looks like a very thin，sharp piece of broken that is how the building got the name：the o says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.

The Shard has 87 the top，there is an the moment the building is empty，but eventually there will be a five­star e will also be top quality restaurants，apartments and offices.

Before building work began，a lot of people didn't want the Shard though the plans were they are still unhappy about the critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York，but not in say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire that is the only e is no decoration，only flat Egyptians did that 4,500 years also think the Shard is too big for destroys the beauty of the city.

Other critics don't like what the Shard seems to say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.

The Shard now dominates the London is not certain，however，that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.

on's newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of ________.

cost size

shape height

he designed the Shard，Piano wanted it to _____________.

ge London's skyline

rit London's tradition

ate the Egyptian style

act potential visitors

critics who refer to social division think the Shard ________.

only preferred by the rich

intended for wealthy people

far away from the poor area

popular only with Londoners

h would be the best title for the passage?

Shard：Cheers and Claps

Shard：Work of a Great Architect

Shard：New Symbol of London?

Shard：A Change for the Better?

Passage 1　(2014·浙江)

话题：入乡随俗

词数：448

Here is some must­know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.

In Brazil

Brazilians are warm and often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the le often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek dules tend to be flexible，with business meetings sometimes starting later than to be safe，be on s can stretch for hours—there's no such thing as rushing a meal in hes also can start in the mid to late ilians are social，preferring face­to­face communication over emails or phone calls.

In Singapore

Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small，polite ness cards should be offered and received with two ving late is considered be on ciency(效率) is the goal，so meetings and dealings often are fast­aporeans are direct in their discussions，even when the subject is about is important and authority is determines how people interact in example，people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank.

In the United Arab Emirates

In the UAE，status is important，so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their handshake seems to be longer than do not pull away from the n should cover themselves when it comes to also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the le do not avoid entertaining in their homes，but they also hold business meals at hing or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be meetings are one­to­one，if your host offers you coffee，you should might seem odd，but it is a cultural ee should only be accepted if it is already set out or presented.

In Switzerland

The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last also are respectful of private should be careful not to ask about personal tuality (守时) is vital，something that comes from a deep respect for others' ve at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be also have clear structure in their er­ups make the final decisions，even if others might ，clean dress is Swiss follow formal table also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the is polite to finish the food on your plate.

★ passage is mainly about ________.

unication types

workplace atmosphere

oms and social manners

ng conditions and standards

do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss?

put efficiency in the first place.

dislike face­to­face communication.

want to finish meetings as quickly as possible.

are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank.

the UAE，when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered?

greeting seniors.

meeting the host alone.

attending a presentation.

dining with business partners.

which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table?

Brazil.

Singapore.

the United Arab Emirates.

Switzerland.

Passage 17　(2014·辽宁)

话题：无私的“母亲树”

词数：291

Would it surprise you to learn that，like animals，trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?

UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever ough Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest，Simard shows just how wrong he fact，the_opposite_is_true：trees survive through their cooperation and support，passing around necessary nutrition“depending on who needs it”.

Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks，making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains，and when one tree is destroyed，it affects all.

Simard talks about“mother trees”，usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation，transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to humans cut down“mother trees”with no awareness of these highly complex“tree societies”or the networks on which they feed，we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.

“We didn't take any notice of it，” Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying，but we never give them chance.”If we could put across the message to the forestry industry，we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.

underlined sentence“the opposite is true”in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees ________.

ete for survival

ect their own wealth

nd on each other

ide support for dying trees

2.“Mother trees”are extremely important because they ________.

the largest in size in the forest

on nutrition to young trees

more likely to be cut down by humans

more about the complex“tree societies”

underlined word“it”in the last paragraph refers to ________.

“tree societies”work

trees grow old

forestry industry develops

young trees survive

would be the best title for the passage?

Trees Communicate Like Humans

g Trees Are In Need Of Protection

s Are More Awesome Than You Think

s Contribute To Our Society

Passage 1　(2014·江西)

话题：公益组织

词数：339

Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes ine having to read this page，not with your eyes but with your finger­tips.

With existing medical knowledge and skills，two­thirds of the world's 42 million blind should not have to rtunately，rich countries possess most of this knowledge，while developing countries do not.

ORBIS is an international non­profit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye S intends to help fight blindness de a DC­8 aircraft，there is a fully­equipped teaching hospital with television studio and ors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people ect ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries.

ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three­week medical S has taught sight­saving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses，who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every S has conducted 17 plane programs in China so the seven to ten million blind in China ORBIS is planning to do more for the moment an ORBIS team is working on a long­term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care services to Shanxi S needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.

For just US $38，you can help one person see;for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people;$1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills;and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see money can open their eyes to the se help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.

first paragraph is intended to ________.

oduce a new way of reading

se the public to lead a simple life

ct the public's attention to the blind

urage the public to use imagination

do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?

are adequate.

have not been updated.

are not equally distributed.

have benefited most of the blind.

S aims to help the blind by ________.

hing medical students

ning doctors and nurses

ing flying hospitals globally

ing up non­profit organizations

does the author try to do in the last paragragh?

al for donations.

an advertisement.

ote training programs.

sympathy for the blind.

can be the best title for the passage?

S in China

ting Blindness

S Flying Hospital

t­saving Techniques

Passage 1　(2014·四川)

话题：九岁女孩创造的奇迹

词数：310

A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.

Izzy，nine，restarted father Colm's heart by stamping(踩)on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.

Izzy's mother，Debbie，immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father，so decided to use CPR.

However，she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough，so she stamped on her father's chest instead.

Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions(按压) until the ambulance arrived.

Izzy，who has been given a bravery award by her school，said：“I just kicked him really mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands.I was quite doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”

“She's a little star，”said Debbie，“I was really upset but Izzy just took over.I just can't believe what she did.I really think all children should be taught first did CPR then the doctor turned had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert.”

Truck driver Colm,35，suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital，but was sent home only for it to happen again the next second attack was so serious that his airway swelled，preventing him from breathing，his blood pressure dropped suddenly，and his heart stopped for a moment.

He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.

kicked her father in the chest ________.

express her helplessness

practise CPR on him

keep him awake

restart his heart

's the right order of the events?

①Izzy kicked Colm

②Debbie called 999

③Izzy learned CPR

④Colm's heart stopped.

A. B.

C. D.

does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?

Colm suffered.

's present condition.

caused Colm's allergy.

toms of Colm's allergic reaction.

does the author write the news?

describe a serious accident.

prove the importance of CPR.

report a 9­year­old girl's brave act.

call people's attention to allergic reaction.

Passage 　(2014·陕西)

话题：美国人为什么肥胖

词数：307

Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight，while the French，who consume rich food，continue to stay thin?Now a research by Cornell University suggests how lifestyle and decisions about eating may affect archers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel ver，Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.

According to ph Mercola，a health expert，the French see eating as an important part of their enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table，while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily ola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually they keep eating long after the French would have addition，he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the French，instead，tend to shop daily，walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits，vegetables，and eggs as well as high­quality meats for each meal.

After a visit to the United States，Mireille Guiliano，author of French Women Don't Get Fat，decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid y she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.

In spite of all these differences，evidence shows that recent lifestyle changes may be affecting French eating y the rate of obesity­or extreme overweight­among adults is only 6%ver，as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions，the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%-and is growing.

what way are the French different from Americans according to ph Mercola?

go shopping at supermarkets more frequently.

squeeze eating between the other daily activities.

regard eating as a key part of their lifestyles.

usually eat too much canned and frozen food.

text is mainly about the relationship between ________.

icans and the French

style and obesity

dren and adults

food and overweight

text is mainly developed ________.

contrast space

process classification

e does this text probably come from?

A.A TV interview. B.A food advertisement.

C.A health report. D.A book review.

考点二　细节理解题

Passage 1　(2016·全国)

话题：四位伟大女性

词数：260

You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

Jane Addams(1860-1935)

Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to ms helped the poor and worked for encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Rachel Carson(1907-1964)

If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.

Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)

When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952，she could not find work at a law firm because she was a became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and，in 1981, the first woman to join the eme nor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

Rosa Parks(1913-2005)

On December 1，1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a simple act landed Parks in it also set off the Montgomery bus lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was, was tired of giving in，”said Parks.

is Jane Addams noted for in history?

social work.

lack of proper training in law.

efforts to win a prize.

community background.

is the reason for OConnor’s being rejected by the law firm?

lack of proper training in law.

little work experience in court.

discrimination against women.

poor financial conditions.

made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?

Addams. el Carson.

ra Day OConnor. Parks.

can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?

are highly educated.

are truly creative.

are pioneers.

are peace-lovers.

Passage 2　(2016·全国)

话题：四则广告

词数：278

Whats On?

Electric__Underground

7.30 pm.—1.00 am.　Free at the Cyclops Theatre

Do you know whos playing in your area? We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30 pm. by Jules Skye, a successful record going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.

Gee__Whizz

8.30 pm.—10.30 pm.　Comedy at Kaleidoscope

Come and see Gee Whizz the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00 pm. for drinks and snacks(快餐

Simon’s__Workshop

5.00 pm.—7.30 pm.　Wednesdays at Victoria Stage

This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people n is a comedian and actor who has 10 years? experience of teaching workshops are exciting and evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.

Charlotte__Stone

8.00 pm.—11.00 pm.　Pizza World

Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening lotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食) early to get a bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.

★ can help you if you want to have your music produced?

s Skye. Whizz.

lotte Stone. s Pickering.

which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?

Cyclops Theatre idoscope

oria Stage a World

do we know about Simon’s Workshop?

requires membership status.

lasts three hours each time.

is run by a comedy club.

is held every Wednesday.

will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?

A.5.00 pm.—7.30 pm. B.7.30 pm.—1.00 am.

C.8.00 pm.—11.00 pm. D.8.30 pm.—10.30 pm.

Passage 3　(2016·全国)

话题：航海重现

词数：278

A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.

Frank Hurleys pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism—if they had been made last fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.

The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had ain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.

As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial ts last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world?s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew kleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still k Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.

★ do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?

were made last week.

showed undersea sceneries.

were found by a cameraman.

recorded a disastrous adventure.

reached the South Pole first according to the text?

k Hurley. st Shackleton.

rt Falcon Scott. line Alexander.

does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?

stic creation. ntific research.

y making. sure hunting.

Passage 4　(2016·全国)

话题：乐队广告

词数：184

Opera at Music Hall：1243 Elm season runs June through August，with additional performances in March and Opera honors enjoy the Arts membership e：：//.

Chamber Orchestra：The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through 723-1182 for more ：.

Symphony Orchestra：At Music Hall and ticket sales, call lar season runs September through May at Music Hall in summer at ：//

College Conservatory of Music (CCM)：Performances are on the main campus(校园)of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known Lasalle Quartet, CCMs Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern ents with can attend the events for free.A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at ：//

Riverbend Music Theater：6295 Kellogg e outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (piece difference) name shows all summer long! Phone：：///.

h number should you call if you want to see opera?

A.241-2742. B.723-1182.

C.381-3300. D.232-6220.

can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?

uary. B May.

C August. D November.

★e can students go for free performances with their ID cards?

c Hall.

rial Hall.

icia Cobbett Theater.

rbend Music Theater.

is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?

has seats in the open air.

gives shows all year round.

offers membership discounts.

presents famous musical works.

Passage 　(2015·新课标全国)

话题：艺术展

词数：221

Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and g the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces，most importantly The Persistence of e is also L'Enigme sans Fin from 1938，works on paper，objects，and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist's showman qualities.

The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning，the world of exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.

The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限).“From the infinity small to the infinity large，contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus：amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum­theatre in Figueras，” explains the Pompidou Centre.

The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in rsburg，Florida.

h of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?

mistic. uctive.

rous. itional.

is Dali's The Persistence of Memory considered to be?

of his masterworks.

B.A successful screen adaptation.

artistic creation for the stage.

of the best TV programmes.

are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?

popularity. importance.

size and shape. time and subject.

does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?

orks. ects.

tions. ments.

Passage 　(2015·新课标全国)

话题：倒霉的彩电

词数：272

My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn't fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy­five dollars less than I had set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the unately，I didn't got any channels showing all­night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.

Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static (静电) some reason，when certain shows switched into a commercial，a loud noise would sound for a few ually，this noise began to appear during a show，and to get rid of it，I had to change to another channel and then change it times this technique would not work，and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.

When neither of these methods removed the static noise，I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go last I ended up hitting the set with my fist，and it stopped working trip to the repair shop cost me $62，and the set is working well now，but I keep expecting more trouble.

did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?

got an older model than he had expected.

couldn't return it when it was broken.

could have bought it at a lower price.

failed to find any movie shows on it.

h of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?

d all their programs

ided fewer channels

ged to commercials

ed all­night movies

did the author finally get his TV set working again?

shaking and hitting it.

turning it on and off.

switching channels.

having it repaired.

4. How does the author sound when telling the story?

ous. ous.

ious. rous.

Passage 　(2015·新课标全国)

话题：高学费与责任感

词数：261

More students than ever before are taking a gap­year (间隔年)before going to used to be called the “year off” between school and gap­year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.

This year,25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year，according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS).

That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well­planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen ents who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，” he said.

But not everyone is n James，the president of the National Union of Students(NUS)，argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship-young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，”he said.

★1. What do we learn about the gap year from the text?

is flexible in length.

is a time for relaxation.

is increasingly popular.

is required by universities.

2. According to Tony Higgins，students taking a gap year________.

better prepared for college studies

a lot more about their future jobs

more likely to leave university in debt

a better chance to enter top universities

3. How does Owain James feel about the gap­year phenomenon?

's puzzled. 's worried.

's surprised. 's annoyed.

4. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?

nd additional courses.

plans for the new term.

money for their education.

are for their graduate studies.

Passage 　(2015·安徽)

话题：食物与文化

词数：298

Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.

Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.

Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.

Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red­colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.

Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.

★rding to the passage, sharing bread________.

cates a lack of food

help to develop unity

a custom unique to rural areas

its roots in birthday celebrations

does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?

t. ess.

th. therness.

author explains the role of food in celebrations by________.

g examples ng comparisons

yzing causes ribing processes

is the passage mainly about?

custom of sharing food.

specific meaning of food.

role of food in ceremonies.

importance of food in culture.

Passage 　(2015·湖北)

话题：小马驹

词数：384

“I see you've got a bit of water on your coat，” said the man at the petrol station.“Is it raining out there?”“No，it's pretty nice，” I replied，checking my sleeve.“Oh，right.A pony(马驹) bit me earlier.”

As it happened，the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor，and perhaps thought I'd jumped in ahead of him.

The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist­heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods，despite signs asking them not feeding the ponies，tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car，and make them harder to gather during the area's annual pony drift(迁移).

The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked，the baby ones can be stooped from feeding on their mother's milk，and those who've gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct of them are also later sold，in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.

Three weeks ago，I witnessed a small near­disaster a few miles west of e walking，I noticed a pony roll over on his back.“Hello!” I said to him，assuming he was just rolling for fun，but he was very still and，as I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.I began to properly worry about unately，I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor's Livestock Protection officer and send her a officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony had actually been trapped between two farmer freed him，and he began to run happily around again.

Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies，who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this people are working hard to preserve these ponies，and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoor's most financially­troubled elements.

are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?

protect the tourists from being bitten.

keep the ponies off the petrol station.

avoid putting the ponies in danger.

prevent the ponies from fighting.

of the purposes of the annual pony drift is _____________________________.

feed baby ponies on milk

control the number of ponies

expand the habitat for ponies

sell the ponies at a good price

was the author's first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back?

freed it from the trap.

called a protection officer.

worried about it very much.

thought of it as being naughty.

does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor's ponies?

lacks people's involvement.

costs a large amount of money.

will affect tourism in Dartmoor.

has caused an imbalance of species.

Passage 　(2015·四川)

话题：母亲节

词数：335

Across Britain，burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers，But，according to a new study，we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.

Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid ，the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours，they would earn as much as$172,000 a year.

The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do，as well as the hours they are working，to determine the would make their yearly income $30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.

By analysing the numbers，it found the average mother works 119 hours a week,40 of which would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as r questioning 1,000 mothers with children under 18，it found that，on most days，mums started their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm.

To calculate just how much mothers would earn from that labour，it suggested some of the roles that mums could take on，including housekeeper，part­time lawyer，personal trainer and g a part­time lawyer，at $48.98 an hour，would prove to be the most profitable of the “mum jobs”，with psychologist(心理学家)a close second.

It also asked mothers about the challenges they face，with 80 percent making emotional(情感的) demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.

Over a third of mums felt they needed more training and around half said they missed going out with friends.

The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mother's emotional，physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never­ending，but children are also sources of great joy and sting(投入)in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent.

★ much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?

A.￡30,000. B.￡142,000.

C.￡172,000. D.￡202,000.

biggest challenge for most mothers is from________.

ional demand

pay for work

y workload

of training

is stressed in the last paragraph?

ers' importance shows in family all year long.

sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile.

ers' devotion to children can hardly be calculated.

sting time in parenting would bring a financial return.

can we conclude from the study?

ers' working hours should be largely reduced.

ers should balance their time for work and rest.

ers' labour is of a higher value than it is realised.

ers should be freed from housework for social life.

Passage 11　(2015·天津)

话题：大学宿舍规范

词数：342

University Room Regulations

Approved and Prohibited Items

The following items are approved for use in residential(住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD s that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless se note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.

Access to Residential Rooms

Students are provided with a combination(组合密码) for their room door locks upon check­ not share your room door lock combination with Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with fee is $25 to change a room combination.

Cooking Policy

Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the ents must clean up after is not the responsibility of housekeeping hens that are not kept clean may be closed for the exception of using a small microwave oven(微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.

Pet Policy

No pets except fish are permitted in student ents who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, are subject to an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per ents receive written notice when the fine goes into , one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.

Quiet Hours

Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the mum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11：00 pm to 8：00 am Sunday through t hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1：00 am to 8：00 ents who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25.

★h of the following items are allowed in student rooms?

ing fans and waterbeds.

less routers and radios.

dryers and candles.

and electric blankets.

if a student is found to have told his combination to others?

combination should be changed.

Office should be charged.

should replace the door lock.

should check out of the room.

do we know about the cooking policy?

A.A microwave oven can be used.

ing in student rooms is permitted.

C.A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.

ents are to close kitchen doors after cooking.

a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning, he will face ________.

nt visits B.a fine of $100

Student Court D.a written notice

can students enjoy a party in residences?

A.7：00 am, Sunday. B.7：30 am, Thursday.

C.11：30 pm, Monday. D.00：30 am, Saturday.

Passage 　(2015·福建)

话题：美食节

词数：362

Food festivals around the world

Stilton Cheese Rolling

May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual s of four，dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50­metre the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane(赛道)etition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones) the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.

Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on Earth

Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction—food that is not just spicy(辛辣)，but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes r destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every might like to try a chocolate­covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on one thing's for sure—if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you!

La Tomatina—The World's Biggest Food Fight

On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts La Tomatina—the world's largest food fight.A week­long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight­starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.

The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights everyone heads down to the river to make friends again—and for a much­needed wash!

★ the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must ________.

various formal clothes

a wooden cheese in their own lane

or throw their cheese

a real cheese weighing about four kilos

e is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held?

New Mexico. the Caribbean.

Australia. China.

celebration of La Tomatina lasts ________.

e days n days

than three days than seven days

h of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.

than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.

sands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.

exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.

Passage 　(2014·四川)

话题：做志愿者吧

词数：187

Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life?

If yes，don't care about sex or age!Come and join us，then you'll_make_it!

Position：Volunteer Social Care Assistant(No Pay with Free Meals)

Place：Manchester

Hours：Part Time

We are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives!Only 4 days 't miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!

Role：

You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily will help them to develop new will help them to protect their rights and their your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.

Skills and Experience Required：

You will have the right values and great listening will be honest and will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you'll have to help those people with different learning ious care­related experience will be a great advantage for you.

text is meant to ________.

e a note

an invitation

ent a document

y an advertisement

does the underlined part mean?

'll make others' lives more meaningful with this job.

'll arrive home just in time from this job.

'll earn a good salary from this job.

'll succeed in getting this job.

★ volunteers' primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities ________.

get some financial support

properly protect themselves

learn some new living skills

realize their own importance

h of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer?

one who can drive a car.

one who has done similar work before.

one who has patience to listen to others.

one who can use English to communicate.

Passage 1　(2014·江苏)

话题：机会成本

词数：430

However wealthy we may be，we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we omics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost，which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else.

Every hour of our time has a every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another，or be sleeping or watching a of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely，what they cost us in missed opportunities.

Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the not，you might reason，watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends?This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.

For economists，every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on，you ought to be able to make better­informed，more reasonable ider that most famous economic rule of all：there's no such thing as a free if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free，the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.

Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging：imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or ，in a sense it's human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.

In the business world，a popular phrase is“value for money.”People want their cash to go as far as ver，another is fast obtaining an advantage：“value for time.”The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something，so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities，such as sleeping and return，however，this passage will help you to think like an economist，closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.

★rding to the passage，the concept of“opportunity cost”is applied to ________.

ng more money

ng more opportunities

cing missed opportunities

hing the choice of opportunities

“”in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ________.

ed for watching the match at home

n to have dinner with friends

t on the way to and from the match

d from not going to watch the match

are forgone opportunities?

rtunities you forget in decision­making.

rtunities you give up for better ones.

rtunities you miss accidentally.

rtunities you make up for.

Passage 1　(2014·安徽)

话题：大象与蜜蜂

词数：334

Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big，tough African elephants running away，a new study ives (蜂窝)—either recorded or real—may even prevent elephants from damaging farmers' crops.

In 2002，scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in y，Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating before she asked farmers to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms，she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.

Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a she threw a stone into the beehive，which burst into and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed ，Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a tree close to each family.

From a distance，Lucy switched on the pre­recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video the elephant groups left the area within ten of a total of 17 groups，only one group ignored the sound of the angry reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under Lucy played the sound of a waterfall (瀑布) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families，the animals were after four minutes，most of the groups stayed in one place.

Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several hasn't tested enough groups yet to know，but her initial (最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.

★ know from the passage that elephants may be frightened of ________.

noises crops

o cameras y bees

2. As mentioned in the passage，Lucy ________.

s by herself in Africa

s to test more elephant groups

stopped elephants eating crops

got farmers to set up beehives on their farms

did Lucy throw a stone into a wild beehive?

record the sound of bees.

make a video of elephants.

see if elephants would run away.

find out more about the behavior of bees.

h of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

g elephants ignore African honeybees.

rfalls can make elephants stay in one place.

hants do not go near trees with bees living in them.

ers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.

Passage 16　(2014·北京)

话题：水族馆

词数：340

Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium (水族馆)

The all­new Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium，situated in the heart of Melbourne's CBD，is one of Victoria's leading visitor attractions and an unforgettable outing for the whole ng 12 amazing zones of discovery，Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very place that you cannot miss when you visit the city.

* Opening Times

Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is open from 9：30 am until 6：00 pm every day of the year，including public admission is at 5：00 pm，one hour before closing.

* Location (位置)

Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is located on the corner of Flinders Street and King Street， is situated on the Yarra River，opposite Crown Entertainment Complex.

* Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium

Train

Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is a short walk from either Flinders or Southern Cross train stations.

Tram(有轨电车)

The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium tram stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route (公交线路) and also routes 70 and Circle trams run every 10 minutes in both directions.

Shuttle Bus

The Melbourne City Tourist Shuttle is a free bus service，stopping at key tourist attractions in and around the ing daily，every 15 minutes from 10：00 am to 4：00 pm.

* Car Parking

While there is no public car parking at Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium，there are several public car parking lots available only a short walk away.

* Wheelchair Access

Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium provides people in wheelchairs with full access to all 12 floor also has wheelchair accessible toilets.

* Terms

Tickets will be emailed to you immediately after purchase or you can download and print your ticket once payment has been se print out all tickets purchased and present at the front entrance of Sea Life Melbourne ticket，no entry!

★ Life Melbourne Aquarium ________.

located at the center of the CBD in the city

12 most attractive places in Melbourne

ts visitors from 9：30 am until 6：00 pm

beside Crown Entertainment Complex

ing to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium，visitors can take ________.

ns from Southern Cross train station

tle buses around the train station

s across the Yarra River

er tram route 70 or 75

Life Melbourne Aquarium offers visitors ________.

car parking lchair access

rnet connection sportation service

ets to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium ________.

free to all visitors

be purchased by email

checked at the entrance

be printed at the ticket office

Passage 1　(2014·新课标全国)

话题：Mark Turin挽救濒临消失的语言

词数：332

As more and more people speak the global languages of English，Chinese，Spanish，and Arabic，other languages are rapidly fact，half of the 6,000～7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century，according to the United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

In an effort to prevent language loss，scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.

Mark Turin，a scientist at the Macmillan Center，Yale University，who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas，is following in that_ recently published book，A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture，grows out of his experience living，working and raising a family in a village in Nepal.

Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin，who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India，Nepal，Bhutan，and he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.

At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including photographs，films，tape recordings，and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.

Now，through the two organizations that he has founded—the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents，found in libraries and stores around the world，available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally ks to digital technology and the widely available Internet，Turin notes，the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.

scholars are making efforts to ________.

ote global languages

ue disappearing languages

ch for language communities

up language research organizations

does“that tradition”in Paragraph 3 refer to?

ng full records of the languages.

ing books on language teaching.

ing stories about language users.

ng with the native speakers.

is Turin's book based on?

cultural studies in India.

documents available at Yale.

language research in Bhutan.

personal experience in Nepal.

h of the following best describes Turin's work?

e，sell and donate.

rd，repair and reward.

ect，protect and reconnect.

gn，experiment and report.

Passage 1　(2014·北京)

话题：做正确的决定

词数：426

Choosing the Right Resolution (决定)

Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with，a goal of losing ver，setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.

To reach our goal of losing weight—the output，we need to control what we eat—the input (输入) is，we tend to care about the output but not to control the is a bad way to construct alternative is to focus your resolution on the ead of resolving to lose weight，try an actionable resolution：“I'll stop having dessert for lunch，”or“I'll walk every day for 20 minutes.”Creating a goal that focuses on a well­specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.

Recently a new science behind incentives (激励)，including in education，has been example，researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in some cases，he gave students incentives based on input，like reading certain books，while in others，the incentives were based on output，like results on main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on r's conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam，aside from general rules like“study harder.”Reading certain books，on the other hand，is a well­set task over which they have much more control.

As long as you have direct control over your goal，you have a much higher chance of it's easier to start again if you fail，because you know exactly what you need to do.

If you want to cut down on your spending，a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a café，for is a well­specified action­based goal for which you can measure your success ding less money isn't a goal because it's too larly，if you want to spend more time with your family，don't stop with this general k about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to，like a family movie night every Wednesday.

In the long run，these new goals could become a habit.

writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because ________.

is hard to achieve for most Americans

is focused too much on the result

is dependent on too many things

is based on actionable decisions

Roland Fryer's research，some students did better than the others because ________.

obeyed all the general rules

paid more attention to exams

were motivated by their classmates

were rewarded for reading some books

rding to the writer，which of the following statements is a good goal?

A.“I'll give up dessert.”

B.“I'll study harder.”

C.“I'll cut down my expenses.”

D.“I'll spend more time with my family.”

writer strongly believes that we should ________.

lop good habits and focus on the outcome

optimistic about final goals and stick to them

specific actions that can be turned into good habits

ambitious goals that can balance the input and output

Passage 19　(2014·天津)

话题：大学指南

词数：340

A Guide to the University

Food

The TWU Cafeteria is open 7 am to 8 serves snacks(小吃)，drinks，ice cream bars and can pay with cash or your ID can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria，you can use the tables to eat your lunch，to have meetings and to study.

If you are on campus in the evening or late at night，you can buy snacks，fast food，and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Douglas area is often used for entertainment such as concerts，games or TV watching.

Relaxation

The Globe，located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall，is available for relaxing，studying，cooking，and hly activities are held here for all international s are 10 am to 10 pm，closed on Sundays.

Health

Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall，the Wellness Centre is committed to physical，emotional and social health.A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal cost of this is included in your medical s are Monday to Friday,9 am to noon and 1：00 to 4：30 pm.

Academic Support

All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas ，qualified volunteers will work with you on written work，grammar，vocabulary，and other academic can sign up for an appointment on the sign­up sheet outside the door：two 30­minute appointments per week service is free.

Transportation

The TWU Express is a shuttle(班车) shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre，leaving from the Mattson ation hours are between 9 am and 3 pm，Saturdays d trip fare is $1.

can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?

homework and watch TV.

drinks and enjoy concerts.

meals and meet with friends.

money to your ID and play chess.

e and when can you cook your own food?

Globe，Friday.

Lower Café，Sunday.

TWU Cafeteria，Friday.

McMillan Hall，Sunday.

Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre ________.

open six days a week

rs services free of charge

ns students in medical care

s advice on mental health

can you seek help from the Writing Centre?

applying online.

calling the centre.

filling in a sign­up form.

going to the centre directly.

is the function of TWU Express?

carry students to the lecture halls.

provide students with campus tours

take students to the Mattson Centre.

transport students to and from the stores.

Passage 　(2014·江西)

话题：度假村活动

词数：411

HOLIDAY FUN AT THE POWERHOUSE

500 HARRIS STREET ULTIMO ·TELEPHONE (02)9217 0111

Join in the holiday fun at the Powerhouse this month linked to our new exhibition，Evolution & Revolution：Chinese dress 1700s to 'T FORGET our other special event，the Club Med Circus School which is part of the Circus(马戏团)!150 years of circus in Australia exhibition experience!

Chinese Folk Dancing：Colorful Chinese dance and musical performances by The Chinese Folk Dancing School of es include：the Golden stick dance and the Chinese drum dance.A feature will be the Qin Dynasty Emperor's court included is a show of face painting for Beijing Opera performances.

Sunday 29 June and Wednesday 2 July in the Turbine Hall，at 11.30 am & 1.30 pm.

Australian Chinese Children's Arts Theatre：Well­known children's play experts from Shanghai lead this dynamic youth ormances include Chinese fairy tales and plays.

Thursday 3 to Sunday 6 July in the Turbine Hall，at 11.30 am & 1.30 pm.

Chinese Youth League: A traditional performing arts group featuring performance highlights such as the Red scarf and Spring flower dances，and a musician playing Er Hu.

Sunday 6 to Tuesday 8 July in the Turbine Hall,11.30 am to 1.30 pm.

Kids Activity：Make a Paper Horse: Young children make a paper horse cut­out.(The horse is a frequent theme in Chinese painting，indicating a kind of advancement.) Suitable for ages 8­12 years.

Saturday 28 June to Tuesday 8 July in the Turbine Hall，12.00 pm to 1.00 pm.

◆Club Med Circus School: Learn circus skills，including the trapeze，trampolining and only for children over e are 40 places available in each 1 hour session and these must be booked at the front desk，level 4，on the day.

Tuesday 1 to Saturday 5 July at 11.30 am & 1.00 pm.

Enjoy unlimited free visits and many other benefits by becoming a Family member of the family memberships cover two adults and all children under the age of 16 years at the one address.

Members receive Powerline，our monthly magazine，discounts in the shops and the restaurants，as well as free admission to the this for as little as $50,00 a year!Call (02)9217 0600 for more details.

★ can you watch the Chinese drum dance?

July 2. July 3.

July 6. July 8.

learn the magic tricks，you can go to ________.

Activity

ese Youth League

Med Circus School

dren's Arts Theatre

is required if you want to enjoy free visits to the Museum?

ing (02)9217 0600.

ing family membership.

ng for the holiday fun.

ng Powerline $50.00 a year.

is the main purpose of the text?

attract visitors.

present schedules.

report the performances.

teach kids Chinese arts.

Passage 　(2014·广东)

话题：洋流研究

词数：341

Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流) do it using satellites and other high­tech ver，ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way—by studying movements of random floating garbage.A scientist with many years' experience，he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United e were so many shoes that people were setting up swap_meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.

Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes—about 60,000 in total—fell into the ocean in a shipping phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes expected，the company told him that they didn'smeyer realized this could be a great he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed，he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.

The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing(海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here，and as a result，there is a group of serious beachcombers in the smeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 this data，he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents，and publish the findings of their study.

As the result of his work，Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts，with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.

underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.

ing rooms ing fairs

ness talks p meetings

smeyer phoned the shoe company to find out ________.

caused the shipping accident

and where the shoes went missing

her it was all right to use their shoes

much they lost in the shipping accident

did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?

collecting information from beachcombers.

studying the shoes found by beachcombers.

searching the web for ocean currents models.

researching ocean currents data in the library.

smeyer is most famous for ________.

eling widely the coastal cities of the world

ng records for any lost objects on the sea

ing a global currents research association

ing about any doubtful objects on the sea

is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?

call people's attention to ocean pollution.

warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.

explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.

give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.

Passage 22　(2014·湖北)

话题：宽容的力量

词数：397

Before I had my son，I spent two years working with children with disabilities.I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a ng up against their behaviour could only make the job harder and their behaviour more extreme.I found something that worked，though.

There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge of day the boy joined a session in the room next to appearance created an atmosphere of spent the entire session running around，hitting and kicking，and destroying property.

I was in the craft room working with some other children when my co­worker told me that this boy's teacher was in tears，and could not get control of the we were talking，the boy ran in.I told my co­worker that I would take care of him.

I closed the was full of energy，throwing things around and making a huge I could see that he was doing all these to annoy needed connection，and this was the only way he knew how to ask for I sat back down and kept he slowed down and began making a rocket.I talked to him about continued like this for a few minutes before I slipped into the conversation：

“So what happened today?”

It was purely a question，no blame or anger in my tone.I believe that if I had criticized him，the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly told me that the teacher didn't let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he also admitted that he had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game.I explained that his teacher had not seen it as a game and was very again was stated simply as a fact.I suggested that next time he had a session，he talk about what he hoped to do at the start，which might be easier for agreed and was quiet for a he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize.

★ boy made trouble for his teacher because he ______________________________.

accused of destroying property

told not to yell at other children

made to do things against his will

blamed for creating an air of tension

didn't the author do anything about the boy's bad behavior at first?

didn't want to make it worse.

didn't mind the huge mess at all.

was tired of shouting and threats.

hadn't thought of a coping strategy.

author managed to get the boy to talk to her by ________.

ing games with him

ng him a good suggestion

ribing his teacher's feelings

ding making critical remarks

did the boy have tears in his eyes in the end?

was sorry about his reputation.

was regretful about his behavior.

was fearful of the author's warning.

was sad for the author's misunderstanding.

Passage 　(2014·大纲全国)

话题：地铁指南

词数：294

Metro Pocket Guide

Metrorail(地铁)

Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.

Farecard machines are in every g small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.

Get one day of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day it from a farecard machine in Metro it after 9：30 l closing on weekdays，and all day on weekends and holidays.

Hours_of_service

Open：5 .­Fri 7 ­Sun.

Close：midnight Sun.­Thurs.3 .­ts

Last train times avoid (避免) missing the last train，please check the last train times posted in stations.

Metrobus

When paying with exact change，the fare is $ paying with a SmarTrip® card the fare is $1.25

Fares_for_senior/disabled_customers

Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular Metrorail and Metrobus，use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip® more information about buying senior/disabled farecards，SmarTrip® cards and passes，please visit or call 202­637­7000 and 202­637­8000.

Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202­962­1100.

Travel_tips

·Avoid riding during weekday rush periods—before 9：30 between 4 and 6 p.m.

·If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station，please call Lost & Found at 202­962­1195.

★ should you know about farecard machines?

start selling tickets at 9：30 a.m.

are connected to change machines.

offer special service to the elderly.

make change for no more than $5.

what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?

midnight. 3 a.m.

5 a.m. 7 p.m.

is good about a SmarTrip® card?

is convenient for old people.

saves money for its users.

can be bought at any time.

is sold on the Internet.

h Number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?

A.202­962­1195 B.202­962­1100

C.202­637­7000 D.202­637­8000

考点三　推理判断题

Passage 1　(2016·全国)

话题：父母照顾孙子现象

词数：277

Grandparents Answer a Call

As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say was four years y all three generations regard the move as a success，giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.

No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and there is evidence suggesting that the trend is President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her rding to a study of grandparents. com，83 percent of the people said nsons decision will influence grandparents in the American -thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.

“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough and fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，”says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important to be near them, especially when youre raising children.”

Moving is not for st every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently ng your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.

★ was Garza’s move a success?

strengthened her family ties.

improved her living conditions.

enabled her make more friends.

helped her know more new places.

was the reaction of the public to nson’s decision?

A.17% expressed their support for it.

people responded sympathetically.

C.83% believed it had a bad influence.

majority thought it was a trend.

did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?

were unsure of themselves.

were eager to raise more children.

wanted to live away from their parents.

had little respect for their grandparent.

does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?

decisions in the best interests of their own

their children to pay more visits to them

ifice for their struggling children

to know themselves better

Passage 2　(2016·全国)

话题：拼装玩具的魔力

词数：278

Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said：“Make something out of the have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”

A few students hesitated to waited to see the rest of the class would ral others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans her group built something out of their own imaginations.

Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a was an exceptionally creative mind at presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.

Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of out fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”

“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”

“Oh, sure.”

“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly ng in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“Thats pretty does that for you?”

“Nobody.I do it.”

“Really—at night, when youre asleep?”

“Sure.”

“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”

teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to________.

more about the students

the lessons more exciting

e the students interest in art

h the students about toy design

do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?

liked to help his teacher.

preferred to study alone.

was active in class.

was imaginative.

does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

ake. back.

iculty. en.

did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?

help them to see their creativity.

find out about their sleeping habits.

help them to improve their memory.

find out about their ways of thinking.

Passage 　(2015·新课标全国)

话题：不一样的冬天

词数：353

The freezing Northeast hasn't been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter，so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota，Florida，my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”.I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C)，thinking of beaches and orange we touched down to blue skies and warm air，I sent up a small prayer of ming pools，wine tasting，and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours，not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend，but the best part—particularly to my taste，dulled by months of cold­weather root vegetables—was a 7 nture to the Sarasota farmers' market that proved to be more than worth the early wake­up call.

The market，which was founded in 1979，sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 a.m. to 1 or shine，along North Lemon and State ets of perfect red strawberries，the red­painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck;and most of all，the tomatoes：amazing，large，soft and round red tomatoes.

Disappointed by many a broken，vine­ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise，I've refused to buy winter tomatoes for matter how attractive they look in the store，once I get them home they're unfailingly dry，hard，and I homed in，with uncertainty，on one particular table at the Brown's Grove Farm's stand，full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my e were the real deal—and at that moment，I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn't be experiencing again for months.

Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight，my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown's Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty，a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton，where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very out even seeing the menu，I knew I'd be ordering every tomato on it.

did the author think of her winter life in New York?

ting. ng. xing. ying.

made the author's getting up early worthwhile?

ng a swim.

thing in fresh air.

ing in the morning sun.

ting a local farmer's market.

★ can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?

are soft. look nice.

taste great. are juicy.

was the author going to do that evening?

to a farm. k into a hotel.

in a restaurant. fresh vegetables.

Passage 　(2015·新课标全国)

话题：精神咖啡馆

词数：310

Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La evening，as on every Thursday night，psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France's favorite pastimes，coffee drinking and the “talking cure” they are learning to get in touch with their true isn't always customers—some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session—are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect.“You are forbidden to say ‘one feels，’ or ‘people think’，”Lehanne told them.“Say ‘I think，’ ‘Think me’.”

A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed?It couldn't seem more un­ Lehanne's psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself：It's trying to help the city's troubled neighborhood the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours，a fast­food boom and a younger generation's desire to spend more time at ns of new theme cafes appear to change the s focused around psychology，history，and engineering are catching on，filling tables well into the evening.

The city's “psychology cafes”，which offer great comfort，are among the most popular le­aged homemakers，retirees，and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love，anger and dreams with a they come to Lehanne's group just to learn to say what they feel.“There's a strong need in Paris for communication，”says Maurice Frisch a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church.“People have few real they need to open up.”Lehanne says she'd like to see psychology cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives，these cafes wouldn't exist，”she says，“If life weren't a battle，people wouldn't need a special place just to speak.”But then，It wouldn't be France.

are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?

n a new subject.

in touch with friends.

off their knowledge.

ess their true feelings.

are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?

are less frequently visited.

stay open for longer hours.

have bigger night crowds.

start to serve fast food.

are theme cafes expected to do?

te more jobs. ly better drinks.

the cafe business. e the neighborhood.

are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?

bring people true friendship.

give people spiritual support.

help people realize their dreams.

offer a platform for business links.

Passage 　(2015·天津)

话题：书的魅力

词数：407

One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem—inability to read.

In the library, I found my way into the “Children's Room.” I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at cover of a book caught my presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle.

There on the book's cover was a beagle which looked identical(相同的) to my dog.I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the eyes ran across the title, Amos, the Beagle with a owingly, I had read the out opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer.

Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos.I read very, very slowly with gh pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.

My mother's call returned me to the real world.I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that yone knew I could not I had read s could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.

I never told my mother about my “miraculous” (奇迹般地) experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and power of the words has held.

author's mother told him to borrow a book in order to ________.

urage him to do more walking

him spend a meaningful summer

cure him of his reading problem

him learn more about weapons

book caught the author's eye because ________.

contained pretty pictures of animals

reminded him of his own dog

found its title easy to understand

liked children's stories very much

could the author manage to read the book through?

was forced by his mother to read it.

identified with the story in the book.

book told the story of his pet dog.

happy ending of the story attracted him.

★ can be inferred from the last paragraph?

author has become a successful writer.

author's mother read the same book.

author's mother rewarded him with books.

author has had happy summers ever since.

h one could be the best title of the passage?

Charm of a Book

's Strict Order

ion with My Beagle

Passion for Reading

Passage 　(2015·陕西)

话题：生还的奇迹

词数：295

When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life，she did what comes four­year­old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and，being a city animal，lost both her sheep and her sense of she ran along the edge of a cliff (悬崖) and fell 100 feet，bouncing off a rock into the sea.

Her owner Mike Holden panicked and called the coastguard of Cornwall，who turned up in volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90­minute search.

Three days later，a hurricane hit the coast near en returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was comforted himself with the thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the country.

For the next two weeks，the Holdens were ，one day，the phone rang and Steve Tregear，the coastguard of Cornwall，asked Holden if he would like his dog back.

A birdwatcher，armed with a telescope，found the pet sitting desperately on a e he sounded the alarm, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.

The dog had initially been knocked unconscious (失去知觉的) but had survived by drinking water from a fresh stream at the base of the may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge.“The dog was very thin and hungry，”Steve Tregear said.“It was a very lucky survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water，”he added.

It was，as en admitted，“a minor miracle (奇迹)”.

dog Judy fell down the cliff when she was ________.

uing her owner ht in a hurricane

ked by a rock ing after a sheep

spotted Judy after the accident?

A.A birdwatcher. B.A student from Leeds.

volunteers. coastguard of Cornwall.

can we infer from the text?

le like to travel with their pets.

was taken to the fields for hunting.

plays a vital role in Judy's survival.

en cared little where Judy was buried.

h of the following can be the best title for the text?

cle of the Coastguard.

iving a Hurricane.

ers in the Wild.

ng Back from the Dead.

Passage 　(2015·福建)

话题：父亲的教育

词数：412

Papa, as a son of a dirt­poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich , the world became his great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown.“There's so much to learn，” he'd say.“Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒绝) an education.

Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each gh, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point.

Then came the moment—the time to share the day's new learning.

Papa, at the head of the table, would push back his chair and pour a glass of red wine, ready to listen.

“Felice，” he'd say, “tell me what you learned today.”

“I learned that the population of Nepal is....”

Silence.

Papa was thinking about what was said, as if the salvation(拯救) of the world would depend upon it.“The population of ....” he'd say.“Get the map; let's see where Nepal is.” And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.

This same experience was repeated until each family member had a er ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.

As children, we thought very little about these educational family, however, was growing together, sharing experiences and participating in one another's by looking at us, listening to us, respecting our input, affirming(肯定) our value, giving us a sense of dignity, Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.

Later during my training as a future teacher，I studied with some of the most famous were imparting(传授) what Papa had known all along—the value of continual technique has served me well all my a single day has been wasted, though I can never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might prove useful.

do we know from the first paragraph?

author's father was born in a worker's family.

e born stupid could not change their life.

town elders wanted to learn about the world.

poor could hardly afford school education.

underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “________”.

new thing B.a request

news comment

can be learned from the passage that the author ________.

yed talking about news

very well about Nepal

regret about those wasted days

eciated his father's educational technique

is the greatest value of “dinner time” to the author?

inual learning.

ing talents.

ly get­together.

ing Papa's approval.

author's father can be best described as ________.

educator expert at training future teachers

B.a parent insistent on his children's education

C.a participant willing to share his knowledge

D.a teacher strict about everything his students did

Passage 　(2015·湖南)

话题：灯塔管理员的故事

词数：356

Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly? Imagine having your entire house, garage, and yard inspected at any time—with no warning. Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse (灯塔) living, and a keeper's reputation depended on the results. A few times each year, an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station. The inspections were supposed to be a surprise, but keepers sometimes had advance notice.

Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching. After boats began flying special flags noting the inspector was aboard, the keeper's family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last­minute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap. Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.

Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection. At the time, people did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs. Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth and stuck them in the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking. He never did.

One day, Glenn Furst's mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house. Like floor wax, the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the time, though, she used a little too much oil. When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn's mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. “He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight，” Glenn later wrote. After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn's mother's hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.

does Paragraph 1 tell us about the inspection at the light station?

was carried out once a year.

was often announced in advance.

was important for the keeper's fame.

was focused on the garage and yard.

family began making preparations immediately after ________.

of the members saw the boat

B.a warning call reached the lighthouse

keeper put on the dress uniform and cap

inspector flew special flags in the distance

★. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would________.

lt in some fun

d up washing them

her home look tidy

a demand from the inspector

the inspector had opened the oven door, he would have seen________.

empty pan

clean dishes

es of baked bread

D.a cloth covering something

inspector waved his arms ________.

try his best to keep steady

show his satisfaction with the floor

extend a warm greeting to Glenn's mother

express his intention to continue the inspection

Passage 　(2014·四川)

话题：男性和女性的差异

词数：329

Women are men are more have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin(荷尔蒙催生素)ough known as the love hormone，it affects the sexes differently.

“Women tend to be social in their often share with men tend to be are trying to improve their social status，”said Professor Ryan.

Generally，people believe that the hormone exytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions(互动)such as falling in love or giving birth.

But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.

Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships，but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.

Professor Ryan's recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37.

Half of the participants(参与者)received other half received placebo(安慰剂).

After a week，the two groups switched with went through the same procedure with the other material.

Following each treatment，they were shown some video pictures with different social they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions were about telling friendship from their answers should be based on gestures，body language and facial expressions.

The results indicated that，after treatment with oxytocin，men's ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved，but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.

Professor Ryan thus concluded：“Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to better distinguish different social the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors(因素)that are mainly hormonal.”

causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?

ebo. ocin.

gesture. social status.

can we learn from Professor Ryan's previous experiment?

ocin affects our behavior in a different way.

body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.

body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others' success.

ocin improves our abilities to understand people's behavior differences.

did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?

test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.

know the differences between friendship and competition.

know people's different abilities to answer questions.

test people's understanding of body language.

author develops the text by ________.

aining people's behaviors

ribing his own experiences

inguishing sexual differences

ussing research experiments

Passage 　(2014·天津)

话题：远距离签名

词数：368

A world­famous Canadian author，Margaret Atwood，has created the world's first long­distance signing device(装置)，the LongPen.

After many tiring book­signing tours from city to city，Atwood thought there must be a better way to do hired some technical experts and started her own company in ther they designed the 's how it works：The author writes a personal message and signature on a computer tablet(手写板) using a special the receiving end，in another city，a robotic arm fitted with a regular pen signs the author and fan can talk with each other via webcams(网络摄像机) and computer screens.

Work on the LongPen began in Atwood's basement(地下室) first，they had no idea it would be as hard as it turned out to device went through several versions，including one that actually had smoke coming out of inventing finally completed，test runs were made in Ottawa，and the LongPen was officially launched at the 2006 London Book here，Atwood conducted two transatlantic book signings of her latest book for fans in Toronto and New York City.

The LongPen produces a unique signature each time because it copies the movement of the author in real has several other potential could increase credit card security and allow people to sign contracts from another video exchange between signer and receiver can be recorded on DVD for proof when legal documents are used.

“It's really fun，” said the owner of a bookstore，who was present for one of the test runs.“Obviously you can't shake hands with the author，but there are chances for a connection that you don't get from a regular book signing.”

The response to the invention hasn't been all od has received criticism from authors who think she's trying to end book she said，“It will be possible to go to places that you never got sent to before because the publishers couldn't afford it.”

did Atwood decide to invent the LongPen?

set up her own company.

win herself greater popularity.

write her books in a new way.

make book signings less tiring.

does the LongPen work?

copies the author's signature and prints it on a book.

signs a book while receiving the author's signature.

webcam sends the author's signature to another city.

fan uses it to copy the author's signature himself.

★ do we know about the invention of the LongPen?

has been completed but not put into use.

basement caught fire by accident.

versions failed before its test run.

designers were well­prepared for the difficulty.

could the LongPen be used in the future?

draft legal documents.

improve credit card security.

keep a record of the author's ideas.

allow author and fan to exchange videos.

could be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6?

od doesn't mean to end book tours.

ics think the LongPen is of little use.

store owners don't support the LongPen.

ishers dislike the LongPen for its high cost.

Passage 　(2014·福建)

话题：风能发电机

词数：359

As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe，few issues cause greater concern than energy village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the power­producing machines of wind farms;yet they never take“direct action”，even though the planning laws put them at a severe the generous subsidies (财政补贴)，which encourage the expansion of wind power，are not favorable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents (居民).

Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring，because their energy output cannot match that of the carbon­based power stations they are supposed to orters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables，nuclear and carbon，and that the country is committed to meeting EU (European Union) targets for non­carbon energy generation.

Against this background，the fact that there is an argument within the government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms' impact on the countryside becomes even more two parties in the coalition (联合) government are in disagreement over what it should say.

We have some advice for the two parties：publish the report，and let the country be the if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful，it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like lly，supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.

The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an“acceptable”report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain n the sensitivities involved，all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions，rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑)that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.

can learn from the first paragraph that ________.

gy policy catches much attention of the public

residents are in favor of the expansion of wind farms

village communities are satisfied with the subsidies

planning laws offer great benefits to the residents

orters think that the expansion of wind power ________.

more rapid than that of carbon­based power

antees an increase in energy output

expected to be much better than that of nuclear power

es with EU targets for non­carbon energy generation

★ can be inferred from the passage that ________.

official report will settle the energy problem

two parties are divided over the issue of wind farms

two parties have agreed on a further negotiation

tical beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts

★h of the following reflects the author's opinion?

ease political impact on energy policy.

ase a statement of supporters on wind farms.

the nation judge the facts about wind power.

e the two parties to reach their own conclusions.

Passage 12　(2014·广东)

话题：灯塔自愿者

词数：351

Like many new graduates，I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to degree，with honors，in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical.I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow，but I had no idea how to do 's when I learned about the Lighthouse Project.

I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers.I knew it would be a lot of hard work，and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long short，I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project her did my family.

Eventually，however，I won the support of my family，and I sent in all the paperwork needed for r countless interviews and presentations，I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test ral months later，I finally received a call asking me to report for duty.I would be going to a small village near Abuja，e?What?Nigeria?I had no I was about to find out.

After completing my training，I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper gh the local villagers were poor，they offered their homes，hearts，and food as if I were their own family.I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new the next year or so，I taught in that same I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me.

Sometime during that period，I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did，though I did not get anywhere with the local language，and I returned to the United States a different Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever.

do we know about the author?

university education focused on theoretical knowledge.

dream at university was to become a volunteer.

took pride in having contributed to the world.

felt honored to study English literature.

rding to Paragraph 2，it is most likely that the author ________.

ussed his decision with his family

d previous volunteers about voluntary work

nded special training to perform difficult tasks

sad about having to leave his family and friends

★ his application for the volunteer job，the author ________.

icipated in many discussions

through challenging survival tests

e quite a few papers on voluntary work

d strong competition from other candidates

arrival at the village，the author was ________.

d to lead a farming team

to teach in a schoolhouse

ived warmly by local villagers

nged to live in a separate house

can we infer from the author's experiences in Nigeria?

found some difficulty adapting to the local culture.

had learned to communicate in the local language.

had overcome all his weaknesses before he left for home.

was chosen as the most respectable teacher by his students.

Passage 13　(2014·湖北)

话题：迷人的海滩

词数：424

You've flown halfway around the world;you've sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of;so what on earth is there to do here?You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.

It was a long journey from Bangkok to the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out，it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.

Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin，about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok，down the west side of the Gulf of many tourists find this place，and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.

There's an apparent laziness that surrounds you 's what this place offers，and it's free of small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long sit there and watch the sea.

It's early afternoon，so the cook comes out and asks what you'd like to eat this re long he's rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered—every meal fresh and to menu here.

There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm，clear blue e's no street only sounds are the murmurs of nature.

For now you just count your blessings (福祉)，listing them in the sand with your toe (脚趾) don't have to worry about being late for don't have to do anything.

The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon (地平线)，slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re­emerge again on your left，now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath to your left and sand to your right;it's unbroken， start，no end，just sand，sun，and off it，and you re­enter the world of traffic，stress，work，and hurry.

Normally you're the type who can't sit still for more than ten minutes，but you're on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and，in the right frame of mind，it stretches all the way around the world.

“How could it take me so long to find it?”you wonder.

the author first went to Huaplee Beach，________________________________.

found it unworthwhile

failed to sort himself out

became sensitive to smell

had difficulty in finding it

is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach?

menu. food.

service. k delivery.

the author's opinion，a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he ________.

in a beach chair

ets his daily routine

s a detailed schedule

s pictures in the sand

does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage?

shouldn't have counted his blessings.

should have understood the wonder of nature.

shouldn't have spent so much time on the trip.

should have come to the place earlier.

Passage 14　(2014·山东)

话题：热天的回忆

词数：316

It was one of those terribly hot days in less to say，it was too hot to do anything it was also scorching in our was 1962，and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace suggested we could see a was a brilliant plan.

Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day and—most important—sit in air those days，you could buy one ticket and sit through two ，the theater would show the same two movies you wanted to，you could sit through them people did not do that，but the manager at our theater, ow，did not mind if you did.

That particular day，my brother and I sat through both movies twice，trying to escape the bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas ，we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty 'd already seen the second movie once had been at the theater since January，because ow loved anything with John Wayne in it.

We left the theater around 8，just before the evening shows we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again，twice we did it the next day lly，on the fourth day，the heat wave broke.

Still，to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewart's dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance!Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 're really memories of the screen，not memories of my life.

which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner?

A.1952. B.1962. C.1972. D.1982.

does the underlined word“It”in Paragraph 3 refer to?

heat.

theater.

Music Man.

Man Who Shot Liberty Valance.

★ do we know about ow?

loved children very much.

was a fan of John Wayne.

sold air conditioners.

was a movie star.

did the author and his/her brother see the same movies several times?

two movies were really wonderful.

wanted to avoid the heat outside.

manager of the theater was friendly.

liked the popcorn and the soda at the theater.

can we learn from the last paragraph?

author turned out to be a great singer.

author enjoyed the heat wave of 1962.

author's life has been changed by the two movies.

author considers the experience at the theater unforgettable.

Passage 15　(2014·湖南)

话题：能源的使用

词数：353

The behaviour of a building's users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use，according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放)by 80 percent by 2050，part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero­carbon by this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely important—is not enough to achieve such reductions：the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.

The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.

‘Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything，’explains Katy Janda，a UKERC senior researcher，‘consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.’In other words，old habits die hard，even in the best­designed eco­home.

Another part of the problem is eholds and bill­payers don't have the knowledge they need to change their energy­use out specific information，it's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different back (反馈) facilities，like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use;some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.

Social science research has added a further dimension (方面)，suggesting that individuals' behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted—whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器)，for example.

Janda argues that education is the calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.

to energy use，the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of ________.

­carbon homes

behaviour of building users

ainable building design

reduction of carbon emissions

underlined word“which”in Paragraph 2 refers to “________.”

ways r homes

lopments ting efforts

are Katy Janda's words mainly about?

importance of changing building users' habits.

necessity of making a careful building design.

variety of consumption patterns of building users.

role of technology in improving energy efficiency.

information gap in energy use ________.

be bridged by feedback facilities

cts the study on energy monitors

gs about problems for smart meters

be caused by building users' old habits

does the dimension added by social science research suggest?

social science research is to be furthered.

education programme is under discussion.

behaviour of building users is unpredictable.

behaviour preference of building users is similar.

Passage 1　(2014·四川)

话题：冒险经历

词数：332

In 1943，when I was 4，my parents moved from Coeur d'Alene，Idaho，to Fairbanks，Alaska，where adventure was never very far away.

We arrived in the summer，just in time to enjoy the midnight that sunlight was fantastic for Mom's vegetable ing in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off，so she didn't care much about my bedtime.

Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his left me in a mess.I usually managed to find some trouble to get I had a little fire going in the dirt basement of a hotel.I had tried to light a barrel(桶)of paint but couldn't really get a good fire smoke got pretty bad，though，and when I made my exit，a crowd and the police were there to greet policemen took my matches and drove me home.

Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me，and they did!I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me.I hadn't turned 5 yet.

As I entered kindergarten，the serious cold began to set d it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail at school?

As for Leonhard Seppala，famous as a dog sledder(驾雪橇者)，I think I knew him well because I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one the time I didn't realize what a superstar he was，but I do remember the ride well.I was wrapped(包裹)heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.

In 1950，we moved back to Coeur d'Alene，but we got one more Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former neighbors of Alaska.

★ can be inferred about the author's family?

father was a cruel man.

parents didn't love him.

parents used to be very busy.

mother didn't have any jobs.

happened when the author was 4?

learned to smoke.

was locked in a basement.

was arrested by the police.

nearly caused a fire accident.

h of the following is true?

hard was good at driving dog sleds.

author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.

hard often visited the author's family after 1950.

author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska.

is the author's purpose of writing the text?

look back on his childhood with adventures.

describe the extreme weather of Alaska.

express how much he misses Leonhard.

show off his pride in making trouble.

考点四　词义猜测题

Passage 1　(2016·全国)

话题：一次非同寻常的投递

词数：254

I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem e March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and that’s how long they all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.

I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said：“Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said：“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patientplease, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for -routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.

For this courier job, you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.

★h of the following can replace the underlined word“courier” in Paragraph 1?

A provider B delivery man

C collector D medical doctor

does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?

cannot stay away from his job too long.

donor can only wait for that long.

operation needs that very much.

ice wont last any longer.

h flight did the woman put Peter on first?

London. Newark.

Providence. Washington.

Passage 2　(2016·全国)

话题：一个有趣的故事

词数：304

On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to settled in at a comfortable East Slide café and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.

“Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger.“Im from Mississippi too.”

Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.

“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi，” Welty said.“I didnt know what my New York friends were thinking.”

Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring y’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a ing back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.

“My friends said: Now we believe your stories，” Welty added.“And I said: ‘Now you e are the people that make me write them.”

Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.

“I don’t make them up，” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.“I dont have to.”

Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given times, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.

happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?

strangers joined her.

childhood friends came in.

C.A heavy rain ruined the dinner.

people held a party there.

★ underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s________.

ers nds ies

can we learn about the characters in Weltys fiction?

live in big cities

are mostly women

come from real life

are pleasure seekers

Passage 　(2015·安徽)

话题：小蚂蚁大力量

词数：288

There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual (个体的) ant hardly weigh anything, but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles. For animals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior.

In colonies (群体) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear division of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. Where we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend primarily on pheromones (外激素), chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.

In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take_on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.

Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.

can learn from the passage that ants are________.

willing to share food

found around the poles

successful than all other animals

many to achieve any level of organization

can use pheromones for________.

pe unication

ing enemies nging labor

★ does the underlined expression “take on” in Paragraph 3 mean?

pt. oy.

with. t against.

h of the following contributes most to the survival of ants?

r behavior. r size.

r number. r weight

Passage 　(2015·湖北)

话题：自给种植

词数：369

What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn't a prerequisite for a modern grow­your­own a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles，Loe and her family grow，can(装罐) and preserve much of the food they consume.

Loe is a master food preserver，gardener and canning also operates a website，where she shares her tips and recipes，with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what's on their plate.

Loe initially went to school to become an engineer，but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food.“I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs(香草) and foods for that fresh flavor，” she neer by day，Loe learned cooking at night ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.

“I teach people how to live farm­fresh without a farm.”Loc ugh her website Loc emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.”Got an apartment with a balcony(阳台)?Plant some herbs.A window?Perfect spot for t with herbs，she recommends，because “they're very forgiving.”Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level.”she added.“I think it's a great place to start.”Then?Try growing something from a seed，she said，like a tomato or some tea.

Canning is a natural extension of the planting she every planted noted，there's a moment when it's bursting with its absolute peak flavor.“I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar.”Loe said.“Canning for me is about knowing what's in your food，knowing where it comes from.”

In addition to being more in touch with the food she's eating，another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the_bigger_picture.” she said，“that if we don't take care of the earth，no one will.”

★ underlined word “prerequisite”(Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “________”.

pe titute

irement lenge

does Loe suggest starting with herbs?

are used daily.

are easy to grow.

can grow very tall.

can be eaten uncooked.

rding to Loe，what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?

can preserve their best flavor.

can promote her online sales.

can better her cooking skills.

can improve their nutrition.

is the “the bigger picture”(Para .6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?

knowledge about good food.

way to live a grow­our­own life.

joy of getting in touch with foods.

responsibility to protect our earth.

Passage 　(2015·四川)

话题：父亲的蔬菜

词数：299

Nothing could stop r he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.

And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料) smell really burned the inside of your we complained about the terrible smell, Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was example, just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.

As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜) pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and about half an hour，the pressure built and the vegetables lly, Dad turned off the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.

Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the how bad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!

Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them didn't look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didn't offend the nose so much, either.I took a would never win a prize in a cooking competition, but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup.

did Dad clean Old Man McColgin's chicken house regularly?

earn some money for the family.

collect manure for his crops.

get rid of the terrible smell.

set a good example to us.

can we infer about Dad's stew?

is popular among the neighbors.

contains honey and vegetables.

looks very wonderful.

tastes quite delicious.

★ does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?

attract. upset.

air. shut.

can we learn about Dad from the text?

is an experienced cook.

is a troublesome father.

has a positive attitude to life.

suffers a lot from his disability.

Passage 　(2015·天津)

话题：勇气的力量

词数：348

Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I've ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.

Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.

Boldness means a decision to bite_off_more_than_you_are_sure_you_can_ there is nothing mysterious about the mighty are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas—even physical strength greater than most of us realize.

Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual they are more important than physical ones.A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player.“In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line，” said Tim.“I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet(子弹)—and stopped him cold.”

Boldness—a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired it can be taught to children and developed in idence builds ly, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.

So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you'll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.

was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?

faced huge risks.

lacked mighty forces.

prevented him from trying.

ure blocked his way to success.

is the implied meaning of the underlined part?

low more than you can digest.

slightly above your abilities.

lop more mysterious powers.

n to make creative decisions.

was especially important for Tim's successful defense in the football game?

physical strength.

basic skill.

real fear.

spiritual force.

can be learned from Paragraph 5?

idence grows more rapidly in adults.

ng without success is meaningless.

ated failure creates a better life.

ness can be gained little by little.

is the author's purpose in writing this passage?

encourage people to be courageous.

advise people to build up physical power.

tell people the ways to guarantee success.

recommend people to develop more abilities.

Passage 7　(2015·陕西)

话题：父母参与与孩子成绩

词数：295

Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school r forms of parental_involvement,_including volunteering at school and observing a child's class，also fail to help，according to the most recent study on the topic.

The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting (养育子女) where schools expect them to act as partners in their children's ious generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed，dressed and ready to learn.

Keith Robinson，the author of the study，said，“I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic of the things that was consistently negative was parents' help with homework.”Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the tasks.“They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now，or in some cases never learnt it themselves，but they're still offering advice.”

Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor general，about 20% of parental involvement was positive，about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.

Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because “children with good academic success do have involved parents”，admitted he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success.“A big surprise was that Asian­American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly took a more reasonable approach，conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives.”

★ underlined expression “parental involvement” in Paragraph 1 probably means________.

nts' expectation on children's health

nts' participation in children's education

nts' control over children's life

nts' plan for children's future

is the major finding of Robinson's study?

rn parents raise children in a more scientific way.

shing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging.

ntal involvement is not so beneficial as expected.

nts are not able to help with children's homework.

example of Asian­American parents implies that parents should________.

children realize the importance of schooling

a specific life goal for their children

d more time improving their own lives

a more active part in school management

Passage 8　(2014·天津)

话题：回归健康

词数：366

People aren't walking any more—if they can figure out a way to avoid it.

I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small journey is a matter of 281 I used the I wasn't in any hurry，either.I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness：motorosis.

It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的)，for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two that time，we regarded 25 miles as a good day's walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and did not occur to us that walking was a the effect was I was 45 years old I raced—and beat—a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Statue of Liberty.

Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle­aged persons as bad for the a well­known British physician，Sir Adolphe Abrahams，pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise.A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises walking is an ideal form of exercise—the most familiar and natural of all.

It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on man walking can learn the trees，flowers，insects，birds and animals，the significance of seasons，the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living cannot learn in a car.

The car is a convenient means of transport，but we have made it our way of people don't dare to approach Nature any more;to them the world they were born to enjoy is all them security is a_steel_river thundering on a concrete much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.

I say that the green of forests is the mind's best none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.

is the national sickness?

ing too much.

eling too much.

ing cars too much.

bing stairs too much.

was life like when the author was young?

le usually went around on foot.

le often walked 25 miles a day.

le used to climb the Statue of Liberty.

le considered a ten­hour walk as a hardship.

author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that ______.

le­aged people like getting back to nature

ing in nature helps enrich one's mind

le need regular exercise to keep fit

g on foot prevents heart disease

★ is compared to“a steel river”in Paragraph 6?

A.A queue of cars.

B.A ray of traffic light.

C.A flash of lightning.

D.A stream of people.

is the author's intention of writing this passage?

tell people to reflect more on life.

recommend people to give up driving.

advise people to do outdoor activities.

encourage people to return to walking.

Passage 　(2014·大纲全国)

话题：美国孩子学汉语

词数：302

One of the latest trends(趋势) in American Childcare is Chinese au Pair in Stamford，Conn.，for example，has got increasing numbers of requests for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4,000 since that's true all across the country.

“I thought it would be very useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age，”Joseph Stocke，the managing director of a company，says of his 2­year­old son.“I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future.”After only six months of being cared for by a 25­year­old woman from China，the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions，his dad says.

Li Drake，a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband，had another reason for looking for an au pair from China：She didn't want her children to miss out on their roots.“Because I am Chinese，my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture(文化)，”she says.

“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom，”says Suzanne Flynn，a professor in language education of children.“But parents must understand that just one year with an au pair is unlikely to produce lete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”

The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children to learn is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.

★ does the term“au pair”in the text mean?

A.A mother raising her children on her own.

B.A young foreign woman taking care of children.

C.A professor in language education of children.

D.A child learning a foreign language at home.

Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ________.

live in China some day

speak the language at home

catch up with other children

learn about the Chinese culture

can children learn a foreign language best according to Flynn?

their parents.

attending classes.

a native speaker.

starting at an early age.

can we infer from the text?

ning Chinese is becoming popular in America.

ated woman do better in looking after children.

ese au pairs need to improve their English skills.

dren can learn a foreign language well in six months.

Passage 　(2014·新课标全国)

话题：旅鸽的历史

词数：333

Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable ten accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.

It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.

Sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their e the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an ever­lasting supply and killed them by the ercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain，waited until pigeons had settled to feed，then threw large nets over them，taking hundreds at a birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.

By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need for wood，which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north，where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again.

In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County，Ohio，in a time，a few birds survived under human last of them，known affectionately as Martha，died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.

the 18th and early 19th centuries，passenger pigeons ________.

the biggest bird in the world

d mainly in the south of America

great harm to the natural environment

the largest bird population in the US

★ underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons' ________.

pe

ration ution

was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?

seek pleasure. save other birds.

make money. protect crops.

can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?

was ignored by the public.

was declared too late.

was unfair.

was strict.

Passage 　(2014·广东)

话题：善举的传播

词数：379

It was a cold winter day.A woman drove up to the Rainbow Bridge tollbooth (收费站).“I'm paying for myself，and for the six cars behind me，”she said with a smile，handing over seven after another，the next six drivers arriving at the tollbooth were informed，“Some lady up ahead already paid your fare.”

It turned out that the woman，Natalie Smith，had read something on a friend's refrigerator：“Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty.”The phrase impressed her so much that she copied it down.

Judy Foreman spotted the same phrase on a warehouse wall far away from it stayed on her mind for days，she gave up and drove all the way back to copy it down.“I thought it was beautiful，”she said，explaining why she'd taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters，“like a message from above.”Her husband，Frank，liked the phrase so much that he put it up on the classroom wall for his students，one of whom was the daughter of Alice Johnson，a local news e put it in the newspaper，admitting that though she liked it，she didn't know where it came from or what it really meant.

Two days later，Alice got a call from Anne Herbert，a woman living in was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper，after turning it around in her mind for days.

“Here's the idea，”Anne says.“Anything you think there should be more of，do it randomly.”Her fantasies include painting the classrooms of shabby schools，leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of town，and giving money secretly to a proud old says，“Kindness_can_build_on_itself_as_much_as_violence_can.”

The acts of random kindness you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid，who knows what you might have been inspired to do for someone else all great events，kindness begins slowly，with every single it be yours!

did Natalie Smith pay for the six cars behind her?

knew the car drivers well.

wanted to show kindness.

hoped to please others.

had seven tickets.

Foreman copied down the phrase because she ________.

ght it was beautifully written

ed to know what it really meant

ded to write it on a warehouse wall

ed her husband to put it up in the classroom

came up with the phrase according to the passage?

Foreman. lie Smith.

e Johnson. Herbert.

h of the following statements is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence above?

ness and violence can change the world.

ness and violence can affect one's behavior.

ness and violence can reproduce themselves.

ness and violence can shape one's character.

can we infer from the last paragraph?

le should practice random kindness to those in need.

le who receive kindness are likely to offer it to others.

le should practice random kindness to strangers they meet.

le who receive kindness are likely to pay it back to the giver.

Passage 1　(2014·湖北)

话题：狒狒的发现

词数：344

Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert，ia Carter of the Department of Zoology，Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task，while others had to learn for work out how brave or anxious the baboons were，er presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.

She found that personality had a major impact on braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones effect，despite being made aware of what to do，they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.

The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching.

This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.

The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.

is the first paragraph mainly about?

design of er's research.

results of er's research.

purpose of er's research.

significance of er's research.

rding to the research，which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?

e that have more experience.

e that can avoid potential risks.

e that like to work independently.

e that feel anxious about learning.

h best illustrates the“mismatch”mentioned in Paragraph 4?

baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.

baboons are shy but active in social activities.

baboons observe others but don't follow them.

baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate.

er's findings indicate that our culture might be formed through ________.

ing information

ning from each other

rstanding different people

elling between social groups

Passage 1　(2014·大纲全国)

话题：失而复得的文件

词数：290

Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.

During the first week of his stay，he went out one day to do some came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport(护照).

He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city，thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.

Late in the evening，the phone was a was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.

My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents(文件)r young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar parents had carefully sorted them out，although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the last they had seen a half­written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.

That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.

did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?

shopping. a house.

his family. a vacation.

girl's parents got Rashid's phone number from ________.

A.a friend of his family B.a Sydney policeman

C.a letter in his papers D.a stranger in Sydney

does the underlined word“restored”in the last paragraph mean?

ed. out.

vered. back.

h of the following can be the best title for the text?

India to Australia.

ng in a New Country.

ing Trash to Treasure.

Search of New Friends.

Passage 1　(2014·重庆)

话题：追踪孟加拉虎

词数：289

One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest，the next，the air was charged with elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed.I urged the elephant deeper into the sounded like a forest fire—crackling，snapping， through all the noise came a sharp warning elephant stopped and we heard it again—the tell­tale call of a spotted deer.

I looked quickly around the shadows of the of sunlight shone through tree branches，beneath which the patchwork (交错) of green plants and shadows­within­shadows would make tiger stripes (条纹) look more t from an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach，the forest was silent.

Gradually，the tension slipped from our elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth.I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephant's neck;there was a soft part，free of wrinkles and hairs，behind her ear.

This was my fourth time to_sense_the_aura of the forest in Corbett，although I saw no tigers in the ted at the foot of the Himalayan mountains，Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers，but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts(出没处)，a silent reminder of their secrecy and l，I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the I had so desperately wanted to see a tiger，I could have gone to a r all，spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty;tracking them can make you aware of something more.

h of the following was a clear signal of alarm?

elephant stopped.

B.A spotted deer called.

elephant seized a branch.

forest was silent for a while.

author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by ________.

ribing various sounds

aring different animals

ing different activities

oducing various plants

does the underlined part“to sense the aura”most probably mean?

see the diversity.

enjoy the scenery.

feel the atmosphere.

experience the freedom.

does the author feel after several visits to Corbett?

ng a Bengal tiger is quite thrilling.

is very time­consuming to travel in Corbett.

is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett.

process of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing.

考点五　观点态度题

Passage 1　(2016·北京)

话题：为什么大学不是家

词数：439

Why College Is Not Home

The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult ver，now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence，during which many of todays students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.

For previous generations，college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from the past two decades，however，continued connection with and dependence on family，thanks to cellphones，email and social media，have increased parents go so far as to help with ead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility，universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.

To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility，college needs to be a time of exploration and process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and e we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges，we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority llectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.

Learning to deal with the social world is equally use a college community(群体) differs from the family，many students will struggle to find a sense of students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern，they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.

Moreover，the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled，the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.

It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out，particularly when there are reasons to do generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe efore，there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.

Every college discussion about community values，social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation，of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.

’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?

athetic. pproving.

ortive. ral.

underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means ________.

ge ce

nsion

rding to the author，what role should college play?

develop a shared identity among students.

define and regulate students social behavior.

provide a safe world without tension for students.

foster students intellectual and personal development.

h of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?

I：Introduction　P：Point　Sp：Sub-point(次要点)

C：Conclusion

Passage 　(2015·湖北)

话题：书评

词数：354

Science has a lot of can uncover laws of nature，cure diseases，make bombs，and help bridges to stand ed science is so good at what it does that there's always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be d Brooks，author of The Social Animal，The Hidden Sources of Love，Character，and Achievement，appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.

Brooks gained fame for several latest book The Social Animal，however，is more ambitious and serious than his earlier is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty book focuses on big questions：What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren't?

To answer these questions，Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines (学科)idering this，you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox (非常规的)，and perhaps unfortunate，ead of introducing scientific theories，he tells a story，within which he tries to make his points，perhaps in order to keep the reader's as Harold and Erica，the hero and heroine in his story，live through childhood，we hear about the science of child development，and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual ks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.

On the whole，Brooks' story is acceptable if one would expect，his writing is mostly clear and，to be fair，some chapters stand out above the rest.I enjoyed ，for instance，the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his e Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters，the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie e problems partly involve Brooks's attempt to translate his tale into science.

author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to ________.

strate where science can be applied

nstrate the value of Brooks's new book

nd the readers of the importance of science

ain why many writers use science in their works

rding to the author，which of the following could be a strength of the book?

strong basis.

convincing points.

clear writing.

memorable characters.

is the author's general attitude towards the book?

radictory. ortive.

ious. ical.

is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?

lems with the book.

ks's life experience.

h of the characters.

ks's translation skills.

Passage 　(2014·重庆)

话题：水上行走

词数：288

The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans y，biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid-we simply weigh too much，and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet，resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.

However，several types of animals can walk on of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus，a lizard (蜥蜴) native to Central and South can run across water for a distance of several meters，avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water's surface with its lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving humans to do this，we'd need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate“hitting”.

But fortunately there is an alternative： adding enough of this common thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot)，you can create a“non­Newtonian”liquid that doesn't behave like normal ，if the surface of the water is hit hard enough，particles(粒子) in the water group together for a moment to make the surface quickly enough and put enough force into each step，and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.

Fun though all this may sound，it's still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in you must do it，then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink—and take a shower afterward!

ing on water hasn't become a reality mainly because humans ________.

not interested in it

biological limitations

not invented proper tools

afraid to make an attempt

do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage?

is light enough to walk on water.

huge feet enable it to stay above water.

can run across water at a certain speed.

unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water.

is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?

create a thick liquid.

turn the water into solid.

help the liquid behave normally.

enable the water to move rapidly.

is the author's attitude toward the idea of humans' walking on water?

is risky but beneficial.

is interesting and worth trying.

is crazy and cannot become a reality.

is impractical though theoretically possible.

Passage 　(2014·新课标全国)

话题：面对困惑

词数：335

A typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭)and a whip gets all of the attention，but it's mostly for reality，it's the chair that does the important a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face，the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same its focus divided，the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do faced with so many options，the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.

How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion?How often do you have something you want to achieve ( weight，start a business，travel more)-only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?

This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best，the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things，and so we take less action，make less progress，and stay the same when we could be improving.

It doesn't have to be that ime you find the world waving a chair in your face，remember this ：All you need to do is focus on one just need to get ting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful you have somewhere you want to go，something you want to accomplish，someone you want to immediate you're clear about where you want to go，the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.

does the lion tamer use a chair?

trick the lion.

show off his skills.

get ready for a fight.

entertain the audience.

what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?

feel puzzled over choices.

hold on to the wrong things.

find it hard to make changes.

have to do something for show.

is the author's attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?

rant. tful.

ectful. ortive.

the world is“waving a chair in your face”，you're advised to ________.

for a better chance k your old habits

a quick decision for clear guidance

Passage 　(2014·陕西)

话题：运动日

词数：296

One afternoon last week，I saw three tearful children from my son's school being comforted by morning，my 11­year­old had stomach pains，retching(干呕)into a ing to other mothers later，I heard about other children with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before.

What caused so much pain?Sports ts day might be necessary at a highly­competitive independent school，but not at a village primary the children who can fly like the wind，sports day cause no those who are overweight or just not good at sport，it is nightmare(噩梦) for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents，it can prove a disaster.

Why do we put our children through this annual suffering?Some may say competition is character building;or it's taking part，not winning，that's important;or that it is a tradition of school life.I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain.

Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races，wild enthusiasm，lots of shouting-and were fun to importantly，the children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyone's of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side.

I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive aps an afternoon of team games，with a few races for those who want them，would be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch.

can we learn about the author's son from Paragraph 1?

talked with some mothers.

comforted his classmates.

had difficulty in sleeping.

suffered from stomachache.

ts day is still an annul event in this school probably because ________.

is an independent school

is a tradition of the school

helps children lose weight

dren enjoy watching sports

does the author think about team games?

should include more stressful races.

are acceptable to different children.

should be abandoned at primary schools.

are less fun for those who love running.

is the author's attitude towards sports day?

ical. ral.

tive. guous.

Passage 1　(2016·福建省闽粤联合体高三联考)

话题：父母与子女

词数：296

My dearest son and daughter，

The story of New Jersey high school student Rachel Canning suing (起诉) her parents for child support and high school education inspired me to write you a little me just put this out there: the only way I expect to see you in a court is as a lawyer or a judge.

There are two things about this case that seem to be disaster.

First，its natural for parents and children to argue.I can guarantee that we will or both of you will，at some point，scream at the top of your lungs the various ways you hate I wont always like you， I will always love you and do everything I can to keep your best interests as my focus，even when Im so are means we are as much a part of one another as the flesh，blood and bones in our we all should think about it very deeply instead of breaking that bond.

Second，Ill be honest，no matter how far apart we are on your life choices，your father and I will most certainly pay everything we can for your higher that doesnt mean you deserve be clear，that is a privilege we happily extend (给予) to you—not a right you are born you will have to work hard to earn that ing up is hard work.

If I do my job properly as your mother—and you do yours as my children—you would sooner get a job or two，and find a way to make your dreams come true than go to trial over what you think you have the right to.

Love always，

Mom

mother writes this letter because she wants her children to ________.

prepared for education

n a lesson from the case

up the legal profession

mber Rachel Canning

in disagreement，the mother expects her children not to ________.

antee anything

am out their anger

k the family bond

et their best interests

mother thinks of parents paying for their children’s higher education as ________.

A.a way in which children realize their dreams

B.a test of whether parents love their children

C.a privilege that children should earn

D.a right that parents are born with

Passage 2　(2016·山东临沂一模)

话题：旗杆上的猫

词数：355

“I honestly have no idea how that cat got up ’s a hundred-foot-metal es no way he climbed that thing，”Jim said to the worried wasnt even her cat，but she was passing by and saw it，immediately calling the fire-station to come to save saw a lot of strange things as a fireman，often sad or upsetting things，but this was new.

“I suppose we could get the blanket and see if we can convince the poor cat to jump he doesn’t really look too scared...”Jim said to the woman.

“Dave，get over here Jim called over his shoulder to the fire truck walked over and looked where Jim was pointing.

“How’d he get up there?”

Jim shrugged，similarly puzzled.“Do you suppose we could get the blanket and convince him to jump?”

Dave shrugged in response.“I dont see why not.”

Jim looked up at the black mass on the top of the flagpole，the American nag waving proudly beneath was definitely a cat，and he regarded the people gathered below as if they were his subjects (臣民) and he their king，his yellow eyes scanning his surroundings with apparent disinterest.

When the blanket was spread out below the cat，Jim and Dave began striking the cat looked down，and then gazed into the sky as if it were looking for and Dave followed his enly，out of the clear sky，appeared a dark figure swooped (俯冲) low toward the was an eagle! As it got closer，the cat leaped down the pole swiftly onto the ground，and then got lost in the bushes.

Jim，Dave，and the old woman were left with their mouths all agreed it was the best way to get it down.

did the woman call the fire station ?

use the pole was on fire.

use her cat was missing.

use she felt it was strange.

use she wanted to save the cat.

does the underlined word “him” refer to?

cat. .

king. .

did the firemen plan to do at first?

strike the pole.

spread the blanket.

shout at the cat.

shrug helplessly.

saved the cat?

eagle. firemen.

cat itself. people around.

答案　C　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段the cat leaped down the pole swiftly onto the ground，and then got lost in the bushes.可知是猫自己从旗杆顶上爬了下来，故选C。]

Passage 3　(2016·石嘴山市一模)

话题：大运河申请世界文化遗产

词数：316

When it comes to cultural heritage protection, the Grand Canal of China is probably the world’s greatest project of its big inland waterway system in the north-eastern and central eastern plains passes through eight of the countrys present-day provinces.

The Canal runs from Beijing in the north to Zhejiang Province in the tructed in sections from the 5th century BC onwards, it was designed as a means of communication in the 7th century Canal is the worlds greatest civil engineering project before the Industrial Revolution.

The Grand Canal reached a peak in the 13th century, providing an inland navigation(航行) network consisting of more than 2，000 kilometers of artificial waterways, linking five of the most important river basins in China, including the Yellow River and the entered a bid as a UNESCO(联合国教科文组织) cultural heritage site in 2008.

The Grand Canal cultural square is located in Beijings Tongzhou since the Yuan dynasty 800 years ago, the Tongzhou section of the Grand Canal has been the life blood of n and building materials were all transported to meet the endless demands of the big today, the Grand Canal plays a major role in the lives of its citizens.

“I grew up near the Grand the past the waterway was a lot narrower, but now it’s nice and wide and bridges are built over it.I think if the bid for world heritage status succeeds, it will greatly make Tongzhou more famous in the world, especially with Tongzhou aiming to be a sub-center of the capital Beijing，” a citizen said.

The result of the bid is set to be released next week, and no doubt it will certainly make it into the history books if the Canal is listed as a world heritage site.

can be concluded from the passage that________.

bids result of the Canal will be announced soon

Canal is the UNESCOs newest world heritage site

Canal is to connect Tongzhou with Zhejiang Province

Canal will be a bid for a UNESCO cultural heritage site

Grand Canal was in the most glorious time________.

it was aimed as a means of communication

it crossed theYellow River and the Yangtze

it was born about six hundred years later

it was designed as an artificial waterway

can we infer by reading the passage?

zhou used to be the capital of the Yuan dynasty.

citizens living inTongzhou depend on the Canal.

zhou will benefit if the Canal is made a heritage site.

citizens think the Canal not to be a cultural heritage item.

Passage 4　(2016·河北定兴月考)

话题：女儿给我的启示

词数：290

I stopped to watch my little girl busy playing in her one hand was a plastic phone;in the other a toy.I listened as she was speaking to her make-believe little Ill never forget the words she said，even though it was pretend.

She said，“Suzies in the corner because she’s not been very didn’t listen to a word I said or do the things she should.” In the corner I saw her baby doll well was obvious she’d been put there to sit alone and think.

My daughter continued her “conversation”，as I sat down on the said，“Im all fed up，I just dont know what to do with her anymore? She never lets me do the things that I just have to do?”

And that day I thought a lot about making some changes in my life;As I listened to her innocent words that cut me like a knife.I hadnt been paying enough attention to what I hold most dear.I’d been caught up in responsibilities that increased throughout the year.

But now my attitude has changed，because，in my heart，I seen the world in a different light through my little darling’s ，let the cobweb(蜘蛛网) cut the corners and the children rule the floor，Im not going to worry about keeping up with them anymore.I’m going to fill the house with memories of a child and her we have only one childhood，and we will never get another.

is Suzie?

girls phone. B.A baby doll.

author. girls friend.

did the author feel when hearing my little girls words?

mfortable. d.

rested. lievable.

passage leads you to believe that ________.

little girl doesnt hate her mother any more

author wants her little girl to have a happy childhood

author cares nothing about her daughters happiness

author has become lazy because of her daughter

might be the best title?

to deal with my daughter

lovely daughter

one childhood

D.A world of children

Passage 5　(2016·皖江名校联考)

话题：聪明的女孩

词数：302

(CNN)—A 12-year-old girl who had a feeling that she might be quite clever has taken a test and proved she was absolutely right.

Lydia Sebastian achieved the top score of 162 on Mensa，Cattell III B paper，suggesting she has a higher IQ than well-known geniuses Albert Einstein and Stephen comparison doesn’t__sit__well__with the British student，whos currently in Year 8 at Colchester County high school，a selective girls grammar school in Essex，England.

“I dont think I can be compared to such great intellectuals such as Albert Einstein and Stephen ’ve achieved so much.I don’t think it’s right，” Lydia told CNN.

Lydia sat the test in her summer holidays，after raising the idea with her parents and pestering (纠缠)them for the best part of a turns out the test wasnt that hard after all.

“I was really nervous before the test and I thought it was going to be really as I started the test，I thought it was a bit easier than I thought it was going to be，” she said.

Lydias not quite sure what she wants to do when she leaves school，although shes leaning toward something “based around Maths，because its one of my favorite subjects.” “All I’m going to do is work as hard as I can，and see where that gets me，” she said.

To explain Lydias mark’s level，the top adult score in the Cattell III B test，which primarily tests verbal(语言) reasoning，is 161.A top 2% score—which allows entry to Mensa，the club for those with high IQs—would be 148 or a scored 162，placing her in the top 1% of the population.

a wanted to have an IQ test because ________.

people around thought that she was smart

felt that she might have a high IQ

parents strongly wanted her to do so

grammar school advised her to do so

does the underlined words mean in the second paragraph?

not accepted by not related to

not satisfy not affect

is Lydias plan about the future according to the text?

doesnt have to work hard with her high IQ.

has a tendency to focus around Maths.

is quite sure about what to do in the future.

will drop out of the grammar school.

do we know from the last paragraph?

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