两步教你搞定托福阅读文章总结题

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托福阅读文章总结题通常在最后一题出现，考察考生对文章整体结构、作者行文思路和全文核心观点的把握。那么我们该如何在有限的做题时间内理清文章架构、抓住核心主旨呢?小编教大家两步走的招数，轻松搞定托福阅读文章总结题。

两步教你搞定托福阅读文章总结题

第一步就是要在最快的速度内拉出文章构架：即在做所有题之前先快速跳读一遍文章。通读文章的时候只需要读每段的首句、末句和转折句。一般抓住了首尾句和转折句就抓住了一段的主旨。读首尾句的原因我们大家都很理解，那么读转折句的意义何在呢?

文章的首句说了一件事，如果下面没有转折的话，那下面的话肯定是在解释上一句话，或者顺着上一句话往下说，最后可能在总结一下，那我们只读首尾句就可以概括出这段话的主旨，但是如果出现了转折，也就是说后面说的事情和之前讲的不一样，也就是说文章的意思有两层，转折句就是第二层意思的概括。读的时候做笔记是非常有必要的，看似在浪费时间，实则节省时间，因为免去了后面做题还要再看原文的痛苦，托福阅读中的文章架构都是很清晰，一般我们看段首尾句和转折句就可以抓住文段的中心。

第二步判断选项，做文章小结题，我们要谨记选出来的选项是要能概括文章大意的，所以一些细节性的，和文章表述相矛盾的，或者是文章中未提及的选项都可以借助排除法进行选择。那什么是细节性的呢?细节就是不需要被解释的内容，也就是说陈述的是一件事实，我们判断一个句子是不是细节，就要看它前后有没有解释。和文章表述相矛盾或者是原文中没有提到的信息要排除，为什么呢?因为我们选的要是能表达文章主要意思的选项，跟原文表述都相反怎么可能入选呢?有很多同学觉得自己分辨不出那些是文章没提及的，那些是跟文章相违背的，其实这都是关于细节性的考察，我们之前做的题目就是积累细节的过程，要是一个选项中出现了我们没看过的内容，虽然不能很断定的说文章有没有提及，但绝对不是文章的主旨，因为主旨不可能只提一次，而且在不显眼的地方出现的，借助我们记的笔记，总结出各段的大意，我们很容易判断出那些是段落主旨大意那些是细节性或者无关的信息。

平时做托福阅读文章题的时候我们不要单纯的只求速度，还要弄明白这道题背后的出题意思，做完一个文章小结题，我们要仔细的对照跟文段主要意思的匹配关系，细细体会，文章小结题就会迎刃而解。

托福阅读小结题的解题方法(实例详解)

在托福阅读题型中，小结题即每篇文章最后一道大题需要从六个选项中选出三个作为正确答案，每道题分值是2分。这题是考生最为头疼的一个，很多考生都觉得这一道题很难因为选项多而且托福阅读时间紧迫，通常在做到最后一题的时，还没来得及仔细甄选，页面已经变成了“时间到”的提示，所以就很悲催的进行了下一项的作答，相当影响心情和对后面的考试产生不利影响。

其实，如果练习得多的考生并不觉得小结题特别的难，只要掌握一些做题方法，这题将会成为托福阅读考试中性价比很高的一题。那么有哪些技巧可以帮助考生解答托福阅读小结题呢?下面就跟小编一起来学习一下吧。

因为我们选的要是能表达文章主要意思的选项，跟原文表述都相反怎么可能入选呢?有很多同学觉得自己分辨不出那些是文章没提及的，那些是跟文章相违背的，其实这都是关于细节性的考察，我们之前做的题目就是积累细节的过程，要是一个选项中出现了我们没看过的内容，虽然不能很断定的说文章有没有提及，但绝对不是文章的主旨，因为主旨不可能只提一次，而且在不显眼的地方出现的，借助我们记的笔记，总结出各段的大意，我们很容易判断出那些是段落主旨大意那些是细节性或者无关的信息。

托福阅读真题1

Many prehistoric people subsisted as hunters and gatherers. Undoubtedly, game animals, including some very large species, provided major components of human diets. An important controversy centering on the question of human effects on prehistoric wildlife concerns the sudden disappearance of so many species of large animals at or near the end of the Pleistocene epoch. Most paleontologists suspect that abrupt changes in climate led to the mass extinctions. Others, however, have concluded that prehistoric people drove many of those species to extinction through overhunting. In their Pleistocene overkill hypothesis, they cite what seems to be a remarkable coincidence between the arrival of prehistoric peoples in North and South America and the time during which mammoths, giant ground sloths, the giant bison, and numerous other large mammals became extinct.

Perhaps the human species was driving others to extinction long before the dawn of history. Hunter-gatherers may have contributed to Pleistocene extinctions in more indirect ways. Besides overhunting, at least three other kinds of effects have been suggested: direct competition, imBAlances between competing species of game animals, and early agricultural practices. Direct competition may have brought about the demise of large carnivores such as the saber-toothed cats. These animals simply may have been unable to compete with the increasingly sophisticated hunting skills of Pleistocene people.

Human hunters could have caused imbalances among game animals, leading to the extinctions of species less able to compete. When other predators such as the gray wolf prey upon large mammals, they generally take high proportions of each year's crop of young. Some human hunters, in contrast, tend to take the various age-groups of large animals in proportion to their actual occurrence. If such hunters first competed with the larger predators and then replaced them, they may have allowed more young to survive each year, gradually increasing the populations of favored species. As these populations expanded, they in turn may have competed with other game species for the same environmental niche, forcing the less hunted species into extinction. This theory, suggests that human hunters played an indirect role in Pleistocene extinctions by hunting one species more than another.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The effects of human activities on prehistoric wildlife

(B) The origins of the hunter-gatherer way of life

(D) The change in climate at the end of the Pleistocene epoch

2. The word Undoubtedly in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) occasionally

(B) unexpectedly

(D) certainly

3. The word components in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) parts

(B) problems

(D) varieties

4. Which of the following is mentioned as supporting the Pleistocene overkill hypothesis?

(A) Many of the animals that became extinct were quite large.

(B) Humans migrated into certain regions around the time that major extinctions occurred.

(D) Humans began to keep and care for certain animals.

5. The word Besides in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) caused by

(B) whereas

(D) in favor of

6. The author mentions saber-toothed cats in line 17 as an example of a carnivore that

(A) became extinct before the Pleistocene epoch

(B) was unusually large for its time

(D) caused the extinction of several species

7. The word they in line 22 refers to

(A) human hunters

(B) game animals

(D) large mammals

8. According to the passage , what is one difference between the hunting done by some humans

and the hunting done by gray wolves?

(A) Some humans hunt more frequently than gray wolves.

(B) Gray wolves hunt in larger groups than some humans.

(D) Some humans prey on animals of all ages, but gray wolves concentrate their efforts on young

animals.

9. The word favored in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) large

(B) escaping

(D) local

10. According to the passage , the imbalances discussed in paragraph 3 may have resulted from

(A) the effect of climate changes on large game animals

(B) large animals moving into a new environment

(D) older animals not being able to compete with younger animals

PASSAGE 75 ADABC CCDCC

托福阅读真题2

Under the Earth's topsoil, at various levels, sometimes under a layer of rock, there are deposits of clay. Look at cuts where highways have been built to see exposed clay beds; or look at a construction site, where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also reveal clay along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may make clay easily accessible. What is clay made of? The Earth's surface is basically rock, and it is this rock that gradually decomposes into clay. Rain, streams, alternating freezing and thawing, roots of trees and plants forcing their way into cracks, earthquakes, volcanic action, and glaciers — all of these forces slowly break down the Earth's exposed rocky crust into smaller and smaller pieces that eventually become clay.

Rocks are composed of elements and compounds of elements. Feldspar, which is the most abundant mineral on the Earth's surface, is basically made up of the oxides silica and alumina combined with alkalis like potassium and some so-called impurities such as iron. Feldspar is an essential component of granite rocks, and as such it is the basis of clay. When it is wet, clay can be easily shaped to make a variety of useful objects, which can then be fired to varying degrees of hardness and covered with impermeable decorative coatings of glasslike material called glaze. Just as volcanic action, with its intense heat, fuses the elements in certain rocks into a glasslike rock called obsidian, so can we apply heat to earthen materials and change them into a hard, dense material. Different clays need different heat levels to fuse, and some, the low-fire clays, never become nonporous and watertight like highly fired stoneware. Each clay can stand only a certain amount of heat without losing its shape through sagging or melting. Variations of clay composition and the temperatures at which they are fired account for the differences in texture and appearance between a china teacup and an earthenware flowerpot.

1. The author's main point in paragraph 1 is that clay deposits

(A) conceal layers of rock

(B) can be found in various places

(D) must be removed from construction sites

2. It can be inferred from the passage that clay is LEAST likely to be plentiful in which of the following areas?

(A) in desert sand dunes

(B) in forests

(D) near rivers

3. The word accessible in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) buried

(B) improved

(D) workable

4. According to the passage , rock breaks down into clay under all of the following conditions

EXCEPT when

(A) it is exposed to freezing and thawing

(B) roots of trees force their way into cracks

(D) natural forces wear away the Earth's crust

5. Why does the author mention feldspar in line 10?

(A) It is often used as a substitute for clay.

(B) It is damaged by the oxides in clay.

(D) It is a major component of clay.

6. The word it in line 13 refers to

(A) iron

(B) feldspar

(D) clay

7. Based on the information in the passage , it can be inferred that low-fire clays are MOST

appropriate for making objects that

(A) must be strong

(B) can be porous

(D) are highly decorated

8. The phrase account for in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) reduce

(B) explain

(D) list all of

9. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?

(A) Clay deposits are only found deep in the Earth.

(B) If clay contains too much iron it will melt when fired.

(D) If sufficient heat is applied, all clay will become nonporous.

PASSAGE 76 BACCD BBBC

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