托福考生必备素材：做家务的目的

托福写作考试分为独立写作和综合写作2个部分。很多考生在考试当中会遇到尴尬的事情就是无话可说，那么这时你积累的一些托福写作素材可能就会帮助到你了。下面小编给大家带来托福考生必备素材：做家务的目的。

托福考生必备素材：做家务的目的

Wring some meaning from work.

When we stack firewood to prepare for the upcoming winter, make a gift to celebrate a friend’s good news, or change a favorite recipe to accommodate Grandpa’s diabetes, our efforts have purpose and value. As our children participate along with us, they feel the intrinsic satisfaction of doing something that has meaning.

So many educational tasks put before our children serve no purpose other than to instruct. But when learning is connected to something truly purposeful, it can’t help but kindle motivation. Children feel honored to be included in real work that includes real challenges. If we pay attention, we see that’s just what they pretend to do when they play.

重点搭配和句子摘抄：

stack firewood to prepare for the upcoming winter: 为将要到来的冬天堆积柴火

make a gift to celebrate ：制作一个礼物庆祝

change a favorite recipe to accommodate Grandpa’s diabetes：为了适应爷爷的糖尿病改变菜谱

participate along with us：跟我们一起参与

feel the intrinsic satisfaction of doing something：通过做_x感到内在的满足感

educational tasks ：教育相关的任务

serve no purpose ：没有任何目的

when learning is connected to something truly purposeful, it can’t help but kindle motivation.

当学习跟有目的性的东西相结合的时候，就会点燃动力。

feel honored to ：感到骄傲

适用的题目：

Children should spend most of their time studying or playing; they shouldn't be required to help the family with household chores, such as cleaning and washing.

　　托福考生必备素材：一个人的旅行

Missed flights, cancelled rides and changed plans make solo travelers incredibly resilient. After grappling through the ups and downs of a solo trip, you're capable of bouncing back from pretty much anything life throws your way.

飞机误点、行程取消还有计划改变，独自旅行者因而变得异常平静，接受各种变化。经历过独自旅行的起起伏伏，无论人生途中有何坎坷，都可以自我恢复。

Solo adventure taught me a ton about relationships and human connection. Solo traveling pushed me out of my comfort zone.

一个人旅行教了我很多有关人际关系的处理，促使我走出自己的舒适区。

Yes, safety is a concern in certain locations, and it's often pleasant to have someone to share the scenery with. But never underestimate the glory of traveling solo, because you'll learn things you can't learn any other way.

确实，有些地方的安全问题是要考虑的，同他人共享美景往往也令人愉悦。但不要低估独自旅行的荣光，因为你能学到别处学不到的东西。

If you have the heart of an explorer, traveling alone is an excellent way to see the world on your own terms. But it can also be scary, particularly if you're a woman concerned about her safety on a solo trip to far-flung corners of the globe. Self-reliance was at the core of your being.

但如果你内心是个探险家，那么一个人独自旅行是看这个世界绝佳的方法。 独自一人也可能很骇人，尤其你若是一个女孩子，独自一人去世界遥远的角落不免担心安全问题。依靠自己是你存在的核心。

As we 'grow up' it becomes impractical to up-and-leave. Valid reasons like job security, relationships and making rent replace our once happy-to-rough-it-for-months mentality. That’s a good thing.

我们慢慢“长大”，“说走就走”变得越来越不可行。工作安全感、人际关系和房屋租金等真切存在的理由替代了我们曾经“快乐度日、得过且过”的思维方式。

As a solo traveler, you are more open, more willing to make friends, and share experiences with others along the way, and this reveals itself in your actions and your face. A well-considered itinerary helps me feel secure and keeps me occupied.

一个人旅行，你会变得更开明、更愿意结交朋友、更乐于和别人分享一路的游历体验，这会体现在你的行为中，也会写在你的脸上。

The ironic thing about traveling solo is that you're rarely ever actually alone. There's always an open seat next to you, whether you're on a plane, train, or bus, and sometimes that can lead to unwanted advances.

具讽刺意味的是，独自旅行时你很少真正独处。你身旁总会有一个空位，无论你在飞机、火车还是公交车上，有时还会带你开启一场你不曾期待的冒险。

　　托福考生必备素材：广告和传媒

1.广告所造成的影响

正面影响

A. For customers, advertising plays an imperative part in making them aware of the worth of the product or service.

B. For business, advertising facilitates manufacturers in creating product awareness among the public.

C. Apart from commercial advertising, public service advertisement plays a vital and irreplaceable role in our society.

负面影响

A. Advertisements create stereotyped aesthetic and behavioral models that may influence people’s values early in their lives.

B. Too many advertisements are seen on TV screens and in newspapers or magazines.

C. Advertising has an overall adverse impact on children and young people. For example, children or young people often misunderstand advertising which in turn can lead to inappropriate behavior.

2.传媒

Times have not become more violent. They have just become more televised.

The Internet is like alcohol in some sense. It accentuates what you would do anyway. If you want to be a loner, you can be more alone. If you want to connect, it makes it easier to connect.

Do you think all the news is true?

Not all the news is true. Broadsheet newspapers sometimes dig for information and twist its importance for political purposes. And news in tabloids is more sensational and contains more half-truth and biased opinions. The problem is that people everywhere confuse what they read in newspapers with news.

3.广告

Advertising is the modern substitute for argument; its function is to make the worse appear the better.

Many a small thing has been made large by the right kind of advertising.

Advertising is a valuable economic factor because it is the cheapest way of selling goods, particularly if the goods are worthless.

　　托福考生必备素材：科技范畴类

1：工业革命

Industrial Revolution:技术改变生活方式，改变女性地位，机械替代人类劳动

2：亚里士多德 Aristotle Greek philosopher

the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought

The crystal ball model of universe

在其哲学体系里，理论服从实地观察和逻辑，以三段论为基础，基本上是理性研究的理论方法博学通才与专才的关系，人类通过最初浅的观察描述世界，不完善的物理理论仍然被相信。

3: 哥白尼 Copernicus

Polish astronomer who advanced the theory that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun, disrupting the Ptolemaic system of astronomy。

哥白尼， 波兰天文学家，他提出地球及其它行星绕太阳运动的日心说，推翻了托勒密的天文学理论即地心体系。

Religion power 宗教势力

4：Bruno 布鲁诺

Burned to death in Rome Square Unlimited universe

不畏惧死亡，不服从权威，坚持真理

Galileo 伽利略 be sent to prison

Gravitational acceleration

Telescope

Discovery of the satellite of Jupiter

逻辑思维，挑战权威，为后人铺垫，重视实验和想象推理的结合

5：Newton 牛顿

引力定律： Law of gravitational

受到他人思想的启发，综合前人思想：Hook，Galileo

微积分：Calculus 自己创立数学模型解决问题，不一定拘泥于前人，创新思想。

6：爱因斯坦

Einstein Albert 1879—1955

专利局 patent office

光电效应： Photoelectric effect

狭义相对论：Special theory of relativity

广义相对论：General theory of relativity

The existence of Ether

挑战前人思想，实验基础结合想象，科学与艺术的结合

He got his idea (inspiration) when he was playing the violin。

Criticize the quantum physics: lead to the improvement of quantum physics

批评带来进步

7：与量子力学相关的科学家：

Rutherford，Heisenberg，bohr，Pauli，Dirac

与生活关系不大的领域仍然有重大意义，世界的本质，德国科学的发展，科学与道德Heisenberg，Harvey(synthesis ammonia gas, but devise poisonous gas in World War I)

量子力学是经典描述世界方法(波与粒子)的结合(在经典的理论上创新)

8：达尔文 Darwin

进化论：the theory of evolution

引起争议，重视考察，带着目的考察，有经验才能分析现象。

Darwin and Wallace

合作与竞争，科学与道德

9：有关数据与分析的两个天文学家：Tycho and Kepler

积累数据是第一步，理论从数据中分析而来

与之相反，现代量子理论一般是提出一个理论，然后设计实验去证明

Ex：the discovery of neutrino(中微子)

10：DNA结构的发现：Watson and Click

不同领域间的交流与支持，基础学科的作用，先进的仪器设备会产生新的发现

补两句名言：

巴斯德 ( Pasteur 1822-1895)一个科学家应该想到的，不是当时人们对他的表扬或者辱骂，而是未来若干世纪中人们怎么评价他。

The modern scientific method is usually attributed to Galileo。

现代科学方法通常被认为是伽里略创造的。