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【写作资料】托福写作高分必备6类花样句型

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在托福写作考试中,有很多可以为我们加分的地方,可以是新鲜的词汇,可以是优秀的句子,也可以是你的内容,今天我们一起来看看有哪些必备的高分句型。

【写作资料】托福写作高分必备6类花样句型

【写作资料】托福写作高分必备6类句型

表示原因

1. There are three reasons for this.

2. The reasons for this are as follows.

3. The reason for this is obvious.

4. The reason for this is not far to seek.

5. The reason for this is that...

6. We have good reason to believe that...

例如:

There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.

注:如考生写第一个句子没有把握,可将其改写成两个句子。如:Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this. 这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。

表示好处

1. It has the following advantages.

2. It does us a lot of good.

3. It benefits us quite a lot.

4. It is beneficial to us.

5. It is of great benefit to us.

例如:

Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better, and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore, reading extensively is of great benefit to us.

表示坏处

1. It has more disadvantages than advantages.

2. It does us much harm.

3. It is harmful to us.

例如:

However,everything divides into two. Television can also be harmful to us. It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.

经典托福写作句式四、表示重要、必要、 困难、方便、可能

1. It is important(necessary, difficult, convenient, possible. for sb. to do sth.

2. We think it necessary to do sth.

3. It plays an important role in our life.

例如:

Computers are now being used everywhere, whether in the government, in schools or in business. Soon, computers will be found in every home, too. We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.

表示措施

1. We should take some effective measures.

2. We should try our best to overcome (conquer. the difficulties.

3. We should do our utmost in doing sth.

4. We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced. with.

例如:

The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, we must take some effective measures to solve it.

表示变化

1. Some changes have taken place in the past five years.

2. A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.

3. The computer has brought about many changes in education.

例如:

Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years. The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek. Nowadays, more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein, and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.

表示事实. 现状

1. We cannot ignore the fact that...

2. No one can deny the fact that...

3. There is no denying the fact that...

4. This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.

5. However, that’s not the case.

例如:

We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution. To solve these problems, we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution. The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.

  托福独立写作--一键搞定主旨句

第一,主旨句要写得简短,不写长句。这是因为主旨句是对整段大意的概括,言简意赅,要求达到的目的是,当考官读完你的主旨句他就会了解你这段要写什么。所以说在这个领域,短句要比长句效果更好,最多出现一个从句,尽量不要出现复杂句。

第二,要体现题目当中的关键词。主旨句是概括本段的大意,那我们在写的时候尽量把主旨句和整篇文章的题目做一下关联,而最好的关联方式呢,就是你重复一下题目当中所出现的关键词,告诉考官“我没有跑题,我就是按照题目的要求写的。”。

第三,主旨句要表达出一个基本的逻辑。这个说法有点空洞不好解释,我来给大家举个例子。假使你的题目是“同不同意老师每天布置作业”,假设我要同意老师每天都布置作业,我是不是要找到每天布置作业的好处啊?所以说呢,那主旨句的基本逻辑就是这样的,每天布置作业对学生来讲有好处一,每天来讲布置作业对学生有好处二。所以说,这就构成了一个基本的逻辑。我要写清楚,为什么对学生有好处一,好处一是什么。为什么对老师有好处二,好处二是什么,这就是一个基本的逻辑。让考官能非常清楚的(明白)你这一段要展开的基本思路。

接下来我们用两类题目来给大家讲一讲,主旨句写作的时候有没有什么固定的句型可以使用。

从大的方面来讲呢,托福独立写作分为两大类话题,一类叫利弊类,一类叫原因类。

利弊类主旨句写法

什么是利弊类呢,就是通过找好处坏处能回答这个问题。比如说这个题目:

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Students doing reading by their own personality is as important as, or more important than reading assigned by teachers.

学生按照自己的个性去选择阅读材料比老师布置阅读材料更重要。假设我选择不同意,我的观点是,老师布置的阅读更好,那是不是我要找到老师布置阅读的基本好处啊?所以说,这就叫做利弊类的话题。

回忆一下我们刚才说的,题目当中,主旨句要简短,要体现关键词,也要体现基本逻辑。刚才我们把基本逻辑梳理了,那我们要找一找题目当中的关键词了,比如说题目里边的reading、assigned by teachers、personality像这些就属于key words,要尽量在你的topic sentence里出现。比如说我的主旨句可以写成

第一个好处:

Reading assigned by teachers can help students to enlarge their range of knowledge.

老师布置作业可以帮助学生扩展他们的知识面。

第二个好处:

Reading arranged by teachers could be beneficial for teachers to supervise the reading task.

老师安排阅读对老师来讲可以更好地去监督阅读任务的完成。

大家注意一下啊,这个里边我用了两个词,一个是help,一个是be beneficial for,这两个词呢都可以表示“好处”,所以说呢这类词在写利弊话题类的时候比较常用。

如果大家觉得这个句子是不是有点太简单,我想写成一个复合句,当然可以。大家注意看下边这部分啊,这部分在讲的就是用一个从句方式来表达这个观点。既然是利弊类,我又说的是好处,那很自然而然的我们就得出一个句型

The first advantage of reading assigned by teachers is that students would have a wider range of knowledge.

这个地方利用了The first advantage of sth is that... 这个句式来非常清晰地告诉考官,老师布置作业的第一个好处是扩大知识面。同理,那第二个topic sentence就可以利用同样的句式来写了。前边是“The first advantage”,那第二个怎么写呢,很容易,可以写

Another advantage of reading assigned by teachers is that teachers could have better supervision on the reading tasks of students.

所以说这两个句式也可以比较固定化的表达,而这种表达也不会让人认为是模板。因为我就是想写好处,那自然而然的逻辑就是第一个好处是什么,第二个好处是什么。所以说这样一写利弊类的话题(主旨句的)句型,就基本上清晰了。

利弊类小总结

我们来做一下总结,那表达好处的基本句型有哪些呢,你可以利用我们刚才第一组的topic sentence是用单句来说的,你可以把题目当中的话题变成一个doing的短语,再加上could be helpful、could be useful、could be beneficial for后边加上好处的对象,再加上一个to do,加上一个具体的好处是什么,这就构成了一个主旨句的基本句型。如果你想用动词,我不想用helpful、useful这些形容词,你可以使用contribute to或者使用我们刚才说的那个help,都可以起到同样表达“好处”的效果。那表达“坏处”有什么句型呢,同理,把上边那个句子稍微改一下就行了, 还需要把题目中的话题变成一个doing的短语,再加上could be harmful for、could be detrimental for、could be undesirable for加上坏处的对象,再加上to do,加上具体的坏处是什么就可以了。如果你想使用动词的话,可以使用lead to或者使用cause,这两个都可以表示产生不良的后果。如果你想用复合句型来表达好处坏处的话,上边那个句型就可以用了。The first advantage/disadvantage of后边加上话题,加上is that...的从句,接上好处坏处是什么,就可以了。第二个topic sentence呢,Another advantage/disadvantage of加上话题,再加上is that...,再加上具体的好处或者坏处,这种复合型的主旨句也能写出来了。

贴心笔记

表示有好处的基本句型有:

1 题目当中的话题(doing)+could be helpful/useful/beneficial for +对象+to do 具体的好处 …

2 contribute to

表示有坏处的基本句型有:

1 题目当中的话题(doing)+could be harmful/detrimental/undesirable for +对象+to do 具体的坏处 …

2 lead to/cause

表达好处/坏处的复合句型:

The first advantage/disadvantage of 话题 is that 具体的好处/坏处

Another advantage/disadvantage of 话题 is that 具体的好处/坏处

  托福写作之攻略长句子

那什么时候使用长句,什么时候使用短句?

在你要表达中心思想的时候,也就是在写主题句的时候,建议使用短句,因为写中心思想的时候需要在一句话当中把你的主要观点论述清楚,在这种情况下短句的表现力会更好。

在你要表达复杂概念,且这些概念存在因果、对比、时间等逻辑关系的时候,你可以使用长句,这样能让你一句话当中补充的信息比较多,也证明你对英语句子的掌握会比较充分。

所以说,山不在高有仙则名,水不在深有龙则灵,句不在长够用就行。

今天主要介绍三种让句子写得更长、更富有变化的方法。第一种,句子开头的变化。第二种,平行结构。第三种,分词结构。

句子开头的变化

首先,句子开头的变化目的是让句子变得更多样。它对句子长度的增加,并不那么明显。

让我们看个例子:Immediately, the police officer got out of the car and asked for my driver’s license.,immediately放在句首,可以让句子更多样,看起来富于变化。

再看一个例子:Farmlands, However, were less possible to be polluted because of fewer factories in the past. 那这句又把however又放在了主语的后边,谓语动词的前边,组成了一个插入语也可以。像这种句首的副词是一种变化方式。

第二,你可以用短语来开头。看这个例子,In the arena, fans stood with their hands over their hearts and sang the National Anthem with the purpose of showing respect to their country. 大家注意看,这一个单句,但是这句话写的也比较长,你看一下,开头是用了一个In the arena,然后在句子的末尾加了一个介词短语with purpose of doing something。前边加了一个介词短语,后边加了一个介词短语,那整个这句话变得就比较长了,也变得比较多样了。所以说介词短语,也可以让你的句子变得多样,且长度增加。

接下来还有一种方式,就是在句子的开头放上一个不定式,比如说To win,或者是写成in order to win,candidates need to convey a clear message that is not contaminated by the opposition. 前边加了一个in order to或者是to,也可以让句子变得多样,且长度增加。

还有一种方式,利用现在分词来开头,比如说,Tapping the power of being seen, the Oscar nominees appeared on late-night television, morning news programs, and in glossy magazines. ,现在分词tapping就可以起到让句子开头有变化的这种作用,但是注意,tapping出现ing的时候证明这个词的主语跟后面主句的主语一致,这种情况下才可以使用ing的形式来开头。

同样呢,我们还可以使用过去分词做开头,但这种情况下要求后一句的主语要和前边的这个分词形成被动关系,比如说,Seen from the space, the Earth is a blue planet.,其实就是 the earth is seen from the space, the Earth is a blue planet.。所以说这种情况下注意主动和被动关系就行了。主动用ing,被动用过去分词,也就是ed。所以说我们稍微总结一下,句子开头变化可以句首+副词,还可以用短语来开头,还可以用不定式,还可以用分词结构。

平行结构

第二种方式,平行结构这种方式其实非常好用,往往被大家忽视。比如说:My embarrassment stemmed not from the money lostbut from the notoriety gained.,所以说这个地方在说的时候你要想清楚,你看这句话not from...,but from...,这是不是一种平行的短语结构啊,让你的句子变得更加的丰富。

第二呢,She wanted her audience to remember the protest song and to understand its origin.,to remember...,and to understand...,这两个不定式同时也构成了一个平行的结构。

第三句,The team members vowed that they would support each other, that they would play their best, and that they would win the tournament.,注意,这三个平行结构是怎么构成的呢?三个宾语从句,that...,that...,and that...,所以说这一下这个句子就能拉长。再看下边一个例子,Whether her goals include publicizing student and faculty research or increasing research funding, she always works to improve research facilities.,注意,whether后边加的是 increasing...,所以说用doing的方式也可以构成平行结构。

在这里大家想一想,究竟什么是平行结构呢。那这个平行结构说的简单点,就是用同样的结构来并列,形成一种关系。常见的呢,可以引导平行结构的短语有:

...;...;...;not also...;...

这都是大家很熟悉的短语。只不过大家平时用的时候都是用名词,both A and B,A和B都是简单的名词或者代词,你没有想想是不是可以用短语来代替这些词,也可以加长句子的长度。

分词结构

第三种,就是分词结构。分词结构我们主要说分词做后置作定语的这种方式。

比如说看例子:By contrast, people living in the cityare suffering from various diseases caused by the environmental contamination, for pollutants from factories and automobiles are continually being discharged into the air and rivers.

这句话里边people living in the city其实就是people who live in the city,主动语态放在后边就可以用一个doing的形式来简化这个定语从句,后边那个various diseases caused by...,其实就是diseases which are caused by...,所以说这种过去分词也可以做后置定语,只要和前边的是个被动的关系就可以了。因此,这种分词结构也能够使句子变得更加丰富更加多样,然后长度也会相应拉长。

总结

前面我们在讲解的过程当中一直在说这个问题,你要让你的句子多样,要让你的句子变长。你发现了吗,变长的时候我们的主力句型是什么呢,就是从句,或者分词,再加上一个并列句,简单的讲就是,你要写成,when I get up, I go to school, and...,怎么怎么怎么样。这样一句话就可以把它拉长。在你写从句的时候,你也可以考虑使用分词来替换,因此呢,这就是我们让句子变长的几个小的技巧。

最后给大家来一个结构非常清楚的长句例子:

Both involving in program engineering and in the after-sale service, Tom could not only sharpen his skills in his major—computer science by being elected as one of top ten programmers in the company but also he could cultivate a new skill—fluently and efficiently communicate with others by answering dozens of calls of complaints from the customers every day.(60 words)