这些从属连词，你真的分清了吗？

BECAUSE

因为

Used to introduce a cause or a reason

用于介绍起因或原因

I didn’t answer your messages because I was out of the country.

我没有回复你的留言，因为我出国了。

I’m not going to apologize just because you told me to.

我不会因为你让我道歉我就道歉。

Because my lower back kept hurting, I decided to finally go see a chiropractor.

因为我的后背疼，所以我最终决定去看医生。

SINCE

自从

Can be used to introduce a cause or a reason

可以用来介绍起因或原因

I decided to bake cupcakes, since it was Marjorie’s birthday.

因为那是马乔里的生日，所以我决定烤蛋糕。

Since you’re always late, I’m going to start showing up late too.

因为你总是迟到，我也打算晚到了。

Can also be used to indicate that something has been true starting from a certain point in time.

也可以用来表示某事从某个时间点开始是真实的。

I’ve been broke since my last vacation to Puerto Rico.

自从上次假期去了波多黎各旅游，我已经破产了。

Ever since I was young, I’ve always wanted to become a scientist.

从我年轻的时候起，我就一直想成为一名科学家。

What have you been up to since school ended?

放学后你一直在忙些什么？

UNTIL

直到...

Can be used to indicate that an event only happens up to a certain point in time.

可以用来指某事只发生在某一时刻。

I usually sit around in my office until my boss gives me work to do.

我通常坐在办公室里，直到老板给我工作做。

Until you came into my life, I wasn’t quite sure where I would find love.

直到你走进我的生活，我才确定在哪里能找到爱。

When I was in college, I would study until I passed out at 3 or 4 in the morning.

在我上大学的时候，我会一直学习到凌晨3，4点。

WHEN

当...时

Can be used to indicate that two events happened simultaneously

可以用来表示两个事件同时发生。

When it started to snow, everyone started posting statuses on Facebook.

当开始下雪时，每个人都开始在脸书社交软件发布状态。

When the clock struck three, all the students immediately evacuated the classroom.

当钟敲到三点时，所有的学生立即撤离教室。

I don’t know how to react when you yell at me like that.

我不知道你那样对我大喊大叫时会有什么反应。

WHENEVER

无论何时

Can be used to indicate that when one event happens at any point, so does another

可以用来表示当一事件发生在任意某一时刻时，另一个事件也发生。

Whenever I try to comfort people, I somehow make things worse.

每当我试图安慰别人时，我就把事情弄得更糟。

I hate it whenever I run into coworkers outside of work.

我讨厌在工作之外碰到同事。

Whenever you start feeling anxious, just try to breathe.

每当你开始感到焦虑时，试着深呼吸。

WHILE

当...时

Can be used to indicate that two things happen simultaneously. It emphasizes the continuousness of an action more than the conjunction “when.”

可以用来表示两件事同时发生。相比于连词“when”，它更强调动作的持续性。

I often get distracted while trying to study.

我经常在学习时分心。

It’s hard trying to take classes while also working two jobs.

做两份工作还要同时上课学习是很困难的。

While my parents were away for the weekend, my brother and I decided to throw a house party.

我父母外出度周末时，我和弟弟决定举行一个家庭派对。

Can also be used to switch from one idea to another

也可以用来表示从一种想法转换到另一种。

While puppies are cute, they can be incredibly annoying to take care of.

虽然小狗很可爱，但照顾它们却让人很烦躁。

Neutral colors tend to go together easily, while other colors are harder to pair up well.

中性色易于搭配，而其他颜色则难以配对。

AS

当...

Can be used as an alternative to “while”

可以当做“同时”的替换词

We can see what logistical problems come up as we move on with the project.

我们可以看到在我们继续这个项目时，后勤问题出现了。

As the night drew on, the crowd became noisier and noisier.

当夜幕降临的时候，人群变得越来越吵。

My dad entered the driveway right as I called to see where he was.

当我打电话去看他在哪里时，爸爸走进了车道。

Can also be used as an alternative to “since” or “because”

也可用作“自从”或“因为”的替换词

You should be careful going to the gym, as your ankle is still a little weak.

你去健身房要小心点儿，因为你的脚踝还有点问题。

Can also be used to mean something like “in the manner of.” Can be emphasized by the word “just”

也可以用来表示“以...的方式”，可以用“just”这个词来强调。

I wrote my essay with five paragraphs just as my professor told me to do in the instructions.

按照我教授告诉我的提示，我写了五段文章。

I took the dog out three times a day just as you told me to.

按照你告诉我的那样，我一天遛狗三次。

Just as you requested, here’s your coffee with soy milk instead of regular milk.

正如你所要求的，这是你的咖啡，用豆奶代替普通牛奶。

ONCE

一旦

Used to indicate that something has only been true since the occurrence of something else.

用来表明某事只有在另一件事发生后才开始成为事实

I only started to seriously rethink my life once I graduated college.

大学毕业后，我才开始认真反思自己的生活。

Once I actually started going to museums, I realized that I really liked them.

一旦我真的开始去博物馆，我意识到我真的很喜欢它们。

I don’t know how Jared is so charismatic. Once he starts a trend, everyone else quickly follows.

我不知道贾里德是如此的有魅力。一旦他开始一种趋势，其他人就会很快追随。

IF

如果

Can be used to set up a condition in a hypothetical situation.

可以用来在假设的情况下建立一个条件。

If I lived alone, I’d play my muisc really loudly.

如果我独自一人生活，我将把我的音乐播到最大。

I’ll scratch your back if you scratch mine.

如果你抓我的背，我也抓你的。

If something’s bothering you, don’t hesitate to tell me.

如果有什么事困扰着你，请告诉我。

The conjunction “if” can be emphasized with the word “even.”

连词“如果”可以用“even”来强调。

I wouldn’t tell you his secret even if you begged me.

即使你求我，我也不会告诉你他的秘密。

Even if I’m having a bad day, I try to be nice to people.

即使我今天过得不好，我也会对别人友善。

AS IF

好像，似乎

Can be used to mean something like “pretending that something were true”

可以用来表示“假设某事是真的”之类的情况

He treats me as if I were his sister, not his girlfriend.

他待我好像我是他的妹妹，而不是他的女朋友。

Don’t try to lecture me as if you actually knew what you were talking about.

别想教训我，好像你真的知道你在说什么似的。

You tend to brush most things off as if they’re no big deal.

你对大部分事情都避开不谈，好像它们没什么大不了的。

LIKE

如

Can be used as an alternative to “just as.” Can be emphasized by the word “just.”

可以作为“just as”的替换词，可以用“just”这个词来强调。

I did the dishes like you told me to.

我按照你告诉我的那样洗碗。

The dish that was served looked just like it did in the menu.

上的菜看起来和菜单上的菜一样。

Can also be used as an informal alternative to “as if”

也被用作“as if”的替换词

Sometimes I feel like Keira ignores me on purpose.

有时候我觉得凯拉忽略了我的用意。

Don’t treat me like I’m an idiot.

别把我当成傻瓜。

UNLESS

除非

Can be used to introduce an exception to a statement

可以用于介绍一种情况的例外情形

The professor said not to email her unless you have a logistical question.

教授说除非你有逻辑上的问题，否则不要给她发电子邮件。

I personally won’t date you unless I find you attractive.

除非我觉得你很吸引人，否则我不会和你约会。

The visiting team is going to win unless the tables somehow turn last minute.

赌桌上直到最后一分钟才能表明客队赢了。

IN CASE

以防万一

Can be used to mean something like “for the possibility that something might happen”

I sent the message twice in case the first one didn’t go through.

我发了两次邮件，以防第一个邮件没有发过去。

In case you’re wondering, the performance doesn’t end for another two hours.

以免你觉得奇怪，演出两个小时后还不会结束。

Can you double check the document just in case there aren’t any errors?

你能仔细检查一下文件，以防没有错误吗？

WHETHER

是否

A shortened form of “whether or not”

“whether or not”的缩写形式

I’m not sure whether we’ll be able to hit everything on the itinerary.

我不确定我们是否能把行程中的一切都安排好。

Can you tell whether this was handwritten?

你能断定这是手写的吗？

Do you care whether I’m in the room while you’re on the phone?

你在打电话时介意我在房间里吗？

ALTHOUGH

尽管

Can be used to mean “despite the fact that” or “regardless of the fact that”

可以用来表示“尽管事实是...”或“不顾事实...”

Although he was a bit rude, people still found him funny and hung out with him.

虽然他有点粗鲁，但人们还是觉得他很有趣，跟他混在一起。

Although the party was dull, I was still happy to see you guys.

虽然聚会很无聊，但我还是很高兴见到你们。

My dad claims that he’s German and Dutch, although he’s also a compulsive liar.

我爸爸声称他是德国人和荷兰人，尽管他是个爱说谎的人。

THOUGH

An alternative to “although.” Can be emphasized with the word “even.”

“although”的替换词，可以用“even”来修饰。

I finally finished the video, though the editing is a bit choppy.

我终于做完了视频，虽然剪辑时有点小状况。

Even though I hate rollercoasters, I went on one after my friends forced me.

尽管我讨厌过山车，在我的朋友要求我的时候，我还是去了一个。

I tried escargot for the first time in Paris, though I can’t quite say that I enjoyed it.

我在巴黎第一次吃蜗牛，虽然我不能说喜欢它。

AS SOON AS

一...就...

Can be used to indicate that one event happened at the same time as or directly after another event. It’s similar to the correlative conjunctions “no sooner…than” and “hardly…when.”

可以用来表示一件事和另一件事同时发生，或者直接发生在另一事件之后。它类似于关联词“no sooner...than”和“hardly...when”。

As soon as you’re all packed, we’ll put everything in the car and go.

你们一收拾好东西，我们就把它们放到车里然后出发。

Can you let me know as soon as you’re done with the assignment?

你完成任务后能告诉我吗？

I saw your eyes light up as soon as I said the word “ice cream.”

我刚一说“冰淇淋”这个词，你的眼睛就亮了。

AS LONG AS

只要

Can be used to indicate that one thing is true only under the condition that another thing is true.

可以用来表示只有在另一事发生的情况下，这件事才会发生。

I’ll be happy as long as you remember to call me when you’re gone.

只要你记得走了以后给我打电话，我就会很高兴的。

As long as it’s below 60 degrees, you won’t catch me wearing short sleeves.

只要低于60度，你就不会穿短袖了。

I’ll always tip a waiter as long as they’re a decent server.

只要服务员是相当不错的服务员，我就随时给小费。

Another alternative is “so long as.”

另一个替换词是“so long as”

You should be able to do whatever you want so long as you’re happy and healthy.

只要你快乐健康，你就可以做任何你想做的事。

PROVIDED (THAT)

只要

A more formal alternative to “as long as”

"as long as"更为正式的替换词

The manager will give you a day off work provided you give a valid reason for it.

只要你给出合理的理由，经理会给你一天假。

Provided that you worked hard and participated all semester, the professor might cut your final grade some slack.

只要你整个学期都努力学习并且积极参与，教授就会放你一马。

BEFORE

在...之前

Used to introduce the earlier event in a pair of events

用于介绍一对事件中的较早的一件事

We should meet up and grab lunch before this week is over.

我们应该在这个星期结束之前聚在一起吃顿午饭。

Before we move on any further, do you have any questions?

在我们进一步讨论之前，你还有什么问题吗？

I told you to use the bathroom before we left the rest stop.

我告诉过你，在离开休息室之前先去一下洗手间。

AFTER

在...之后

Used to introduce the later event in a pair of events

用于在一对事件中，介绍较后的一事件

My friend fell into a coma after he got in a car accident.

我的朋友在车祸后陷入昏迷状态。

After the movie is over, do you want to grab food somewhere?

电影结束后，你想去哪里吃东西吗？

We decided to order pizza after you fell asleep.

我们决定在你睡着后点比萨饼。

IN THAT

因为

Can be used to specify the respect to which something is true

可以用来指定某事的真实性

He’s a smart person in that he knows how to act around different people.

他是个聪明的人，因为他知道如何面对不同的人。

I was extremely lucky in that the police decided not to check my belongings.

我非常幸运，因为警察决定不检查我的物品。

The stage setting was excellent in that it really caught the eye yet with a minimalist design.

舞台布景很棒，因为虽设计简约，但它确实吸引了人们的眼球。

NOW THAT

既然

Can be used to indicate that a situation has changed with the occurrence of an event

可以用来表示情况随事件的发生而改变

Now that I’m eighteen, I can finally vote in my first election.

现在我既然已经十八岁了，我终于可以在我的第一次选举中投票了。

I can think a bit clearer now that I’ve had my coffee.

既然我喝了咖啡，我就可以更清楚地想一想了。

We should think about going to the park now that the weather is a bit nicer.

既然天气稍微好了一点，我们就应该考虑去公园了。

SO (THAT)

如此...以至于

Can be used to express a purpose or intention

可以用来表达目的或意图

I took some pictures on my vacation so you could see.

我在假期里拍了一些照片，这样你就可以看到了。

If you see an ambulance behind you, always pull over so that it can get through.

如果你看到一辆救护车在你身后，你一定要靠边停车，以便它能通过。

Can you make the link shareable so I can view it?

你能把链接共享以便我能看到吗？