直接引语与间接引语的时态区别
这篇文章的目的是让你对两种语体行为有深刻的理解，当你该使用它们时，它们看起来是什么样子，以及它们之间有什么区别，例如它们在时态、代词和句子整体结构上的变化。
I will also show you how to make interrogative and imperative sentences in the indirect speech. I promise to make this as clear and simple as possible. Let’s get started.
我还将告诉你如何在间接引语中做出疑问句和祈使句，我保证尽可能清晰简洁地阐述这一点。让我们开始吧。
1. Direct Speech Definition
1.直接引语的定义
Direct speech includes exactly what the person said, the spoken phrase is placed between quotation marks and there is no need to change the tense or the pronoun in the sentence structure.
直接引语包括某人所说的确切的话，口语短语放在引号之间，不需要改变句子结构中的时态或代词。
Kim said, “I am hungry”
基姆说：“我饿了。”
The waiter said, “The food will be ready soon.”
服务员说：“菜很快就好了。”
Direct speech, narrates a situation, it recounts exactly what happened and was said at th time.
直接引语，叙述一种情况，它准确地叙述了当时发生的事情和所说过的话。
The sentence structure is very simple as you don’t have to change the tense or any pronoun that may be used, just don’t forget the comma before or after ‘said’ and the quotation marks. Below are examples of direct speech.
这个句子的结构很简单，因为你不需要改变任何可能会用到的时态或代词，只是别忘了'说'之前或之后的逗号和引号。下面是些直接引语的例子。
They said, “We were watching a movie last night”
他们说：“昨天晚上我们正在看电影。”
“I will visit America next year,” she said.
“明年我要去美国。”她说。
2. The Indirect Speech Definition and Formula
2.间接引语的定义和规则
Unfortunately, indirect speech isn’t as simple as direct speech, but once you understand the sentence structure and the indirect speech rules, it is straight forward and a great way to show off your English language skills.
不幸的是，间接引语并不像直接引语那么简单，但是一旦你理解了句子结构和间接引语的规则，它的表达就是直白的，并且它也是展示你英语能力的好方法。
So let’s get started, first of all, we don’t use quotation marks with indirect speech, instead we include ‘that’ before retelling what has been said.
那就让我们开始吧。首先，我们在间接引语中不使用引号，取而代之的是，我们在复述已经说过的话前加入连接词“that”。
Look at the direct speech example again:
再看一遍直接引语的例子：
Kim said, “I am hungry”
基姆说：“我饿了。”
Now look at the example using indirect speech:
现在看一下使用间接引语的例子：
Kim said that she was hungry.
基姆说她饿了。
Did you notice where ‘that’ is located and how the quotation marks are not required?What else is different?
你有没有注意到“that”的位置以及这里不需要加引号？还有什么不同吗？
3. The Tense Change in Indirect Speech
3.间接引语的时态变化
Take a look at the examples of direct and indirect speech below:
看看下面直接引语和间接引语的例子：
She said, “I study English every day.”
她说：“我每天都学习英语。”
She said that she studied every day.
她说她每天都学习英语。
Can you see what happens to the tense with the indirect sentence structure? Yes, the present tense is changed to the past tense. This is another adjustment made when using indirect speech; sometimes we have to change the tense.
你能看到间接引语句子结构中时态的变化吗？是的，这里一般现在时态变成了一般过去式。这是使用间接引语时的另一种调整，有时我们必须改变时态。
This can cause confusion for many language learners but I will provide you with a helpful tense chart that demonstrates when you need to change the tense and which tense switches with another tense.
这可能会使得许多语言学习者感到困惑，但我会给你一个有用的时态图表，说明你何时需要改变时态以及用哪一种时态和另一种时态进行转换。
4. Direct Speech Indirect Speech (Present)
4.直接引语与间接引语（现在时态）
The present simple changes to the past simple.
一般现在时转换为一般过去时。
She said, “I play football”
她说：“我踢足球”。
She said that she played football.
她说她踢足球。
The present continuous changes to the past continuous.
现在进行时转换为过去进行时。
John said, “he is reading about World War II in school”
约翰说：“他正在学校读关于第二次世界大战的书”
John said that he was reading about World War II in school.
约翰说他正在学校读关于第二次世界大战的书。
The present perfect changes to the past perfect.
现在完成时转换为过去完成时。
I said, “he has started the movie”
我说：“他已经开始看电影了”。
I said that he had started the movie.
我说他已经开始看电影了。
The present perfect continuous changes into the past perfect continuous.
现在完成进行时转换为过去完成进行时。
He said, “it has been raining all day”
他说：“一整天都在下雨。”
He said that it had been raining all day.
他说已经下了一整天的雨。
5. Direct Speech Indirect Speech (Past)
5.直接引语与间接引语（过去时态）
The past simple changes to the past perfect.
一般过去时转换为过去完成时。
Kate said, “I cooked dinner”
凯特说：“我做晚饭了。”
Kate said that she had cooked dinner.
凯特说她做了晚饭。
The past continuous doesn’t change.
过去进行时不变。
She said, “Jenny was parking the car.”
她说：“詹妮当时正在停车。”
She said that Jenny was parking the car.
她说詹妮当时正在停车。
Past perfect doesn’t change.
过去完成时不变。
They said, “we had eaten in that restaurant before”
他们说：“我们以前在那家餐馆吃过饭。”
They said that they had eaten in that restaurant before.
他们说他们以前在那家餐馆吃过饭。
