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　　关于计数的知识

News That Counts

关于计数的知识

A new number was discovered by a team of German mathematicians in January of this year. The previously unknown integer lies in the relatively unexplored region between the numbers 88,000,002,999 and 88,000,003,000. This unexpected integer has been provisionally named “S,” for “Surprise,” until the mathematical community has determined its exact location and value.

一个新的数字。此前这个未知的整数位于 88,000,002,999 和 88,000,003,000 之间，这个也相对未知的区域。直到这个数学团体在确定该数字的准确位置和数值之前，这个意外发现的整数曾被暂时命名为为“S”。“S”为英文中“惊奇”这个单词的首字母。

The existence of undiscovered whole numbers in the space between known integers has long been recognized as a possibility, according to theoretical mathematician and team leader Angela Zifferling at the Institute for Polynomial Advance in Töttingen, Germany.

根据德国哥廷根多项式推进研究院的理论数学家与该研究组组长安吉拉·杰斐林的说法，数学家们长期以来一直都认为在已知整数中还有可能存在着未被发现的整数。

Crunching Numbers

数字处理

It is largely because we are only used to counting up to a thousand or so in our everyday lives that we fail to notice the presence of so-called “inter-integral” numbers and other strange phenomena that lie in the incredibly distant regions of the number line.

这很大程度上是因为我们在日常生活中仅习惯于数数到一千左右，导致我们忽视了所谓“数中数”的存在以及其他在数轴上更远区域内存在的奇特现象。

As Zifferling explains: “It’s as if you only made observations from here to the moon, and concluded that there isn’t anything much in outer space. We really have no idea what may exist in the remoter regions of the number line, because the simple fact is that the area beyond around one hundred billion is still almost completely unexplored.”

正如杰斐林解释道：“这就好比你只观察到你到月亮之间的事物，就下结论说外太空中没有什么。我们真的不知道在数轴上更遥远的区域内存在着什么，因为现在的数学家对万亿以外的数域几乎没有研究，这是事实。”

If confirmed, the existence of number S would make calculations involving numbers in its region much more difficult, as it will probably be found to be exerting a kind of pressure on the whole numbers on either side of it in order to fit in. Mathematicians refer to this pressure as “integral crowding,” and say that it may increasingly be a problem as we move farther and farther from zero.

如果数字“S”的存在得到确认，这将会使该区域内的计数问题更加复杂，因为为了使其存在有意义，“S”很可能回向其两边的整数施加压力。数学家们将这种压力称为“整数拥挤”，并表示随着我们沿着数轴的正方向越走越远，该问题也将会变得越来越棘手。

　　富兰克林没有被雷击

Ben Franklin Did Not Get Struck By Lightning

本.富兰克林没有被雷击

Did Ben Franklin really discover electricity with a kite?

本.富兰克林真的靠一只风筝发现了电吗?

Everybody has heard the famous story of how pioneering experimenter–and part-time founding father–Ben Franklin tied a key to a kite string and flew the kite in a thunderstorm. The kite was hit by lightning, and zap! Franklin had discovered electricity.

大家都听过这个有名的故事：本.富兰克林这位开创性的实验者兼开国之父如将一把钥匙系到风筝线上，并在电闪雷鸣的恶劣天气下放风筝。风筝被闪电击中烧毁了，于是富兰克林发现了电。

Fried Franklin

烧焦的富兰克林

Well, it makes a better story than it does an experiment. The danger is that lightning is not something you want to play with, and you certainly don’t want to attract it to yourself! Were this story to be true, I’m afraid, the result would have been fried Franklin.

我们最好把它当成一个故事而非实验。这个实验的危险之处在于：闪电不是你能玩耍的东西，当然你也不想引“电”上身。如果这个故事是真的，恐怕富兰克林早已被烧焦了。

What Ben actually did in his famous 1752 experiment was to cause some excess electrical charge near a storm cloud to ground out through his kite string–still an impressive demonstration, but a much less powerful prospect than an actual lightning strike.

在1752年这次著名的实验中，本所做的就是将暴风云附近的过量电荷通过风筝线引到地面上来，虽然相比实际雷击威力要小很多，但它仍是一个令人印象深刻的证明。

Myths

神话

Nor is it true that Franklin discovered electricity, as people tend to say. What he was trying to do was to demonstrate that lightning itself is simply a powerful electric discharge between the clouds and the earth. In this he was entirely correct.

事实上，富兰克林也没有像人们所说的那样发现了电。他所努力做的一切就是要证明：闪电本身只是云和地球之间的一种威力巨大的放电现象，在这一点上，他是完全正确的。

Now, did you know that two of the basic terms we use even today to describe electric charge were coined by Franklin? Next time.

时至今日我们仍用以描述电荷的两个基本术语是富兰克林创造的，你知道吗?这个问题我们下次详述。