研究发现 印度每年有24万女童因性别歧视而夭折

Hundreds of thousands of young girls in India die every year because of "invisible discrimination", according to research published in the Lancet Global Health.

根据《柳叶刀全球健康杂志》上发表的研究显示，在印度，由于无形的歧视，成千上万的女童因此夭折。

Researchers from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis estimate an average of 239,000 girls under five in India die each year, or 2.4 million in a decade, because of their gender.

来自国际应用系统分析研究所的研究人员估计，由于性别问题，印度平均每年有23.9万名五岁以下的女孩死亡，十年内死亡的女童人数高达240万。

Many of the deaths were due to neglect, both within their families and from health practitioners, as well as an "invisible, routine and continued", bias Indian girls experience in food allocation.

许多女孩的死亡都是由于她们的家庭照料人员以及健康从业人员的疏忽造成的，以及“无形的、常态化的、持续的”、在给印度女孩分配食物的经验方面的偏见。

Studies have shown that Indian girls receive less education, have poorer nutrition and get less medical attention than boys.

研究表明，印度女孩受教育程度较低，营养不良，受到的医疗照顾要比男孩少。

Under natural conditions and in countries where no such gender bias exists, mortality rates for girls under five should be lower than those for boys due to a natural biological advantage.

在自然条件下以及没有女孩性别歧视的国家，由于天生的生物优势，五岁以下女童的死亡率应当是低于男童的。

But the researchers, who used census data from 2000-2005, found what they described as an "excess mortality rate" among girls under five across 29 out of 35 Indian states. The rate was 18.5 per 1,000 live births.

但是，研究人员使用了2000年至2005年的人口普查数据，发现在印度的35个邦里，有29个邦的5岁以下女童出现了他们所谓的“超额死亡率”。每1000人中就有18.5人死亡。

The worst affected was northern India, which has a number of large rural agricultural states with low education and socio-economic development levels and high fertility.

这个问题在印度北部地区最突出，那里有大片的农村区域，教育水平低，社会经济发展程度低，出生率却很高。

Christophe Guilmoto from the Universite Paris-Descartes, France, said that for too long, the focus had been on pre-natal sex selection.

法国巴黎笛卡尔大学的里斯托弗·吉尔莫托表示，长期以来，人们都关注的是产前的性别选择。

"Gender-based discrimination towards girls doesn't simply prevent them from being born, it may also precipitate the death of those who are born," said Guilmoto.

吉尔莫托表示：“性别歧视不仅令许多女婴根本没有来到人世的机会，还让已经出生的女孩面临死亡的威胁。”

"Gender equity is not only about rights to education, employment or political representation. It is also about care, vaccination and nutrition of girls, and ultimately survival."

“性别平等不仅仅意味着教育、就业和参与政治的机会均等，它也体现在给女孩提供的关爱、预防接种、营养以及最根本的存活的权利。”