令人难以置信的十大畸形病例(下)

rnumerary Nipples

5.多乳头畸形

When more than two nipples grow on a body, the condition is known medically as polythelia. Extra nipples typically form along the milk lines, which run from the upper torso to the groin area. Cases have been recorded in which supernumerary nipples appear elsewhere on the body, though. Other places they may occur include the thighs, face, and neck.

医学上将有两个以上乳头的情况称为多乳头病症。多余的乳头一般会沿着乳线生长，即从腋下到腹沟股的部分。但是曾经也有乳头生长在大腿、脖颈甚至脸部的例子。

Regardless of where these abnormalities pop up, they are physically harmless. Underdeveloped nipples are often mistaken for moles, so removal is typically done for cosmetic reasons. Celebrities such as Mark Wahlberg have famously accepted and embraced their third nipples. Harry Stiles of the band One Direction admitted to having four altogether. However, not everyone shows their supernumerary nipples so much love. Carrie Underwood had hers removed, which she admitted at her American Idol audition. This particular deformity is relatively common, affecting 1–6 percent of the American population. You may well know somebody who has an extra nipple of their own.

不管多余的乳头长在身体的哪个部位，它们都不会对患者造成实质伤害。未发育完全的乳头常被误认为是肉痣，因此乳头切除手术也仅是出于美容考虑。有很多名人（比如马克·沃尔伯格）都坦然接受了他们的第三个乳头，"单向组合"乐队里的哈利·斯泰尔斯也曾承认说有四个乳头。但并不是所有人都对他们多出来的乳头喜爱不已，歌手凯莉·安德伍德就曾在《美国偶像》栏目上承认说，她去除了自己身上多余的乳头。这种畸形病症相对来说比较常见，占美国人口的1-6％，你身边很有可能就有这样的人。

ofibromas

4.神经纤维瘤

Those with neurofibromatosis have tumors ("neurofibromas") on their nerves or under the skin. The tumors can often be removed. Even when they can't be excised, they're benign and won't cause physical harm in the majority of cases.

神经纤维瘤通常指的是皮肤神经纤维瘤或是皮下丛状神经纤维瘤，一般可以通过手术切除。神经纤维瘤属于良性纤维瘤，即使不能手术切除，大多数情况下也不会对患者造成身体伤害。

Of the two types of neurofibromatosis, Recklinghausen disease is the most common. It can be, and often is, inherited. Parents with Recklinghausen have a 50-percent chance of passing it on to their children. If there is no family history of the disease in a Recklinghausen patient, the condition is caused by a genetic mutation at conception. Cases of this disease range from mild to severe to debilitating. The bulbous lumps can absolutely blanket skin in more extreme cases.

在神经纤维瘤的两种类型中，雷克林豪森病(最为常见，并且一般都是家族遗传，患者子女中约半数会发病。如果该病患者没有家族病史，那极有可能是受孕期间的基因突变所造成。患者病情有时会恶化加剧，身体逐渐虚弱衰竭。更有甚者，这些球状肿块可能会长满皮肤，完全不留间隙。

Caudal Appendage

3.尾部附肢

A caudal appendage is a human tail, which is not like an animal tail. Human tails don't help people balance better or swat away flies. In some cases, they're symptomatic of much more serious conditions, such as spina bifida.

尾部附肢指的是人类的"尾巴"，它不同于动物的尾巴，既不能帮助人类保持身体平衡，又不能拍走苍蝇。甚至有时候，它还是一些疾病的预兆，比如脊柱裂。

All humans have a spinal protrusion in the womb. It's typically absorbed in utero, but not all fetuses develop predictably. When a caudal appendage is not absorbed, the child ends up with a tail. It consists of fat, muscle, nerves, and blood vessels without any bone or cartilage. Fewer than 40 cases of this medical rarity have been recorded. It affects males twice as often as it affects females. A caudal appendage may be removed if surgery is deemed safe.

所有的人类在母亲子宫里时都曾有过一条"尾巴"，随着胚胎的不断发育，"尾巴"也逐渐消失，但并不是所有的胎儿都能按我们所预想的方向发展，一些未发育完全的胎儿还保留着人类"尾巴"。这条"尾巴"上面有脂肪、肌肉、神经和血管，但却没有骨头和软骨。目前记录在案的这类罕见病例不上于40起，且男性患者是女性患者的两倍。这种尾部附肢可以通过手术切除。

mastia

2.多乳房畸形

When an unexpected breast grows on the human body, the condition is called polymastia. Extra breasts tend to appear in the same place supernumerary nipples grow: the milk line, which runs down the torso and to the groin. They can, however, also appear on the buttocks, the back, the hip, or even the face.

多乳房是指有多个发育完全的副乳腺。多乳房和前文所提到的多乳头生长在同一位置，即腋窝至腹股沟的乳线上。然而，它们也有可能长在臀部、背部、大腿甚至面颊上。

Accessory breasts contain the same tissue as typical breasts. This means that a third breast can harbor a malignant tumor and threaten the patient's life. It's also possible for third breasts to feature nipples and lactate, though it's not guaranteed. These are simply possibilities that come with all breasts, wherever they happen to grow. Polymastia is an anomaly of nature that extends beyond the human species. A few primates have been diagnosed with this condition. It's rarer in the animal kingdom, but science has confirmed there's such a thing as a three-breasted monkey.

副乳房的腺体组织和正常乳房一样，这就意味着副乳房也可以"孕育"恶性肿瘤，威胁病人的生命。有些副乳上还会有乳头，能够分泌乳汁，尽管这样的情况并不多见，但并不能排除这样的可能性。多乳房畸形是人类的一种返祖现象。一些灵长类动物中也有多乳房畸形的出现。尽管这样的情况在动物界中更为罕见，但科学已经证实存在有三个乳房的猿猴。

rtrichosis

1.多毛症

Hypertrichosis is also known medically as Ambras syndrome and cheekily as "werewolf syndrome." Genetics cause people with hypertrichosis to have an excessive amount of hair, which may grow all over the body or only in concentrated areas. Ambras syndrome may also be acquired later in life—in relation to cancer, for example.

医学上也将多毛症称为"阿姆布拉斯综合征"，俗称"狼人综合征"。此病多是由先天遗传所致，患者全身毛发过剩，或是局部毛发过剩。也有非遗传性多毛症，但那通常是癌症的危险信号。

Fewer than 60 cases have ever been recorded, but this is not just a rarity for the history books. People with hypertrichosis live today. In 2010, Supatra "Nat" Sasuphan of Thailand earned a spot in the Guinness Book of World Records as the hairiest teenager. She's one of many who've made the best of especially unique physical traits. People can embrace and find success through their differences, especially when those oddities are strange enough to be seen as extraordinary.

目前发现的"狼人"患者不超过60人，医学专家认为，"狼人综合征"是一种罕见的返祖现象。现在仍有这样的患者存在，泰国"多毛"女孩苏帕塔·纳特·萨苏芬就曾在2010年获得吉尼斯世界纪录的认定，成为世界上毛发最多最长的人。世界上有很多人善于利用自己身体的"独特"之处，而苏帕塔正是其中之一。这一类人可能在身体上异于常人，但他们却可以将这种"与众不同"变成令人称奇的长处，以此获得成功。

翻译:李念 来源:前十网