MI6 警惕敌对国家破坏活动

State-sponsored propaganda, fake news and subversion pose a “fundamental” threat to the sovereignty of the UK and its allies, according to the chief of Britain’s Secret Intelligence Service.

英国秘密情报局（Secret Intelligence Service，即军情六处）局长表示，国家后台的宣传、假新闻和颠覆对英国及其盟友的国家主权构成“根本性”威胁。

Although he did not name Russia, references in a rare public speech by Alex Younger, head of MI6, left little doubt he was referring to recent activities that many western spy agencies attribute to the Kremlin. “The risks are profound,” he said.

尽管没有点名俄罗斯，但军情六处(MI6)掌门人亚历克斯.扬格(Alex Younger)在难得的公开演讲中提到的最近一些活动，无疑被许多西方间谍机构认为出自克里姆林宫之手。“相关风险是深远的，”他说。

His warning comes after a deeply divisive US election campaign in which federal authorities said Russian intelligence sought to influence voters by discrediting Hillary Clinton.

他的警告是在美国经历了一场深层次分裂的总统竞选后发出的，其间美国联邦政府有关部门曾表示，俄罗斯情报机构寻求通过抹黑希拉里.克林顿(Hillary Clinton)来影响选民。

MI6 and Nato officials share significant concerns over what the Kremlin may do to disrupt or manipulate elections in Europe next year.

军情六处和北约(Nato)的官员都十分担忧，克里姆林宫明年可能采取行动扰乱或者操纵欧洲的选举。

“The connectivity that is at the heart of globalisation can be exploited by states with hostile intent to further their aims deniably,” said Mr Younger.

“作为全球化核心的连通性可能被某些抱有恶意的国家利用，以一种可以抵赖的方式来达到它们的目标。”

Russia’s spy agencies are increasingly active in Europe, senior European intelligence officials recently told the FT.

欧洲高级情报官员最近告诉英国《金融时报》，俄罗斯的间谍机构在欧洲日益活跃。

Mr Younger said attempts to manipulate elections and distort public information fitted into “the dangerous phenomenon of hybrid warfare”, which was spreading in its use and effectiveness.

扬格表示，试图操纵选举和扭曲公共信息符合“‘混合战争’的危险现象”，其使用范围和有效程度都在扩大。

Hybrid warfare is now central to the way the Kremlin confronts countries it sees as strategic adversaries, such as the UK. It involves economic and information manipulation, and includes subversion and covert acts of destruction and destabilisation.

混合战争是目前克里姆林宫针对其眼中的战略对手——如英国——所采取的手段的核心，涉及经济和信息操纵，并且包括颠覆、采取秘密行动进行破坏和制造乱局。

While many techniques now practised by Russia were used by the KGB, the internet has created powerful new methods of influence. “Data and the internet have turned our business on its head,” Mr Younger said.

尽管俄罗斯目前采取的很多手法都是克格勃(KGB)过去使用过的，但互联网创造了强有力的制造影响力的新办法。“数据和互联网让我们的工作发生了翻天覆地的变化，”扬格说。