英多家银行拉黑GSK中国丑闻涉事侦探

A British private investigator jailed in China in the wake of GlaxoSmithKline’s bribery scandal has been blacklisted by banks, including HSBC and Royal Bank of Scotland, after authorities helped bring him back to the UK.

在葛兰素史克(GlaxoSmithKline)爆出行贿丑闻后在中国被捕的英国私家侦探韩飞龙(Peter Humphrey)，在当局帮助下遣返回英国后，被包括汇丰银行(HSBC)和苏格兰皇家银行(RBS)在内的多家银行列入黑名单。

Peter Humphrey, who was convicted after a closed-door trial in 2014 of illegally obtaining information on Chinese citizens, told the Financial Times that HSBC had withdrawn his personal and business accounts without explanation on his repatriation last year after a decades-long relationship. RBS’s offshore arm, with whom he had banked since 2012, also pulled services.

韩飞龙2014年在一次不公开审理后被判非法获取中国公民信息。他向英国《金融时报》表示，在他去年被遣返英国之后，汇丰银行已不顾数十年的业务往来，注销了他的个人和商业户头。而自2012年以来他一直开展银行业务的RBS离岸机构也同样中断了对他的服务。

While the banks declined to comment to the FT on specific cases, Mr Humphrey believes that the reason they closed his accounts was because of a confidential database used by 49 of the world’s 50 biggest banks, including HSBC and RBS.

虽然上述银行拒绝向英国《金融时报》发布对个案的置评，韩飞龙却认为它们关闭其户头的原因来自一个机密数据库。包括汇丰银行和RBS在内，全球50家最大银行中有49家使用了这个数据库。

World-Check, owned by Thomson Reuters, is used by banks, law firms and government agencies to research individuals and go through sanctions lists. Banks use it as part of their “know your client” checks, or KYC for short, that they must carry out as part of anti-money-laundering rules.

这个名为World-Check的数据库归汤森路透(Thomson Reuters)所有，它被多家银行、律师事务所和政府机关用于研究个人状况及查阅制裁名单。银行将该数据库用于反洗钱规定强制要求的“了解你的客户”(KYC)类型的审查。

But detractors allege that the database serves as an unaccountable blacklist, aggregating unverified blogs and newspaper articles, including some from state-sponsored sources, as well as court judgments from around the world.

不过，该数据库的贬低者则称，该数据库是个不负责任的黑名单，汇集的信息除了全球的法庭判决，还有未经确认的博客和新闻报道，其中包括部分来自政府赞助信息源的信息。

The database’s own fine print states that it provides merely a snapshot that “should be read by users in the context of the fuller details available in the external sources provided” and cautions their customers to verify the information. Individuals can request changes to inaccurate information.

该数据库的小字说明声称，它只是提供了一个信息快照，“用户应将其放在所附外部信息源提供的更详尽细节下解读”，并提醒客户要对信息加以确认。此外，个人也可要求对其中不准确的信息加以更正。

World-Check said in a statement that it aggregated information from government watch lists and sanctions databases, as well as “publicly available information from reputable sources in order to help clients comply with anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing regulations. Customers can then use this data to follow their own regulatory compliance policies and procedures.”

World-Check在一份声明中表示，它所收集的信息来自政府监控名单及制裁数据库，以及“有声誉的信息来源公开提供的信息，以帮助客户遵守反洗钱和反恐金融监管规定。这样，客户就可以使用这些数据，执行自己的监管合规政策及流程。”

HSBC said in a statement: “HSBC has a moral and regulatory obligation to have systems and controls in place to manage financial crime risk. As part of managing this risk, we periodically review our customer relationships and in doing so we gather information from a wide range of sources and take a number of factors into consideration.”

汇丰银行在一份声明中表示：“汇丰有建立管控系统和管控手段以管理金融犯罪风险的道德和监管义务。为管理这一风险，我们会周期性审核客户的各种关系。为做到这一点，我们会从各种信息来源收集信息，并将多种因素考虑在内。”

RBS declined to comment.

RBS则拒绝置评。

An insider at one high-street bank said that while cross-checking might occur for potentially lucrative new customers, a red flag for anyone else would be enough to terminate any relationship.

一家主流大银行的一位内部人士表示，尽管银行或许会复查一下具备潜在盈利前景的新客户，对于其他任何客户，一个红灯就足以终结任何业务往来了。

World-Check’s results for Mr Humphrey, seen by the FT, group him with GSK and its former employees charged with bribery, even though he was not part of that investigation. The records go on to state that he was arrested then subsequently jailed “for alleged illegal trafficking of personal information”.

英国《金融时报》看到，尽管韩飞龙与GSK行贿案调查无关，World-Check中对他的查找结果依然将其与GSK及其被控行贿的前雇员归为一类。该记录接着表示，他先是被拘，随后“因涉嫌非法交易个人信息”入狱。

“That is erroneous and injurious; there was no ‘trafficking’ or buying and selling of information. We produced in-depth reports,” said Mr Humphrey. “The database also equates the validity of convictions in a country like China with those of countries with a long rule of law.”

韩飞龙表示：“这种说法错误而有害：根本就不存在信息买卖。我们只是制作了深度调查报告。这个数据库还将中国这类国家的判决有效性，和拥有漫长法治历史的国家划等号。”

Mr Humphrey and his wife were detained by Chinese authorities in 2013 after helping GSK, which was not mentioned during their trial, identify the source of a secretly filmed sex tape of its then top executive in China in bed with his girlfriend.

2013年，韩飞龙和他的妻子被中国当局羁押，原因是此前他们曾帮助GSK追溯到一个磁带的源头，这一秘密拍摄的性爱磁带中含有时任GSK中国最高主管与女友的床上镜头。

Thomson Reuters declined to comment on any specific case, citing data privacy laws. The FT competes with the company in providing news.

汤森路透援引数据隐私方面的法律，拒绝置评任何个案。目前，英国《金融时报》与该公司存在新闻报道上的竞争关系。