两名经济学家凭借契约理论问鼎诺贝尔奖

Two economists Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmstrom have won the 2016 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. Both of them will share 8 million kronor, or about $930,000.

今年的诺贝尔经济学奖最终花落两位经济学家--奥利弗·哈特和本特·霍尔姆斯特伦。他们俩人会分享800万瑞典克朗（折合约93万美元）的奖金。

Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has selected them for their contributions to contract theory.

瑞典皇家科学院依据二人对契约理论的贡献，从而最终选中了他们。

Oliver Hart was born in 1948 in London, UK. He holds Ph.D. from Princeton University, US. Presently, he is Andrew E. Furer Professor of Economics at Harvard University, US.

奥利弗·哈特于1948年出生在英国伦敦。他在美国普林斯顿大学获得博士学位。目前，他是美国哈佛大学是Andrew E. Furer经济学教授。

Bengt Holmstrom was born in 1949 in Helsinki, Finland. He holds Ph.D. from Stanford University, US. Presently he is the Professor of Economics and Management at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), US.

本特·霍尔姆斯特伦于1949年出生在芬兰赫尔辛基。他在美国斯坦福大学获得博士学位。现在他是美国麻省理工学院经济与管理学教授。

Their individual theories are valuable to the understanding of real-life contracts and institutions, as well as potential pitfalls in contract design.

两人的理论对于理解现实生活中的契约与制度，以及契约设计中的潜在缺陷十分有价值。

For example, contract theory can be used to analyze performance-based pay for CEOs or deductibles and co-pays for insurance.

比如，契约理论可以用来分析首席执行官们的绩效工资制度，或免赔额及共付保险。

The economics prize is not an original Nobel Prize. It was added to the others in 1968 by Sweden's central bank.

诺贝尔经济学奖并非诺贝尔最初设立的奖项，而是瑞典央行在1968年增设的一个奖项。