新科诺贝尔文学奖得主对其政治影响力不乐观

Svetlana Alexievich, the recently announced recipient of this year’s Nobel Prize for Literature and a prominent critic of Soviet and post-Soviet regimes, offered a bleak assessment of the political situations in Russia and her native Belarus while addressing journalists in Berlin on Saturday.

刚刚获得今年诺贝尔文学奖的斯韦特兰娜·阿列克谢耶维奇(Svetlana Alexievich)是前苏联与前苏联政权著名的批评者，周六，她在柏林接受记者采访时，对俄罗斯与她的祖国白俄罗斯的政治局面发表了悲观的意见。

“Every four years, new European officials come to power and think they can solve the Lukashenko problem without knowing that he is a man who is untrustworthy,” Ms. Alexievich said. She spoke on the eve of a presidential election in Belarus in which President Aleksandr G. Lukashenko, often referred to as Europe’s last dictator, is widely expected to win a fifth term.

“每过四年，新上任的欧盟官员都认为他们能够解决卢卡申科的问题，殊不知他根本就不是个值得信赖的人，”阿列克谢耶维奇说，周六正值白俄罗斯总统选举前夕，现任总统亚历山大·格里戈里耶维奇·卢卡申科(Aleksandr G. Lukashenko)很有可能连续当选第五个任期，他往往被视为欧洲的最后一个独裁者。

Ms. Alexievich described Sunday’s election as a rigged contest. “No one doubts that Lukashenko will win,” she said. “To paraphrase Stalin, it’s unimportant who votes for whom; what matters is who counts the vote. I don’t think we can expect any surprises.”

阿列克谢耶维奇说，周日的选举是一场非法操纵的竞争，“没有人认为卢卡申科会输，”她说。“这和斯大林是一回事，谁为他投票并不重要；重要的是谁来计票。我不认为选举结果会出现任何意外。”

European officials have said the European Union is prepared to suspend sanctions against Mr. Lukashenko after he released the country’s last political prisoners this year. A decision is expected before Oct. 31.

欧盟官员曾经表示，在卢卡申科于今年释放该国最后一批政治犯之后，欧盟将会暂停对白俄罗斯的制裁。这个决定有望在10月31日之前做出。

Ms. Alexievich, who was awarded the Nobel for her sweeping nonfiction works about events like the Soviet-Afghan war and the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, also described Russia as a place where “one can no longer speak of democracy” and “where ‘liberal’ is a dirty word.”

阿列克谢耶维奇因她的非虚构写作而获得诺贝尔文学奖，她的作品广泛地描写了阿富汗战争与切尔诺贝利核泄露事件等重大问题，在她笔下，俄罗斯是一个“人们再也不能谈论民主”的地方，在那里“‘自由’是一个坏字眼”。

“It isn’t about Putin,” said Ms. Alexievich, 67, referring to the Russian president, Vladimir V. Putin. “It’s about the collective Putin. He has a huge approval rating, perhaps 80 percent.”

“这不是关于普京，”67岁的阿列克谢耶维奇说起俄罗斯总统符拉迪米尔·V. 普京(Vladimir V. Putin)。“这是关于群体对普京的支持。他拥有极高的支持率，大概在80%左右。”

“I now understand what Hannah Arendt meant when she talked about ‘dark times.’ Russia is now living in dark times,” she added, referring to the German-born political philosopher who wrote about totalitarianism.

“我现在明白汉娜·阿伦特(Hannah Arendt)所谓的‘黑暗时代’是什么了。俄罗斯现在就处于黑暗时代，”她补充说道；汉娜·阿伦特是生于德国的政治哲学家，曾经写过关于集权主义的专著。

Because of her criticism of the government in Belarus, where press freedoms are under constant threat, Ms. Alexievich spent a decade in exile in Italy, France and Sweden, among other places. That time widened her horizons, she said, and helped her to “see the world in color.”

在白俄罗斯，出版自由常年受到威胁。由于批评政府，阿列克谢耶维奇在意大利、法国和瑞典等地度过了十年的流放岁月。她说，这段时间拓宽了自己的视野，让她“见识了这个多彩的世界”。

Yet for most of her life, Ms. Alexievich has lived in the Belarussian capital, Minsk. It is only by being there and speaking to people, she said, that she can express the realities of their lives. “How people actually live — you can’t find that on the computer,” she said Saturday.

然而她人生的大部分时间还是在白俄罗斯的首都明斯克度过。她说，只有生活在那里，并与人们交谈，她才能够表现人们的现实生活。“人们的真实生活是怎样的，在电脑上可找不到，”星期六接受采访时，她说。

Since 1994, her books have not been published in Belarus.

自1994年起，她的书在白俄罗斯被禁止出版。

Though she said she hoped that winning the Nobel Prize could mean expanded protection for her and other dissenting voices, Ms. Alexievich said she was less optimistic about whether the award could make a larger difference in political terms.

尽管她说，她希望这一次获得诺贝尔奖能够帮助她与其他异见者获得更广泛的保护，但她也说，自己对这个奖在政治层面能否产生更大影响不甚乐观。

“I’ve won a lot of international prizes, and that had no impact on our authorities, our government,” she said.

“我曾经获得过很多国际奖项，但我们的当局和政府完全没有受到影响，”她说。