日本3.11大地震一周年:重建工作仍需加紧

3月11日，日本将迎来3·11大地震一周年，日本各地将举办各种悼念活动，追悼遇难者并宣誓灾后重建决心。3·11大地震已过去一年，但灾区的重建工作进展缓慢，同时，东京大学地震研究所的研究小组日前汇总的研究结果显示，未来4年内东京所在的南关东地区发生里氏7级直下型地震的概率约为70%，新的地震阴云笼罩首都圈。

TOKYO, March 11 (Xinhua) — With debris piled up and fears of radiation unabated in the aftermath of catastrophe, Japanese government needs to expedite reconstruction. The devastating earthquake and ensuing tsunami a year ago left about 22.5 million tons of debris in three hardest-hit prefectures, Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima, but less than six percent has been processed for good.

举行全国追悼大会

日本政府计划11日下午2时30分，在东京国立剧场举行追悼大会，在大地震发生的下午2时46分，集体默哀1分钟。这也是大地震发生一年以来，日本政府首次举办追悼仪式。野田佳彦首相还通过自己的博客号召全体国民11日下午2时46分为遇难者默哀。刚刚做完心脏搭桥手术的明仁天皇与皇后也将亲自出席这一追悼大会，并致悼词。天皇与皇后将参加追悼会40分钟。日本警察厅3月9日公布的最新数据显示，一年前的特大地震和海啸共造成15854人死亡，3167人失踪。

Yoshihiro Murai, governor of Miyagi prefecture, told a press conference on Wednesday that the prefecture initially planned to have 3.5 million tons of debris taken over by other prefectures. " At present, we are only able to find recipients for 150,000 tons," he said. Asked by Xinhua about the reason, Murai said there were fears that some of these debris were contaminated with radioactivity resulted from the tsunami-stricken nuclear power plant in neighboring Fukushima prefecture. The current situation frustrated the governor whose prefecture has to handle about 18 million tons of debris in total. "We are the victims of rumors that we are not able to find other takers of the debris," Murai said. According to a Kyodo news agency poll, more than 80 percent of the municipalities in the country are unwilling to accept quake debris. Local officials in Miyagi said the radiation level of the debris is under the legal limits, but people are still nervous about the negative impact of processing debris on their health. Japanese government should convey the information about radiation to the people across the country and nation-wide cooperation is also indispensable to dispose of the debris as early as possible, observers said.

垃圾处理成难题

3·11大地震已过去一年，但与1995年的阪神大地震相比，灾区的重建工作进展缓慢。《读卖新闻》2月25日至26日进行的一项关于灾区重建情况的全国舆论调查显示，有72%的民众认为东北灾区的重建工作没有取得进展。重建工作进展缓慢的主要原因，一是受福岛第一核电站核事故的影响，民众普遍对核辐射心存恐惧，二是因为中央政府各部门缺少协调，导致各项重建政策难以落实。目前，3·11大地震和海啸造成的垃圾只处理了5%。在灾区的临时垃圾站里，建筑材料、家用电器和家具等震灾垃圾堆积如山。处理震灾垃圾是灾区重建的基础工作，但由于担心接收灾区垃圾会带来核辐射，多数地方政府不愿意接收灾区垃圾。按目前的进度，政府计划2014年3月底前完成灾区垃圾处理的目标很难达成。为了推动震灾垃圾的处理，3月5日，环境大臣细野豪志宣布对接收灾区垃圾的地方政府予以财政补贴的政策。新政策规定，中央财政不仅全额负担地方政府焚烧和填埋灾区垃圾的费用，还全额负担灾区垃圾的检测费用、垃圾处理设施和焚烧后垃圾灰的检测费用以及争取当地居民理解的宣传费用等。

In addition, the government needs to work closely with the quake-hit prefectures. A recent editorial in the Daily Yomiuri pointed out the urgency of closing the gap between government and these prefectures. The editorial said there is a delay in the implementation of budgets related to reconstruction. Among a total of 14.34 trillion yen (about 173. 9 billion U.S. dollars) earmarked in the first to fourth supplementary budgets, only 55 percent had been disbursed by January, it said.

重建经费申请繁琐

日本中央政府各省厅严重的部门主义也导致重建工作进展缓慢。比如，渔港的重建需要向水产厅申请补助、居民住宅的重建需要向国土交通省申请补助。政府各部门间缺少有效的组织协调，造成各项重建政策很难落实。虽然国会已通过了重建预算，但由于申请手续繁琐，地方政府无法短时间内拿到重建经费。曾担任过岩手县知事和总务大臣的增田宽也3月10日参加NHK电视台的讨论节目时表示：“灾后重建进展缓慢，是人祸不是天灾”。

A poll by the daily showed that 72 percent of those surveyed nationwide believed reconstruction is making little or no progress. The figure was a reminder of the daunting and urgent task confronting the Japanese government. The government has been working very hard and it does have some highlights like the speedy resumption of transportation in the quake zone. But to facilitate a thorough recovery from the massive quake and catastrophic tsunami, as well as the aftermath of a nuclear accident the world had never seen in 25 years, it takes greater courage and wisdom.

“还有地震”阴云笼罩

3·11大地震的心理阴影尚未散去，直下型地震的阴云开始笼罩首都圈。东京大学地震研究所的研究小组日前汇总的研究结果显示，未来4年内东京所在的南关东地区发生里氏7级直下型地震的概率约为70%。3·11大地震后，南关东地区的地震活动开始活跃。据日本气象厅统计，3·11大地震至本月7日，余震区内共发生了有感地震7224次。日本文部科学省项目小组本月7日发表的调查结果称，首都直下型地震之一的“东京湾北部地震”震度可能超出原先预测的6强（日本标准，最高为震度7），达到震度7。接连发布的首都直下型地震的预报对日本社会造成了较大冲击。近期有关首都直下型地震的新闻和防震减灾节目占据了日本各大电视的黄金时段，各大超市也都在显著位置设置了防震物品专柜。据日本富士电视台报道，由于地震和核辐射的影响，近期移居国外的日本人明显增加。