世行 空气污染所致早亡代价巨大

Premature deaths from air pollution are costing the global economy $5.1tn annually, or roughly twice the economic output of the UK, with more than half of that burden falling on China and other developing economies in Asia, according to a study.

根据一项研究，空气污染导致的过早死亡每年给全球经济带来5.1万亿美元的代价，大约两倍于英国经济产出，而其中逾半负担落在中国和亚洲其他发展中经济体身上。

The estimates released yesterday by the World Bank for the first time put a welfare cost on the toll from indoor and outdoor air pollution and highlight how it has soared over the past quarter of a century, as developing economies have rapidly industrialised.

世界银行(World Bank)昨日公布的估计首次对室内和室外空气污染造成的人类福祉代价进行了估算，并突显出，随着发展中经济体迅速工业化，这项代价在过去四分之一个世纪出现飙升。

They also illustrate the scale of the environmental challenge confronting those countries as they seek to address chronic air pollution.

这些估算还展示了相关国家在寻求应对长期空气污染时面对的环境挑战的艰巨性。

An estimated 5.5m lives were lost to diseases associated with air pollution in 2013, the latest year for which global data are available.

据估计，2013年（可获得全球数据的最近一年）有550万人死于与空气污染有关的疾病。

More than 90 per cent of the premature deaths occurred in developing countries, with young children especially badly affected.

90%以上的过早死亡病例发生在发展中国家，幼童受到特别严重的影响。

Exposure to air pollution increases a person’s risk of illnesses such as lung cancer, stroke, heart disease and bronchitis.

暴露于空气污染会增加一个人患病（如肺癌、中风、心脏疾病和支气管炎）的风险。

Those diseases, and deaths from them, also carry a rising economic cost according to the study, conducted by the World Bank and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation in Seattle.

由世行联手西雅图健康指标和评估研究所(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)进行的这项研究显示，这些疾病及其造成的死亡还导致越来越高的经济成本。

In 1990 there were $2.6tn in welfare losses from air pollution globally (in 2011 dollar terms, adjusted for purchasing power parity), with east Asia accounting for about a quarter.

1990年，全球空气污染造成的福祉损失达到2.6万亿美元（以2011年美元计算，经购买力平价调整），东亚占其中大约四分之一。

Since then, the rise of China has contributed to a surge in air pollution in east Asia leading to a more than quintupling of the cost for that region to $2.3tn in 2013.

自那以来，中国的经济崛起导致东亚空气污染激增，导致2013年该地区的损失增至2.3万亿美元，达到原有水平的五倍。

This extracts a sizeable economic toll.

这造成了相当大的经济代价。

In both east Asia and south Asia, the cost of deaths from air pollution was equivalent to more than 7 per cent of regional economic output in 2013.

在东亚和南亚，空气污染造成的死亡的成本在2013年相当于地区经济产出的7%以上。

Urvashi Narain, who led the World Bank team that assembled the report, said that while there had been some evidence of success globally in reducing household air pollution, the problem of outdoor air pollution was growing.

编制报告的世行团队的负责人乌尔瓦什•纳拉因(Urvashi Narain)表示，尽管有一些证据显示，全球在减少家庭空气污染方面取得了一些成功，但室外空气污染的问题越来越大。

China has declared a war on pollution.

中国已经向污染宣战。

We’ve seen action from India as well.

我们也看到印度采取了行动。

But at the same time we also see mentions of London and Paris as cities where this concern still exists, she said. It is such a widespread problem.

但与此同时我们也看到伦敦和巴黎被列入依然存在这种担忧的城市，她表示，这是一个如此普遍的问题。