社会调查显示逾半数日韩民众互无好感

The dire state of relations between east Asia’s two largest democracies has been laid bare by a new survey showing a majority of Japanese and Koreans dislike their neighbour.

一项最新调查让两个东亚民主国家之间的紧张关系一览无余，这一调查显示，大部分日本和韩国两国的民众互无好感。

According to the survey for Genron NPO, a Tokyo think-tank, 52.4 per cent of Japanese have a negative impression of Korea while 72.5 per cent of Koreans feel the same about Japan.

东京智库“言论NPO”(Genron NPO)的一份调查显示，52.4%的日本人对韩国持负面看法，而对日本持负面看法的韩国人高达72.5%。

The figures show how badly disputes over history have hurt a bilateral relationship that is vital to both economies and to US strategy in East Asia.

这一结果表明，有关历史的激烈争端对日韩双边关系的伤害是多么的严重。日韩的双边关系对这两个经济体、以及美国的东亚战略是至关重要的。

Seoul has made some moves towards diplomatic rapprochement this year with the Japanese and South Korean defence ministers meeting on Saturday for the first time in four years.

今年以来，首尔方面已采取了一些外交和解动作，日韩防长上周六举行了四年来首次会谈。

But new disputes have erupted to undermine the broader relationship, with Korea disputing Japan’s world heritage application for industrial sites such as the “Battleship Island” coal mine, saying they employed slave labour.

但新的争端再次爆发，破坏了两国总体关系。日本申请将“战舰岛”煤矿等产业革命遗址加入世界文化遗产名录，遭到了韩国的抵制。韩国方面表示，这些地方当年曾经强征劳工。

In February a $10bn currency swap between the countries was allowed to expire, widely seen as evidence that the diplomatic difficulties are damaging economic co-operation, despite protestations it is no longer needed.

今年2月，额度100亿美元的日韩货币互换计划到期后未获展期，尽管发表声明称不再需要该计划，但这仍被广泛视为外交困境冲击经贸合作的证据。

According to the survey, about three-quarters of people in both countries cite issues of historical memory around Japan’s colonial occupation of Korea, such as the “comfort women” forced into sexual servitude during the second world war, for their negative impression.

上述调查显示，日韩两国都有约四分之三的人提到，日本对韩国实行殖民侵占的历史记忆问题——比如二战中的“慰安妇”——是他们对对方产生负面看法的原因。

The next most important issue is the territorial dispute over the islands Korea calls Dokdo and Japan calls Takeshima, mentioned by about two-thirds of Koreans and a third of Japanese.

另一个重大问题是围绕独岛（Dokdo，日本称竹岛(Takeshima)）的领土主权纠纷。大约三分之二的韩国人、三分之一的日本人提到了这一点。

Almost 56 per cent of Japanese regard Korea as “nationalistic”, up from 45 per cent last year, while 57 per cent of Koreans regard Japan as “militaristic” — even though Japan is a democracy with the world’s only pacifist constitution.

约56%的日本人认为韩国“有民族主义倾向”，高于去年的45%，而57%的韩国人认为日本“有军国主义倾向”——尽管日本是世界上唯一拥有和平宪法的民主国家。

Korean unhappiness with Japan has grown conspicuously since Shinzo Abe took power in December 2012, with perceived provocations including Mr Abe’s questioning of whether Japan can be held to have “invaded” other countries.

自从2012年12月安倍晋三(Shinzo Abe)上台以来，韩日之间的不睦明显加剧，因为日方的一系列动作被视为挑衅，比如安倍对日本“侵略”他国的说法提出了质疑。