关注民生:中国单身妈妈们的困境(2)

“According to Chinese regulation if they do not marry before giving birth, registering the kid is a huge problem.”

“根据中国现行的规定，如果她们未婚生育，孩子上户口是个跟大的问题。”

Solutions are scarce, Wei said, and one includes marriage.

解决办法很少，魏说，结婚是其中一个。

“They can marry somebody and then apply for a hukou for the kid, in this way the problem can be solved.”

“她们可以找个人结婚，然后为孩子申请户口，用这种方式可以解决问题。”

Fines for unwed mothers

针对未婚妈妈的罚款

On the other hand, no solution is available to avoid the social compensation fees imposed by local government on unwed mothers for breaking the one-child policy.

另一方面，无法避免地方政府针对未婚妈妈违反一个孩子政策征收的社会抚养费。

Last month Wuhan city government sparked controversy when it announced a new regulation targeting women giving birth out of wedlock. Article 26 of the regulation on population management, currently under revision, states that ‘unwed people giving birth or unable to provide certificate of the partner’ must pay a social compensation fee in accordance with local law.

上个月，武汉市出台一项针对未婚生育的新规定时，引发了争议。该规定第26条是针对人口管理的，尚处于修订之中，声明未婚生育或无法提供配偶证明的，根据当地法律，必须缴纳社会抚养费。

Li Yun, a women’s rights lawyer based in Guangzhou, said that Wuhan’s policies put an unfair financial load on these women.

李云（音），广州的一名女权律师，认为武汉的这个政策对妇女造成了不公平的经济负担。

“The fine set is double the amount of the fine for couple who have more than one child” she said. “This is probably because the number of children born out of wedlock is increasingly high, but it’s unfair and many are against the rule.”

“这个罚款的标准是对生育超过一个孩子的夫妇的罚款的两倍，”她说，“这可能是因为非婚生育儿童的数量越来越多，但这样罚款是不公平的，很多都是违规的。”

The burden of fines often weighs only on single mothers, as partners abandon them.

当被伴侣抛弃的时候，罚款的负担通常压在单身妈妈身上。

The amount varies and in certain areas can be the equivalent of one year’s income. People like Yi Ran, who do not enjoy family support and fall outside social welfare programs aimed only at married couples, find it very difficult to pay social compensation fees.

罚款的数额不等，在特定地区相当于她们一年的收入。像易冉这些人，得不到家庭的资助，游离于仅针对已婚夫妇的社会保险之外，她们很难去支付社会抚养费。

But public opinion is reacting to Wuhan’s new law. Earlier this month local students took to the street protesting the measure.

然而，公众舆论正在对武汉的新法规做出回应。这个月早些时候，武汉学法律的学生们走上街头抗议这个措施。

Social network

社交网络

On the fringes of society, where no help is available to them, unwed mothers rely heavily on each other.

生活在社会边缘，无助的未婚妈妈们强烈地彼此依赖。

Many go on the Internet to find help and moral relief.

她们中间的许多人上网寻求帮助和精神慰藉。

More than 3, 000 users are active in an online chat dedicated to unwed mothers on Internet portal Baidu, said the forum’s moderator Yiyi.

门户网站百度上一个专注于未婚妈妈在线聊天的论坛上有三千多活跃用户，该论坛的版主Yiyi说。

Yi Ran explains that the Internet is the only place where she can express her feelings and frustrations as a single mother. Never has she sought help from strangers or social welfare.

易冉说网络是她作为单身妈妈表达情绪和挫折的唯一地方。她从未向陌生人或社会福利机构寻求过帮助。

“There are things I cannot say in real life, but the Internet is my little space of freedom” she said.

“有些事情我无法在现实生活中说，但网络是我一个自由的小空间”，她说道。

Yang, an officer at the All China Women’s Federation in Beijing’s Dongcheng District, acknowledges that unwed mothers rarely seek help at government-sponsored agencies like theirs.

杨女士，位于北京东城区的中国妇女联合会的的一位官员，承认未婚妈妈极少向类似她们那样的由政府资助的机构寻求帮助。

“We basically do not have a service for unmarried mothers because there is not this need in society and nobody asks us for this kind of help.”

“我们一般没有针对未婚妈妈的服务，因为在社会上没有这种需要，也没有人向我们寻求这种服务。”

But as long as social perception of unmarried mothers does not change, it will be difficult for these women to come out.

但是只要未婚妈妈的社会知觉不改变，针对这些女性的服务就不会出现。

Lawyer Li Yun said women who give birth out of wedlock live under high pressure. “People basically believe it’s a personal mistake, it’s their personal responsibility to be a single mother” she said. “They receive moral condemnation by society.”

李云律师说未婚生育女性生活在极大的压力之下。“人们一般认为这是个人错误，沦为单身妈妈是她们个人的责任。她们还会受到社会的道德谴责。”她说。