历史今天:1945年广岛原子弹爆炸

【英文原文】

The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were nuclear attacks near the end of World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States at the executive order of U.S. President Harry S. Truman on August 6 and August 9, 1945, respectively. After six months of intense fire-bombing of 67 other Japanese cities, followed by an ultimatum which was ignored by the Shōwa regime, the nuclear weapon "Little Boy" was dropped on the city of Hiroshima on Monday, August 6, 1945, followed on August 9 by the detonation of the "Fat Man" nuclear bomb over Nagasaki. These are to date the only attacks with nuclear weapons in the history of warfare.

The bombs killed as many as 140,000 people in Hiroshima and 80,000 in Nagasaki by the end of 1945, roughly half on the days of the bombings. Amongst these, 15–20% died from injuries or the combined effects of flash burns, trauma, and radiation burns, compounded by illness, malnutrition and radiation sickness. Since then, more have died from leukemia (231 observed) and solid cancers (334 observed) attributed to exposure to radiation released by the bombs. In both cities, the majority of the dead were civilians.

【中文译文】

1945年8月6日和9日，也就是第二次世界大战临近结束的时候，美国总统杜鲁门命令向对日本帝国的广岛和长崎发动了核攻击。在对日本67个城市长达6个月的激烈轰炸之后，美国下达最后通牒。1945年8月6日美国向广岛空投了核武器的“小男孩” ，随后于8月9日在长崎空投了原子弹“胖子”。这是迄今为止唯一一次的在战争中使用攻击核武器。

到1945年底，在广岛和长崎的爆炸导致多达14万人死亡年， 约占轰炸当天死亡人数的一半。其中， 15-20 ％受伤或死亡是由于闪光烧伤，创伤，烧伤和辐射造成的影响，再加上疾病，营养不良和放射病。从那以后，更多的人死于由于暴露在核辐射环境中造成的白血病和癌症。在这两个城市，大多数死者都是平民。