走进日本:日本校服

In Japan, most schools have uniforms for their students. The distinctive, traditional outfits were originally inspired by military designs, but since the 1980s, new styles have emerged.
日本的初中和高中几乎都有校服，有的学生甚至按照自己的制服喜好决定升学的学校，最近类似校服的便装也很流行。

Military Styles
男生穿“学生服”，女生穿“水手服”
A boy's uniform with stand-up collar.
一个穿学生服（立领）的男生

Traditional Japanese school uniforms show the influence of old European military uniforms. In this style, boys typically wear black or navy blue pants and jackets with stand-up collars. The first institute to introduce this kind of uniform was the Imperial University (now the University of Tokyo) in 1886. They are now worn principally by boys at junior high and high schools.
在日本，说到校服一般是指学生服和水手服。学生服是男生的校服，立领上衣加西装长裤，颜色为黑色或藏青色。据说这个款式源自于1886年帝国大学（现东京大学）制定的校服式样，现在主要由初中和高中采用。
The distinctive sailor outfits for junior high and high school girls, with their large naval-style collars, are said to have first been used at St. Agnes' University (Heian Jogakuin) in Kyoto in 1920. The uniform features in the popular manga and anime Sailor Moon, in which it is worn by the magical schoolgirl heroines. At some schools, students wear different ribbons in different grades, switching from red to blue to white, for example, as they move up each year.
水手服是女生穿的校服，其特点是带有一个很大且形状独特的“水手领”。日本的人气漫画《美少女战士》，描绘的就是身穿水手服的美少女战士们的故事。据说1920年，京都的平安女学院首次采用了水手服作为校服，现在主要是初中和高中采用这个款式。有些学校还规定不同学年系不同颜色的领巾（或领结），例如一年级是红色，二年级是蓝色，三年级是白色等。
A New Kind of Uniform
看校服选学校的倾向
A girl's blazer-style uniform.
穿西便装款式的校服的女孩

In the 1980s, a new style of uniform emerged, based around a blazer with gold buttons and an emblem on the chest, similar to that worn by some countries' Olympic athletes at opening and closing ceremonies.
上世纪80年代开始出现了不同于以往学生服和水手服的新款式校服，比较典型的是西便装款式的校服，上衣绣有校徽并配以金色的钮扣，常使人联想起奥运会运动员入场仪式上穿的制服。
Compared with the traditional style, these new uniforms have a more similar look for boys and girls. They might consist of the same gray or navy blue blazer matched with checked pants for boys and checked skirts for girls. The blazer style has become increasingly popular in recent years, perhaps because it appears smarter than the longer-standing uniforms.
西便装款式的男女生校服大多数风格近似，无论男女，上装一律是灰色或藏青色的西便服，下装往往是男生配格子裤，女生配格子裙。相比学生服和水手服，大概是因为西便装校服显得更潇洒漂亮，近年来越来越多的学校采用了这种款式。
Uniform designs show significant differences between their summer and winter versions. Some schools even get famous designers in to create their uniforms, as alongside academic reputation and atmosphere, a stylish outfit can be a factor for students in selecting where to study. For some fashion-conscious tweens and teens, wearing a uniform that looks good is very important.
另外，有的学校的校服，夏季和冬季的款式大不相同，有些学校还委托著名设计师来设计校服。这是因为，不少学生不仅仅根据教学质量和校风来选择学校，校服是否可爱漂亮也会左右她们的决定。对处于多愁善感时期的10来岁学生来说，每天穿着的校服是否可爱是不可忽视的一大要素。
Sweater vests are a part of some recent uniforms.
毛衣背心是最近流行的部分校服样式。

Changing Fashions
随时代而变化，校服的另类穿搭
High school girls wearing loose socks in Shibuya, Tokyo, in 2003.
2003年前后的涩谷，穿着泡泡袜的女高中生

There have always been young people who have sought to add a little originality by bending the uniform rules.
无论哪个时代，总有年轻人喜欢挑战既有的标准，通过施加些许变化，追求与众不同的独创性。
In the 1990s, the fashion for high school girls was very long and baggy “loose socks,” often paired with an extremely short skirt. Loose clothes were also popular with boys, who imitated American rappers in wearing oversized shirts and pants.
到了90年代，女高中生中间开始流行一种超短裙配泡泡袜的穿法，而男生则流行穿大号衬衫加一条肥大长裤，有点像模仿美国的说唱歌手的风格，松垮式衣着风靡一时。
The recent vogue for pastel colors and slim-fit designs has brought a more simple and traditional look for girls, with the aim of achieving a slender profile. Black knee high socks are also a current trend.
最近中间色彩和贴身合体风格较受欢迎，典雅而清秀的氛围受到人们的喜爱。大概是由于人们心底都蕴藏了一种“穿出好身材”的愿望，似有喜好苗条的倾向。黑色长统袜也很受欢迎。
Uniforms on sale.
校服柜台

And more and more junior high and high schools are starting not to require uniforms at all. In these cases, it is common for students to wear smart clothing that looks like a uniform, but allows for individual expression. There are specialist shops for stylish school outfits that are popular with high school girls―and even some foreign tourists.
另外，近来不采用校服的中学在增多，穿着看似校服的便装去上学成为一种新的流行趋势，一些时尚制服专卖店和邮购服务，在女高中生及外国游客中间很受欢迎。