感受西班牙奔牛节——要狂欢不要命的节日

The fiestas of San Fermin are celebrated in Irunea/Pamplona, in the region of Navarra, every year from the 6th to the 14th of July. They have become internationally known because of the Running of the bulls, where the bulls are lead through the streets of the old quarter as far as the bull ring by runners.
西班牙潘普洛纳奔牛节是西班牙的传统节日，在西班牙的纳瓦拉，每年的7月6日到七月14日，成千上万的游客从世界各地涌向这里，观看奔牛比赛。

The fiestas are celebrated in honor of San Fermin, patron saint of Navarra, although the religious aspect would seem to have taken on a secondary role over the last number of years. Nowadays, the fiestas are seen as a mass gathering of people from all the corners of the world and where the partying, the fun and the joy of it all are the most outstanding ingredients.
西班牙奔牛节的起源是为了祭奠守护守护神纳瓦拉的神。如今看来，这个节日的宗教目的渐渐不那么重要，来自世界各地的人们在这个时间聚集到西班牙，尽情狂欢，享受这节日的精彩和刺激。

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The Encierro ... The Running of the Bulls
奔牛
The Encierro is the event at the heart of the Sanfermines and makes the fiesta a spectacle that would be unimaginable in any other place in the world. It was born from need: getting the bulls from outside the city into the bullring. The encierro takes place from July 7th to 14th and starts at the corral in Calle Santo Domingo when the clock on the church of San Cernin strikes eight o"clock in the morning. After the launching of two rockets, the bulls charge behind the runners for 825 metres, the distance between the corral and the bullring. The run usually lasts between three and four minutes although it has sometimes taken over ten minutes, especially if one of the bulls has been isolated from his companions.
奔牛大赛是奔牛节最精彩的节目，生在别的国家，是很难想象奔牛大赛的疯狂场面的。奔牛的目的最初是人们为了将牛快速地感到牛场上，为斗牛做准备，而这个过程也逐渐演变成为西班牙的传统活动中最重要的一项。奔牛大赛从7月7号开始，一直要延续到7月14号。公牛们先被赶到圣多明戈街头，当8早上八点教堂的钟声响起时，就意味着奔牛大赛的时间到了，随着两声炮响，人们就被疯狂的公牛们追赶着疯跑起来，勇敢的奔牛者们要从街道跑到斗牛场才算结束，整个奔牛街道跑长达825米，这个过程一般会持续3到4分钟，但有时候，有牛儿跑得不顺，这个过程就可能会延长到10分钟左右。

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Chants to San Fermin
奔牛颂歌

The bull run has a particularly emotional prelude. It is when the runners, just a few metres up the slope from the corral where the bulls are waiting, raise their rolled newspapers and chant to an image of San Fermin placed in a small recess in the wall in the Cuesta de Santo Domingo. Against the strongest of silences, the following words can be heard: "A San Fermin pedimos, por ser nuestro patron, nos guie en el encierro dandonos su bendicion." (We ask San Fermin, being our patron saint, to guide us in the bull run and give us his blessing). When they finish they shout "Viva San Fermin!, Gora San Fermin." This chant is sung three times before 8am first, then when there are five minutes to go before 8am, then three minutes and one minute before the gate of the corral is opened.
在奔牛比赛开始之前，有一些列的准备活动。在奔牛者们站在离牛栏就几米的街口，挥舞着手中卷成筒状的报纸，对着镶嵌在墙里的守护守护神纳瓦拉唱颂歌，片刻沉默以后，可以听到响亮的唱词“我们向纳瓦拉祈祷，请为我们守护，请为我们的奔牛节指路，并为我们祝福。”完了以后大喊“Viva San Fermin!, Gora San Fermin.”这个颂歌在8点以前会唱三遍，然后开始倒计时，直到打开牛栏。

Rockets in the bullring
斗牛场火炮
The third rocket, fired from the bullring, signals that all the bulls have entered the bullring. A fourth and final rocket indicates that all the bulls are safely in the corral located inside the bullring, and that the bull run has ended.
当第三枚火炮在斗牛场放响，表示所有的牛已经进入到斗牛场，第四没和第五枚火炮放响时就表明公牛已经安全被敢到斗牛场的牛栏内。

A fence of 3,000 parts
安保
For security reasons, a double fence marks out the route of the bull run through the streets. It is made of over 3,000 wooden parts (planks, posts, gates, etc.). Part of the fence stays put throughout the fiesta but other sections are assembled and disassembled every day by a special brigade of workers.
为了安全起见，奔牛要经过的街道都是由双层栅栏保护起来的，这些栅栏由3000多块木头拼凑而成，部分栅栏会在整个奔牛街结束后被拆掉，其他的栅栏在节庆时间会有工人负责灵活安装或拆卸。

The role of the pastores

赶牛人
A large number of pastores (bull "shepherds") cover the entire bull run. They place themselves behind the bulls, with their only protection being a long stick. Their main role is to stop the odd idiot from inciting the bulls from behind, to avoid the bulls turning round and running backwards, and to help any bulls that have stopped or have been separated from their companions to continue running towards the bullring.
赶牛人在整个奔牛活动中发挥了重要作用，他们站在牛身后，手中仅拿着条长棍子保护自己，他们的作用是防止那些没有经验的奔牛者跑到牛身后，迫使牛反向奔跑。他们还会驱赶那些停止奔跑或是跑落伍的公牛向最终目标——斗牛场前进。

The dobladores
终点员
Other key people in the bull run are the dobladores, people with good bullfighting knowledge (sometimes ex-bullfighters) who take up position in the bullring with capes to help the runners "fan out" (in other words, run to the sides after they enter the bullring) and "drag" the bulls towards the corral as quickly as possible.
在整个活动中，终点员的作用不可小觑，他们很多都是经验丰富的斗牛士（一些是退休斗牛士），他们在斗牛场里选好自己的位置，帮助奔牛者们从愤怒的公牛前面解放出来，并迅速将这些公牛引如斗牛场内的牛栏里。

The two groups of mansos (bullocks)
两组公牛
The six fighting bulls that will take part in the evening bullfight start the run accompanied by an initial group of mansos, which act as "guides" to help the bulls cover the route. Two minutes after leaving the corral in Santo Domingo, a second group of bullocks (the so-called "sweep-up" group), which are slower and smaller than the first one, are let out to lead any bulls that might have stopped or been left behind in the bull run towards the bullring.
将六头旁晚会成为斗牛的公牛混合到其他牛群里面，作为先头军，被首先释放出牛栏，2分钟以后，牛栏再次打开，放出第二组公牛，这组公牛比前一组个头小，跑的慢，他们被曾为‘扫后’。他们的作用是引导前头部队中的掉队牛奔跑想最终目标。