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关于板块构造及海床扩展Plate Tectonics and Sea floor Spreadin

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关于板块构造及海床扩展Plate Tectonics and Sea-floor Spreadin

板块构造理论描述岩石圈是相对坚硬的地球,包括全部地壳和地幔底层部分外层的议案。岩石圈(注:[地]岩石圈)是成各种尺寸和形状,一般而言这些板块都处于相对的另一项议案是几十个板块分歧。洋中脊是板块之间的边界,在那里新的岩石圈的物质从下面注入。当板块从大洋中脊,他们就在岩石圈基部较易变形的地层滑动。

由于地球的大小本质上是不变,可以创建新的岩石圈在大洋中脊仅当同等数量的岩石圈物质消耗别处。这个网站是另一种破坏一种板块边界:一个俯冲带。在这里,一边在另一板块俯冲,并reinc​​orporated进入地幔。板块边界两者都与地层系统,地震和火山活动,但该种地质活动在两种边界处观察到有很大的不同。

海楼的想法扩展说实际上早于板块构造理论。在其原来的版本,在1960年初的,它描述了海底的生成和毁灭,但没有详细介绍坚硬的岩石圈板块。该假设是成立不久之后,该由地球磁场周期性的逆转被记录在海洋地壳中发现的。由于根据大洋中脊岩浆上升,在岩浆磁性矿物成为了岩浆磁化方向磁化成为在地磁场的方向。当岩浆冷却并凝固的方向和该领域的磁极被保留在磁化火山岩。磁场的逆转导致一个运行平行于纵坐标轴磁性条纹系列。这样海洋壳就充当了地磁场的历史可追溯到独立磁带录音,对条纹宽度表明了海底扩张的最低比率。 

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