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年11月CATTI:二级三级口译实务试题点评

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三级口译实务试题点评:

年11月CATTI:二级三级口译实务试题点评

对话翻译:总体上比较简单。只要了解情况,基本上不会产生太大的偏差,需要注意的是表达,特别是汉译英的表达要尽量地道。下面仅就其中一部分较难表达法加以解释。

Take to the street 上街游行。

Burn with dissatisfaction 内心极度不满。

广泛的怨气 great grievance or hatred

job scarce 工作很难找

pension right diminishing 养老金减少

inflation eat away their savings 通胀正在蚕食储蓄(储蓄因通胀而减少)

这些怨气会产生什么政治影响: What is the political consequence of these public anger?

If there is no coherent agenda 如果缺乏统一的目标(计划)

所以政治家应该勇于担当,迅速采取行动: The politicians must be courageous with their responsibility and take prompt actions.

政治家还应该讲真话,尤其讲明问题出在哪儿: Politicians also have to be honest. Particularly, they should tell the public honestly what the root of the problem is.

The assault on the whole of globalization is unwarranted. 对于全球化的全面攻击是站不住脚 的。

(这里,assault 这个字很难听出来,应该说这与朗读者的自然连读关系比较大。)

如果设置更多障碍阻止商品,思想,资本和人员跨境流动,将会筑成大错。 It will be a great mistake to stop the cross-border flow of merchandizes, thoughts, capital and people with more barriers.

By any measure, the benefit enormously outweighs its cost 但不管怎么说,都是利远远大于弊的。

英译汉第一段:本段落选自奥巴马在09年前后对于美国高铁计划的讲话。句式短促有力,语言务实,贴切,生动,富于信息量,翻译的时候注意做到准确和得体。

Para 1

Our highways are clogged with traffic. Our airports are choked with increased loads. We're at the mercy of fluctuating gas prices all too often; we pump too many greenhouse gases into the air.


这一段落突出体现了奥巴马式的简单而雅致的风格,用词很小,但非常贴切富于变化。对于划线词不要过分追求形神兼备,译出即可。
重点词:clog: 拥堵 choke:挤满了人 at the mercy of: 受制于 pump:排放

para 3

The project is not some fanciful, pie-in-the-sky vision of the future. It is now. It is happening right now. It's been happening for decades. The problem is it's been happening elsewhere, not here. “这个项目正在进行中,已经开始了几十年了,问题在于,这个项目出现在别处,而不是美国。”

看似简单的段落要译得清楚。happen一词不能译得很僵化,可以有所变化。

para 4

In France, high-speed rail has pulled regions from isolation, ignited growth, remade quiet towns into thriving tourist destinations. “这个项目正在进行中,已经开始了几十年了,问题在于,这个项目出现在别处,而不是美国。”

句子中的划线词要灵活掌握

para 5

China, where such a service began just two years ago, may have more miles of high-speed rail service than any other country five years from now. 在中国,高铁项目开展了仅仅两年,但有在未来五年间,中国的高速铁路长度比任何国家的都要长。

para 8

We'll create highly-skilled construction and operating jobs and generate demand for technology that gives a new generation of innovators andentrepreneurs the opportunity to step up and lead the way in the 21st century. “我们要创造高技术的建造和操作的就业岗位,并且对于技术产生需要,这种技术给了新一代的创造者和企业家以机会,踏上通向21世纪的道路并且成为领导者。”

这一段落会在听力以及表达上对考生构成挑战,特别是两处划线部分都会令初级考生较为费解。

para 9

That's the vision we can't afford to lose sight of. That's the challenge that's fallen to this generation. And with this strategy for America's transportation future, and our efforts across all fronts to lay a new foundation for our lasting prosperity. 这既是我们不能忽视的战略眼光,也是我们这一代肩负的挑战。这一战略代表了美国交通运输的未来,运用这一战略,我们各个部门要共同努力为我们永远的繁荣奠定新的基础。

在这一段落中,考生需要调整好自己说话的节奏和条理性,否则就会出现比较生硬,难以理解的译文。

汉译英:这一段落由一系列当前中国的时事以及中国政府政策拼凑而成,信息比较松散,没有太多的专业名词。

para 1 难词:扶摇直上—sky-rocket, soar

para 2

另一位受调查者说,2004年,100元够他过半个月,而现在只够4天。 Another person interviewed observed that he can live half a month on 100 yuan in 2004. But now 100 yuan could last only 4 days.

自2004年以来,通胀率已经远远超过他的工资上涨的速度。 Since 2004, his salary raise could hardly catch up with the inflation.

para 3

中国约有一半人口生活在农村,其中许多人从事农业生产。他们耕种小块土地,或在院子里养几头猪、几只鸡。 Half of Chinese people live in the rural area and most of them take up agriculture as their livings, working on small patches of land and raising a few pigs and chickens in their court yards.

数百万类似小农户构成了中国农业分散的格局,这意味着中国的食品供应不稳定。 Millions of small farmers households make up the disperse structure of Chinese culture, which predicts the instability of Chinese food supply.

小农相比大型产业化经营的农场对市场价格的变化更为敏感,小农更容易受农畜疾病或天气变化所摧毁。 Compared with the large industrialized farms, the small farm are more sensitive to the market price changes and more vulnerable to farm animal diseases and weathers changes.

para 4

温家宝总理在大连访问低收入家庭和市场时对飞涨的物价表示关注。 On his visit to the market and low-income households in Dalian, Premier Wen Jiabao expressed his concern about the price surge.

他承诺政府将大力扶持养猪业,稳定猪肉价格,确保食品供应。 He promised that the government would stabilize the pork price through sponsoring the pig farming and guarantee the food supply.

二级口译实务试题点评:

英译汉第一段:
材料选自斯坦佛大学2007年一次全球化教育研讨会上的主题讲话,是一种比较标准的美国式学者讲话,信息丰富,句式灵活,思辩性比较强,抽象概念较多,并列,排比,倒装等手段均有使用。

Para 1:

属于比较标准的“致感谢”结构,注意有关感谢的各种说法,例如“express my gratitude”, “appreciate/thank sb for something”,”my thanks also go to”, “I also owe my thanks to ” 这样的内容几乎出现于中英文所有的演讲当中,要非常熟悉。

第二个分句中的international dimension,注意在英语日常用语中有大量从科学界,例如物理学界,化学界借用的词汇来表达抽象意义,例如”scale”, “monad”, “sound byte” “particle”, “chemistry”等等,这里的dimension是物理学词汇“维度”,在上下文中可以译为方面。这种词汇常常出现在正式的讲话,例如联合国讲话或者学术讲话中,需要有意识地积累。

para 2:

第一句话可以说是全篇文章当中最难的一句,难点在于同时综合了口译中的几个考点.一是用分词作主语,后接分词宾语,加大了理解难度,二是几个分词的罗列,而且在第二个分词当中仍然存在名词的罗列,在记录上造成了困难。三是存在一个rather…than的比较结构,而且离得比较远,进一步增大了理解难度。而且,由于这句话出现在考试的开始阶段, 学生往往还没有充分准备好。如果考生听力较好而且笔记训练充分,可以利用笔记结构提示自己的理解。

1 Instilling a global perspective in our students; 2 exposing them to the histories, languages, religious traditions, and cultures of countries other than their own; and 3 building academic bridges between schools and colleges and their respective faculties around the world is today a scholarly imperative, rather than a luxury that educational institutions can dispense with at no cost to themselves or others.

记录时要分清主次,上文中的划实线部分为需要同时用大脑和笔记记住的部分。在记录三个分词的同时,要积极地在大脑中将这三个词转化成中文。值得注意的是,前两个分词都存在一定转化的难度。“instill”直译为“灌输”转为“教会””expose”直译 为“暴露”转译为“让他们接触”。这种瞬间转化的能力要在日常生活中养成。划曲线的部分可以用笔记加以加强,日常训练时要加强自己记录这些常见领域的符号练习,比如“政经文”,“文教卫”“文史哲”这类常常同时出现的领域,都应该有自己完整的符号体系。没有划线的部分可以用大脑的剩余部分记忆理解要点,然后在翻译过程中进行释意。
最重要的是不要因为不能完全翻译或者没有充分理解而影响情绪,否则得不偿失,要记住无论任何一段有多难,在考试中也仅仅意味着几分而已,后面还有机会。

难词:imperative: 必要内容 luxury: 奢侈品,转义为昂贵的项目 dispense with:可以取消的,转义为可有可无的

para 3

短落较短较简单,注意一个很俏皮的词汇 domestic lens: 国内的眼镜,转义为“本国的视角”

其他词汇:alter: 改变 startle: 令人震惊 Albert Einstein: 阿尔伯特爱因斯坦(文化常识)

para 4:

难点同para 2,只不过分词出现于宾语位置,理解起来较为容易。

Whether we are 1 preparing students for careers in business that require unprecedented mobility and adaptability, 2 developing solutions to global environmental challenges, 3 preparing scientists and engineers who will collaborate globally, or 4 training the leaders who will influence the course of international affairs, schools and colleges must open their campuses to the world, 5 creating learning and teaching opportunities that will result in a respect for differences, as well as a recognition of commonalities.

这个句子结构比较复杂,关键在于听懂关系。很多考生会在听到主句时忘记前边的whether,或者把主句也理解为whether 从中当中的一部分,导致理解错误。在记录时,可以用一个大括号把四个分词竖列在一起,这样就不会混乱了。分词5的逻辑主语应当是school and colleges。此外,两个划曲线句为定语从句,如果记录得当,这些部分能够各归各位,难度其实并不太大。

para 5

这个段落当中有一个典型的英语逻辑游戏。很多讲话中都包含对于概念分析和厘定,需要考生能够听懂当中的关键,小心地进行分折和处理。
whether they consider themselves American universities with global perspectives, or global universities that happen to be based in the U.S.
这个句子的关键在于区分“美国大学”和“全球性大学”这两个概念,一旦把握住了,后面的内容都是附加成份。“具有全球化观念的美国大学”还是“碰巧设立在美国的全球性大学”

另一句话当中也包含了一个类似的转折式逻辑判断。

While we do not explicitly require that students take one or more courses whose content would expose them to the world outside the U.S., it would be the truly perverse student who could navigate our stringent academic requirements without doing so. “虽然我们不要求学生必须选择一门或者几门涉及到美国之外内容的课程,但是要想通过我们严格的学术要求,只有最为另类的学生才不会选择这类课程。”

看似不起眼的without doing so实际上是翻好这句话的关键。指的是前面整个的while从句,

难词:metri 直译为“公制尺度”转译为“标准” Ivy League: 常青藤学校(美加八所历史最悠久的大学,简称藤校。)

para 7

段落较为简单,注意一个连接的关系:each year we welcome international exchange students to Princeton in return for the ones we send abroad.这类词组在英语当中有意义,翻译时可以弱化为“同时”

难词:judicious: 明智的,英明的 craft menu: 设计课程 immerse: 沉浸于

英译汉第二段:本段选自今年五月份中国网上发表的一篇经济类文章,值得注意的是,近几年来,国内的英文评论,包括中国日报,北京评论和中国网等媒体的评论,特别是政治,经济,财经等方面的专业性评论,占据了人事部英译汉的半壁江山,这种命题方式也体现了翻译考试立足中国,注重时效和实用性的特点,在考生准备时不妨根据这种特点,有针对性地加以阅读并有意识地进行翻译练习。本篇是典型的金融财经性评论,内容不深但对于很多英语专业出身的人来说,有很多相对不熟悉的词汇与表达法。同时,朗读者较为典型的,有起伏的英音也成为了很多考生为之却步的障碍。

Para 1

较简单。注意几个表达法in light of 在……情况下 fewer bubbles 减少泡沫经济

Para 2

这段本身难度不大,新词不多,但由于大量“半熟脸”的经济词汇同时出现会对大脑产生一种轰击的效果。同时,这种经济类文章具有特有的抽象性,使得考生会在一瞬间产生头脑空白,听到的信息往往支离破碎。在翻译时要充分调动自己的分析能力对于句子进行积极介入。

we need a more aggressive lowering of the reserve requirement ratio for banks than has happened so far. This would provide enough liquidity and credit for private enterprises while keeping interest rates in the unofficial markets at lower levels that are less punishing for smaller players in the real economy.

经济类文章说到底就是一个立场和态度的问题,在听这段的时候,划线处就是表达作者态度的地方,也是我们花力气抓住的地方。从这个段落中我们可以听到一系列的“降低”,“低水平”“影响较小”,从而把其它专门信息组合在一起。

难词:reserve requirement ratio准备金率;liquidity 流动性;real economy 实体经济;less punishing 影响较小

para 3 与第二段相似,注意一些态度词

Second, when lowering the reserve requirement ratio, the central bank should also consider raising deposit rates aggressively over a period of time, so that they align more closely with the estimated medium and long-term inflation rate. In China's particular context, raising interest rates in the formal banking system is not intended to slow economic growth. Rather, it takes aim at entrenched inflation stemming from deeper structural problems and imbalances in China's economy.

如果捕捉到了以上词汇,同时参考了上文的态度(降低准备金率,就是促进经济流动性)就很容易推知这个段落中政策的逻辑性(加息)

难词:deposit rate 储蓄率;entrenched inflation 根深蒂固的通胀;stem from 源于

para 4

难词:

temporary and ad hoc administrative restrictions 临时出台的行政限制

higher interest rates, higher down payments and transaction taxes 高利率,高首付和消费税

fragment the market 分割市场

para 5

Fourth, to deal with a high-interest-rate environment in the future, China needs a new macro management tool: fiscal subsidies on interest payments for specific public projects and disadvantaged groups. In the current low-interest-rate environment, all investment projects that receive credit from the formal credit market are heavily subsidized through low deposit interest rates. This is regardless of whether their real return on capital is high or not. In effect, it is to the detriment of savers.

本段主要是关于对公共项目以及弱势群体补贴的问题。中间的划线部分是难点,主要在于关系比较复杂。“在目前的低利率情况下,所有从正规信贷市场获得信贷的投资项目都从低储蓄利率当中获得高补贴,”这句话看似复杂,其实就是因为储蓄利息低,项目投资人能够获得高的补贴。如果能够把这句话的意思听明白了,翻译起来就容易了

难词:to the detriment of 伤害

Para 6

有关制定规则,控制国际热钱涌入,比较容易,略过

Para 7
为上一段的说明:China can thus ensure the return inside its domestic financial markets is higher and compatible across bank deposits, stocks, bonds, and direct investment. 这里的compatible可能会构成干扰,其实就是各种储蓄,股票,证券和直接投资的收益比较合理。

汉译英

第一段:选自一个Rob Wheeler在一个国际生态会议上的英文讲话,值得注意的是,这次两段汉译英都是 “echo interpretation”也就是原文为英文,命题者译成汉语后再要求考翻译回英语,从这一点上可以看到CATTI的汉译英考试变得更注重原文的地道性和准确性以及国际化的内容,这与中国进一步融入世界是分不开的。

Para 1

“16亿人缺少电力供应,十亿多人缺乏清洁饮用水。24亿人缺乏基本卫生条件。” 1.6 billion people lack access to electricity; more than a billion to clean water; 2.4 billion to basic sanitation

考数字翻译,特别是大数翻译以及词汇的精确性,是口译的基本测试标准。

Para 2

全球生态村网络是一个正在发展的社区网络,有数以千计的村庄加入其中,已发展成为适宜人居的,可持续的村落。每个生态村的人口从二三十人到数百人不等。他们在全球范围内定期举行会议,还出版各种指南和通讯。 Network is a growing network of thousands of sustainable communities and initiatives typically range in size from twenty or thirty people to several hundreds living together in a community. Conferences are held around the globe on a regular basis. People publish directories and newsletters.

这个段落主要考的是句子结构与词汇。特别是对于二级考生来说,良好的对于句子的节奏感,长短句变化的自主控制和对于词汇的选择是最重要的能力。好的句子往往可以做到不过分贴近原文而意思不变。

para 3

世界上每个大洲和大多数国家都有生态村。而中国是从示范村开始发展生态村网络的。

浙江省滕头村的以生态友好闻名全国。村里的三分之一的道路是用风能或者太阳能电灯,所有住家均安装了太阳能热水器,每年节能五万千瓦时。两座生态厕所依靠雨水存储技术每年节水9500吨。空气监测站配备了电子屏。显示当地气温,湿度,空气质量等数据。 Tengtou village is known in China as an eco-friendly village. Wind and solar powered street lamps have been installed along one third of its roads; all the residential communities are equipped with solar water heating systems saving more than 50,000 KWH of electricity per year. Two eco-friendly toilets have been built where captured rainwater is stored, saving about 9,500 tons of water every year. The local air quality monitoring station features an electronic board on which the local temperature, humidity and air quality are shown.

这一段考的是词汇和句式的变化,从词汇角度说,很多日常生活中的东西我们要有意识地去掌握其精确的英语表达。比如“太阳能热水器”“电子屏”等等,否则,盲目的编造必然会产生错误。 从句式角度,没有经验的译者会把所有修饰部分都放在名词前边,使得句子沉重而不符合英文表达习惯。而且,没有经验的译者会过分贴近字面“雨水存储技术”之类的内容其实往往是可以简化的。

汉译英

第二段:出处不明,很可能是一个现场的讲话,这种题目往往真实地反映口译者日常工作的特点。难度不大,但词汇,特别是专业词汇较多。

Para 1

我在美国三十年,只做一件事情,就是给我们的地震学家和气象学家设计最快的超级电脑。使他们能够用最快速的计算手段进行复杂的计算和做各种研究。

难词:

地震学家和气象学家 seismologist and meteorologist

In the past three decade, the only thing I did in America was making fastest supercomputer for our seismologists and meteorologists so that they can engage in complicated computing and researches with the quickest means.


在口译中,句型的变化和弹性非常关键,这个句子中的so that 可以起到换一口气的作用,同时也给了句子新的人称做主语。

简单的说,云计算是一种基于因特网的超级计算模式。是指有感知,有互联,有协作,随时随地感知任何事物。 A simple explanation for cloud computing is that it is a super computing model based on the Internet. Cloud computing is a model that can perceive, interconnect, cooperate and feel anything at any time and place.


这句话的关键在于把句子的成份补齐,在口译中阅卷过程中,常常听到很多考生不能把话说全,或者句子之间的语法关键混乱或者说是令人产生疑问。这往往是由于受到中文句子不全的影响。

para 3

比如,科学家可以将云计算用于地震,水灾,旱灾,沙尘暴等自然灾害的预警上。预警做得越准确,时间越早越好。除了自然灾害以外,我们还可能把云计算用于人为灾害的预警上,包括环境污染,金融风暴,资源短缺甚至政变,战争等等。


这个段落主要考的还是词汇和句法。

For example, scientist can use cloud computing to predict natural disasters, including earthquakes, floods, drought and sandstorms. It will be much better to have earlier and more accurate warnings. In addition, we can also apply the technique to disasters resulting from human activities, such as environmental hazard, financial crisis, resource shortages, even coups and wars.

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云计算还可以带来教育互动,将教育普及到世界每个角落,使资源得到有效利用。云计算还可能进入智慧家庭,甚至影响我们下一代的社会价值观。用云计算带动他们从小开始做公益,帮助他人。我希望在云计算的新社会里,新的智慧家庭会有新的突破。 Cloud computing also brings forth interactions in education. It can disseminate education everywhere in the world and use the resource more effectively. Cloud computing can also make its way in our smart home and shape the outlooks of our next generation. Cloud computing teaches the young to act for public good and help others. It is my wish to see new breakthroughs in the new smart homes of communities supported by cloud computing.