高中英语阅读理解推理判断类专题练习
阅读理解是高考英语中重要的题型，阅读理解的考查的内容是不一样的，下面本站的小编将为大家带来关于推理判断类阅读题的专题练习介绍，希望能够帮助到大家。
A
[2015·黑龙江大庆质检二]We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world. They don't move, they don't make sounds and they don't seem to respond to anything-at least not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.
Over the years, scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds (化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose-to spread information about one plant's disease or infestation so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.
In this week's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offered some explanations. They had identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.
The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest, the cutworm. The researchers studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called HexVic. When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of HexVic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the cutwormkilling HexVic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapons to fight off bugs and disease. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.
It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. Further studies are needed to increase agricultural efficiency.
人们倾向于认为植物是大自然的装饰品。它们不能移动，不能发出声响，看起来不对任何事情作出反应。但是情况常常并非如此，植物一直都在说话。
do plants warn their neighbors?
make use of winds.
release some chemicals.
identify the chemicals.
are exposed early.
答案：B 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds (化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants”可知，不同种类的植物通过释放一些化合物进而帮助附近的植物，即B项正确。
's the function of HexVic?
damages the cutworm's body.
shows up more.
cures the disease.
sprays over healthy plants.
答案：A考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%”和“Those plants were then able to start producing the cutwormkilling HexVic”可知，A项正确。
can be inferred from the text that________.
e are not chemical signals
phenomenon may be happening in less plant species than tomatoes
ers may benefit from the further studies
ts are warned first by their neighbors
答案：C 考查推理判断。由文章的最后一句可推知，通过进一步的科学研究可以提高农业效率，农民会从中受益，即C项正确。
passage is likely to appear in________.
A.a newspaper advertisement
B.a physics textbook
C.a science magazine
D.a finance report
答案：C'考查推理判断。根据文章内容可推知，本文应该是一篇科研报告性质的文章，即C项正确。
iture n. 家具;设备 anation n. 解释
se vt. 揭露;使曝光 y n./v. 喷射;喷雾器
irm vt.确认;证实
to 倾向于，易于……
ond to 对……作出回应
up 出现;露面
原文：But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.(主语从句)
译文：但植物如何接收并按照这些信号行事仍旧是个迷。
仿写：What_made_him_most_excited was, I think, that he had passed all the exams.
我认为使他最兴奋的是，他已经通过了所有的考试。
B
[2015·山东日照校际联测]Whether it is Mozart or Miley, your choice of music could determine whether you will perform well at your work.
A new study suggests that listening to music in the office improves the speed and accuracy of tasks such as data entry, proofreading and problemsolving.
In an officebased experiment, 88 percent of participants were found to produce their most accurate work when listening to music.
The study also found that 81 percent completed their fastest work when music was played.
And it matters what type of music you listen to. For instance, if you're doing your tax returns, then classical music is the most effective as it improves maths skills.
Listening to Jessie J or Justin Bieber could also improve your speed, with 58 percent of participants completing data entry tasks faster while listening to pop songs.
During proofreading, dance music, such as David Guetta's, had the biggest positive impact on participants increasing their speed by 20 percent compared to tests undertaken with no music at all.
Dance music also had a positive effect on spellchecking with a 75 percent pass rate compared to 68 percent when no music was played at all.
The research, undertaken by Brightonbased Mindlab International, suggests that silent offices may be the least productive.
“The music experiment showed that when listening to music, nine out of ten people performed better，” said Dr. David Lewis, chairman of Mindlab International.
“Proper music enables people to quickly process and keep information, regulate their behavior, make good choices, solve problems, plan and adjust to changing mental demands，” a senior investigator of Mindlab International explained.
“While many schools are cutting music programs and spending more and more time on test preparations, our findings suggest that musical training courses may actually help to set up children for a better academic future，” added Dr. David Lewis.
研究表明，合适的音乐对工作效率的提高有着积极的作用。
does the passage mainly talk about?
positive relationship between music and work efficiency.
speed and accuracy of problemsolving tasks.
comparison of different kinds of music.
experiment on productivity of office staff.
答案：A 考查主旨大意。根据第一段和第二段可知，合适的音乐有利于提高工作的效率，在办公室听音乐可以提高数据输入、校对及问题解决的速度及准确性，即音乐和工作效率之间的积极联系，故选A项。
rding to the passage, we can conclude that ________.
erent kinds of music lead to the same effect
nt offices can make people perform better
ening to proper music can improve efficiency in offices
tests prepare children for a better academic future
答案：C考查推理判断。根据第三、四段和第五段的第一句“And it matters what type of music you listen to”可推知，工作效率的提高取决于听哪种类型的音乐，即合适的音乐有利于提高工作效率，故选C项。
is the author's attitude towards school music programs?
ectful. tful.
rant. ortive.
答案：D考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的“our findings suggest that musical training courses may actually help to set up children for a better academic future”可知，作者认为音乐培训课可以帮助学生处于更好的学业未来中，故对于学校的音乐课程，作者持支持的态度，选D项，supportive“支持的”。respectful“有礼貌的”;doubtful“不确定的，感到怀疑的”; tolerant“宽容的，容忍的”。
racy n. 准确;精确 rtake vt. 承担;从事
orm vt. 执行;演奏 ally adv. 事实上
emic adj. 学术的;理论的
ared to 与……相比
a positive effect on 对……有积极影响
st to 调整以适应……
原文：In an officebased experiment, 88 percent of participants were found to produce their most accurate work when listening to music.(状语从句中的省略)
译文：在对办公室人员的实验中，88%的参与者被发现在听音乐时能做最准确的工作。
仿写：Children, when_accompanied_by_their_parents,_are allowed to enter the stadium.
当孩子被其父母陪伴时，他们才被允许进入这个运动场。
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[2015·重庆一中一诊]The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African ecosystem (生态系统). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big planteater, it largely shapes the forestandsavanna (稀树草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting_the_terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat (栖息地).
It is the elephant's great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerousopen spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant eaters.
Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations，the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant eaters to move around and for small plant eaters to get their food as well.
What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.
本文主要讲述的就是在非洲草原的生物链中大象的重要作用，它不断的寻找食物拓宽了其他动物的生存空间等。
is the passage mainly about?
ppearance of African elephants.
sts and savannas as habitats for African elephants.
effect of African elephants' search for food.
eating habit of African elephants.
答案：C 考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述的就是在非洲草原的生物链中大象的重要作用，它不断的寻找食物拓宽了其他动物的生存空间等。故C正确。
does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?
ng the time. ening the state.
oving the quality. ding the conditions.
答案：D 考查词义猜测。根据文章“As a big plant eater, it largely shapes the forestandsavanna(稀树草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.”说明非洲大象塑造了草原的环境，也决定了其他动物的生存条件。故D项正确。
do we know about the open spaces in the passage?
result from the destruction of rain forests.
provide food mainly for African elephants.
are home to many endangered animals.
are attractive to planteating animals of different kinds.
答案：D 考查细节理解。根据文章“This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant eaters”.说明开放的空间对于其他的食草动物也很重要。故D项正确。
passage is developed mainly by________.
ing the effect and then explaining the causes
ting out similarities and differences
ribing the changes in space order
ng examples
答案：A 考查篇章结构。本文主要通过描述大象的行为带来的具体影响以及对这些影响的原因的解释。故A项正确。
tence n. 存在
re v./n. 欲望;要求
rous adj. 许多的;很多的
ation n. 情况;形势
adj. 广阔的;巨大的
great importance 很重要的
a great extent 在很大程度上
lt in 导致
原文：It is the elephant's great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. (强调句型)
译文：正是大象对食物的欲望使它成为环境的破坏者和栖息地的修建者。
仿写：It_was_the_culture_rather_than_the_language_that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
是文化而不是语言，使他很难适应国外的新环境。
B
[2015·西安下学期月考] With the development of society, the choice of food and drinks for children is more diversified than ever before. However, every coin has two sides. Many facts suggest that children are overweightand the situation is getting worse, according to the statistics. I feel there are a number of reasons for this.
Some people blame the fact that we are surroundedby shops selling unhealthy，fatty foods, such as fried chicken and ice cream, at low prices. This has turned out a whole generation of grownups who seldom cook a meal for themselves. If there were fewer of these restaurants then probably children would buy less takeaway food.
There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight. I agree to this, because good eating habits begin early in life, long before children start to visit fast food shops. If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food, or are always allowed to choose what they eat, they will go for sweet and salty foods every time, and this will carry on throughout their lives.
There is a third reason for this situation. Children these days take very little exercise. They do not walk to school. When they get home, they sit in front of the television or their computers. Not only is this an unhealthy pastime (消遣), it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food. What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.
The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.
本文是健康类短文，本文第一段是一个中心段，提出儿童肥胖的问题，在2,3,4段中分别给出一个原因。在文章最后一段进行了总结提出了解决问题的方法。
is suggested by the author to deal with “overw- eight”?
ing the shops selling unhealthy and fatty foods.
ng young children to walk to school every day.
ng an active life and removing bad eating habits.
watching TV or playing computer games after school.
答案：C 考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段“The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.”可知作者给出的建议是要过着更为积极的生活而且要把一些不好的饮食习惯去除掉。故C项正确。
h of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
答案：B 考查篇章结构。本文第一段是一个中心段，提出儿童肥胖的问题，在2,3,4段中分别给出一个原因。在文章最后一段进行了总结提出了解决问题的方法。属于总分总的结构，故B正确。
author writes the passage to________.
people a social problem
ide facts for government
se solutions to a problem
are opinions with people
答案：C 考查推理判断。本文先提出一个问题：儿童肥胖;在2,3,4段中分析出现这一问题的原因，最后一段中提出对于这个问题的解决方法。作者写本文的目的是在于对一个问题的解决方法提出的建议。故C项正确。
underlined word“diversified”in the first paragraph most probably means________.
ous icult
nsive lable
答案：A 考查推理判断。根据本句“With the development of society, the choice of food and drinks for children is more diversified than ever before”可知现在的儿童在食物的选择方面很丰富，同时也带来了很大的问题。所以本词表示的是多种多样的;亦可根据diversity来猜测该词的意思与多样化有关，故A项正确。
weight adj. 超重的;过重的
istics n. 数据;统计
e n./v. 责备;归咎于
ound v. 包围，围绕
althy adj. 不健康的
the development of 随着……的发展
2.a number of 许多的;大量的
e to 同意;接受
原文：Not only is this an unhealthy pastime, it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.(倒装句)
译文：这不仅仅是一种不健康的消遣方式，而且也给他们吃更多不健康食物的时间。
仿写：Not_only_has_she_been_late_three_times_in_the_past_ three_days,_she has also done no work.
她在过去的三天不仅迟到过三次，还没干一点活。
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