英语否定的几种表示方法

英语中的部分否定(即不完全否定),接下来，小编给大家准备了英语否定的几种表示方法,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。

一、 all 的否定式：not all…(或：all…not)表示"并非都……"、"不是所有的都……"例如：

Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能当头头。

Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都会长得很高。

二、 both 的否定式：not…both (或：both… not) "并非两个……都……" 例如：

I don't want both the books. 我不是两本书都要。

Both (the) windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。

三、 every…的否定式："不是每……都……" 例如：

Not every book is educative. (或：Every book is not educative.) 不是每本书都有教育意义的。

Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。

This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。

四、 always的否定式："并非总是(并非一直)……" 例如：

He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。

五、 entirely1, altogether, completely2 和quite 的否定式："不完全……"，"并非完全……" 例如：

The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。

He felt not altogether satisfied3. 他并不完全满意。

I don't agree completely. 我并不完全同意。

What he did was not quite proper. 他做的不十分妥当。

六、 all the time 的否定式："并非一直……"、"未必老是……" 例如：

A foolish man doesn't make a mistake all the time. 笨人未必老是犯错误。

七、 not…and…的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。 例如：

He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他讲得清楚但不正确。

This film is not interesting and instructive. 这部电影有趣但无教育意义。

She cannot sing and dance. 她会唱歌但不会跳舞。

如果将and 换成or，not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。

He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他讲的既不清楚也不正确。

如要对上述的all, both, every, always, 以及entirely, altogether, completely, quite 和 all the time 等词作完全否定，那就分别要用与之相对应的全否定词，如no, none, neither, no one, never, not (never)… at all 等。例如：

All of them can do it.--- None of them can do it.

Both are good.---Neither is good.

Everybody likes it. ---Nobody likes it.

He is always late. --- He is never late.

We don't trust them entirely. --- We never trust them at all.

He was here all the time. --- He was never here.

　　扩展：英语的否定转移

在学英语的过程中，学生常将这样的句子 "我认为这不是个好主意." 译为"I think it isn't a good idea." 而将这句英语译成汉语时，学生又会译为 "我不认为这是个好主意." 老师又会说译错了，这不符合 "I don't think..." 句型，应译为 "l don't think it's a good idea."

那么，这错误的根源究竟在哪里?这就是“英语的否定转移”在作怪。否定转移在非正式语体中特别常见，它是将语义上属于从属分句(一般为that clause1)的否定词转移到母句中去。允许否定转移的母句动词在语义上可分为以下两组：

1.看法(OPINION)：anticipate，be supposed to，believe，calculate， expect，figure (infml，AmE),imagine, reckon2 (infml，esp, in AmE)，suppose，think:

Eg. I don't believe I've met you before.

("I believe I haven't met you before.")

Eg. She didn't imagine that we would say anything.

("She imagined we wouldn't say anything.")

Eg. He didn't expect to win.

("He expected not to win.")

2.感觉(PERCEPTION) appear，seem，feel as if，look as if，sound as if (后三个动词也作infml，esp， in AmE，其中用like来代替as if)：

Eg. It doesn't seem that we canget our Money back.

"It seems that we can't get our money back."

Eg. The baby doesn't appear to be awake.

("The baby appears not to be awake.")

Eg. It doesn't look like it's going to rain.

("It looks like it isn't going to rain.")

否定的转移是一种含糊的现象。对于否定词位置不同的两个句子，意思是否相同，或者在多大程度上相同的问题，各人的直觉可能是不同的。但在以下特殊情况下，原来允许否定转移的动词不能将否定转移：

1.I think是插入句，可看作与其他部分无关：

I wish you were here，then I think I should not feel like this.

2.母句中添加情态动词can't mustn't wouldn't时：

I can't believe that they are married.

You mustn't think he's stupid.

I wouldn't have imagined that Sandra would be here.

3.由于cannot help doing，ought not，need not，not at all等短语的关系而把I think隔离。

I should have thought sometimes you couldn't help thinking of the past.

I think you ought not to walk at night alone，Mrs. Moore.

I think you need not be impolite3 to her，as well as to her son.

"I think the angel4 are not at all in heaven." nd said."

4. 由于not just... but， just not... enough，not much, not quite等以not为核心的副词短语的影响，也不便把否定拿到动词的前面去：

I think I'm just not smart enough to make any sense out of for you.

"You think she's not much like you? Brerald asked.

But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I.

句中含有no, never, nothing, nobody等的不定词时：

I should think you never have seen many.

I thought it explained nothing.