lack的用法

Lack 的用法

　　n.(名词)“不足”。 通常用 “lack+of+名词”。

a lack of money. 缺乏金钱

Her only problem is lack of confidence.

Lack of sleep had made him irritable.

We won't be going on holiday this year - lack of funds, I'm afraid.

If he fails it won't be for/through lack of effort (= he has certainly tried).

He can’t endure the lack of food. 没有食物，他再也坚持不下去了。

　　vt.(及物动词)缺乏;不足;没有

①To be entirely without or have very little of.缺乏：根本就没有或仅有一点

②To be in need of.需要

He just lacks a little confidence.

What we lack in this house is space to store things.

She lacks patience in dealing with children. (与孩子打交道她缺少耐心。)

We are lacking three members of staff due to illness.

(注：说lack不用于进行时是站不住脚的)

　　vi. (不及物动词)还可作“缺乏，短少;不足;需要。常用进行时

①To be wanting or deficient:缺乏：处于匮乏或不足状态：

You will not be lacking in support from me.你将得到我的帮助

(注：这里把lacking处理为vi.，并没有作为adj.来得简单)

②To be in need of something:需要：需要某物：

I lacked for nothing.我不需要任何东西

She does not lack for friends.

They lacked for nothing.他们无所需求(应有尽有)。

　　[用法拓展]

lack 构成的短语有：

be lacking:欠缺、缺：

be lacking in缺乏(某种品质、特点等),不够

lack for 缺(多用于否定句) Lack+of+名词： The plants died for lack of water.

Lack+名词： We lack the strength to walk any further.

短语： be lacking:欠缺、缺： Money was lacking to complete the building.

Be lacking in缺乏(某种品质、特点等),不够： He is not lacking in intelligence.

Lack for 缺(多用于否定句) She does not lack for friends

　　lacking adj.

1 be lacking If something that you need is lacking, you do not have enough of it:

Enthusiasm has been sadly lacking these past months at work.

Money was lacking to complete the building.

He is lacking in courage. 他缺乏勇气。

Nothing is lacking but the will.什么都不缺，就缺意志。

2 be lacking in sth to not have a quality:

He's totally lacking in charm.

He is not lacking in intelligence.

Philip was not lacking in ability. (菲力普并不缺少能力。)

His reception of us was lacking in warmth.(他对我们的接待缺少热情。)

Since she is young, she is lacking in experience.由于年轻，她缺乏经验。

　　[练习]

1. Many of our young workers ___ proper training.?

A. are lacking in B. are lacking C. lack for D. lack in [A]

2. We tried to settle the problem with them as soon as possible, but they seemed to____ sincerity.

A. lack of B. be lack of C. lack in D. be lacking in (D)

3. Though________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.

A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in

<解答> Though lacking money是Though they are lacking money的省略句，其中lack是vt.。

4. Keep him at arm's length, as he is a guy being lacking ______ honesty.

A. of B. on C. in D. about (C)

was another example of _____ experience.

A. a lack of B. lack from C. their lack for D. their lack of

<解答>.D lack作及物动词时，后面直接用名词或代词做宾语;作不及物动词时常和for连用;作名词时常和of搭配使用。

6. -- What caused the failure of the experiment?

-- _____. (C)

A. Because of shortage of fund B. For lack of fund C. Lack of fund D. Due to lack of fund

7. The boss praised the young man for his hard work, though he ____ experience.

A. is lack of B. is lacking in? C. lacks of D. is lacking of

此题答案选B，be lacking in是习语，意为“缺乏”，其后通常接experience, frankness, courage等抽象名词。选A是错误的，因为lack可用做名词和动词，但不用做形容词;选C是错误的，因为lack用做动词时，它是及物动词，其后不用介词(注：用做名词的 lack后可接介词of);选D是错误的，因为没有be lacking of这个搭配。

8. I'm sorry, We're ________that kind of trousers. Would you come back next week?

A. short B. lacking C. in need D. short of (D)

[案例1.]

1. He can’t endure the lack of food.

2. He can’t endure a lack of food.

3. He can’t endure lack of food.

Are they all correct?

Yes, they are, but number 3 would not be heard very often, simply because it's not so easy to say smoothly. You need a hard stop between "endure" and "lack," so even if you mean to say that, it tends to come out as "endure-uh lack."

[案例2.]

The authorities declared that because of the war petrol was _____ and had to be rationed (定量供应).

A. inadequate B. rare C. lacked D. scarce

[答] D. scarce. 汽油供不应求，因此必须定量配给。

Scarce(=not available in sufficient quantity, not equal to the demand)不充足的，缺乏的，供不应求的。Inadequate 不适应的，不充分的。

lack vt./vi. (=be without ; not have; have less than enough of) 缺乏;没有;缺少，例如：

1)He lacks perseverance.(他缺乏坚定性。)

2) Money is lacking for the plan.(此计划尚缺钱。)

3) He is lacking in courage.(他缺乏勇气。)

be lacking in 常指缺乏某种品质、特点等。

lack作及物动词时，一般不用被动语态，故不能选C. lacked.

4)They lacked for nothing.(他们什么也不缺。) 有人认为，lack for是美国英语。

[案例3.]

I am lacking of practice or I am lacking practice.

BE：正常表达的方式是:

"I haven't given a massage for a long time. I'm out of practice."

If you want to use the verb "to lack":

"I lack practice" or I'm lacking in practice".

[案例4.]

1. Lacking money, he couldn't spend his holiday in Shanghai this summer.

2. Lacking in money, he couldn't spend his holiday in Shanghai this summer.

Q：这两句是否都对?

答：1句对(lack sth.);2句错(但语法结构并不错be lacking in sth.).

句2类似结构的关键是 be lacking in + quality

Lacking in courage, he would never leave home.

Totally lacking in charm, he could not attract the audience.

注：However, this is still not very idiomatic. I would expect:

Because he was lacking in courage, he never left home.

[注意事项]

e is no lack of … 总用is/was单数形式

lack of 里没有the

【问题探究】 He is lack of money.

问：lack 是名词，这里似乎是不能放be动词后的吧?

答：That’s water.名词有时也能用在be动词后。这似乎有些题外了。当然本题句是错误的，下面的都对：

1. He lacks money [lacks = verb]

2. He has a lack of money [lack = noun]

is lacking in money [lacking = adjective]

"He is lack of money." (X)

"He suffers from a lack of money/confidence /personality/etc." ("Lack" = noun.) (V)

"I can't meet you today for lack of time." ("Lack" = noun.) (V)

"Lacking" 可以是adjective, 常用于be lacking in sth. 结构。且那sth.应该是抽象的事物，故上面的句3也错误了。

题目句是错的。可以说: "He is lacking money" 或 "he lacks money". 如果说 "He is..." (如 "He is a teacher") 那么就是在描述他什么, 也就是他自己不能是(a lack) < he cannot himself be 'a lack'>

有时人们把lack用与这样的句子，如 "He lacks common sense/initiative". 'To lack' 是个很华丽的古英语动词, 但现在人们也许更可能用 "He has no...".