托福阅读的权威备考资料
托福备考需要一些实用的材料帮助我们学习，下面小编就给大家分享一下托福阅读的权威备考资料，希望对大家有所帮助!
托福阅读的权威备考资料
托福阅读备考中推荐使用的主要材料有：托福官方指南(OG)，TPO1-31，老托福阅读100篇。
首先说OG，这本书对于初学者来说是比较重要的。拿到手时，先看一下36页到60页的内容，涉及十大题型的介绍，每个题型下面都有相应例题。在所有题型介绍完之后，有六篇和考试相仿的文章，可以挑出其中一篇或三篇用于自测。书中所附的答案都有详尽的解释。在上任何辅导班之前，都有必要自己先了解一下，这一方面在于摸清自己的水平，一方面也能提高之后首次课的听课效率。
其次是需要重点利用的材料，TPO1-31。TPO(TOEFL Practice Online)本来是在线测试的题目，现在在网络上都能找到模考软件版和word文档版，也可以直接找同学老师拷贝。不定期会有更新，现在一共出到了31套，也就是有93篇文章，相较于OG上面的文章来说。TPO 的难度是有所提升的 (最新版OG的3套练习均来自TPO)。TPO是托福考试的出题者制作的，是最接近考试难度的备考材料。任何主流的辅导班，基本都是以此为重点加以讲解分析。因此，TPO在质和量上都能满足任何学霸。
经常有学生问是不是越到后面的文章越难，但其实难度分布没有这一规律。如TPO1-2、8-3、9-2、13-2、16-2、19-1、19-3就比后面很多文章难得很多。使用方法是：
1、利用word版，从TPO1到10，可以按照OG中十大题型(除了内容小结题和图表题)的分类进行专门的题型练习，结合OG总结出一套自己的做题方法。
2、利用word版，从TPO10到15，进行整篇文章的整合训练，看前面所有的题型结合起来，在整篇文章中是如何能起到相互弥补的作用。这时的练习不需要计时。关键在于吃透题目、段落之间的关系。总结出内容小结题和图表题的做题方法，同时回顾之前篇章的这两个题目。
3、利用word版，从TPO16到20，整篇文章的计时练习。时间可以由慢到快(25分钟到23分钟再到20分钟)。分析错题原因的同时分析哪些题目上需要提速。
4、利用模考软件版，从TPO21到31，可以根据自己在步骤3中的情况，选择继续坚持整篇练习或者开始整套(1小时)练习。
上述过程中所有做过的题目，最好使用word版保存错题，错题分析要找到原文对应依据，写出自己当时的思路，分析自己的错因，以备在所有TPO做完之后再一次回顾错题，考前复习。另外，从TPO1开始，建立一个exel表格，养成整理生词的习惯，供反复复习。
最后说一下老托阅读100篇的使用。该材料可以在网络上搜到。这个是之前老托考试的题目，词语和句子的难度上不亚于新托福，但是题目难度上不高。每篇文章是新托的一半，即350字左右。对于基础薄弱的学员不推荐使用(基础薄弱的学员先背好四级单词，把OG上15篇文章全部翻译弄懂，然后就可以开始TPO了)，而对于已经把TPO做得滚瓜烂熟又比较空虚的学员，可以用老托来对自己的托福单词查缺补漏，长句子可以练习翻译断句。题目因为在难度上与新托福有差距，并不推荐花太多时间去做和研究。对于题目的研究，精力集中在TPO的错题上是最好的。
托福阅读真题1
Pheromones are substances that serve as chemical signals between members of the same species. They are secreted to the outside of the body and cause other individuals of the species to have specific reactions. Pheromones, which are sometimes called social hormones, affect a group of individuals somewhat like hormones do an individual animal. Pheromones are the predominant medium of communication among insects (but rarely the sole method). Some species have simple pheromone systems and produce only a few pheromones, but others produce many with various functions. Pheromone systems are the most complex in some of the so-called social insects, insects that live in organized groups.
Chemical communication differs from that by sight or sound in several ways. Transmission is relatively slow (the chemical signals are usually airborne), but the signal can be persistent, depending upon the volatility of the chemical, and is sometimes effective over a very long range. Localization of the signal is generally poorer than localization of a sound or visual stimulus and is usually effected by the animal's moving upwind in response to the stimulus. The ability to modulate a chemical signal is limited, compared with communication by visual or acoustic means, but some pheromones may convey different meanings and consequently result in different behavioral or physiological responses, depending on their concentration or when presented in combination. The modulation of chemical signals occurs via the elaboration of the number of exocrine glands that produce pheromones. Some species, such as ants, seem to be very articulate creatures, but their medium of communication is difficult for humans to study and appreciate because of our own olfactory, insensitivity and the technological difficulties in detecting and analyzing these pheromones. Pheromones play numerous roles in the activities of insects. They may act as alarm substances, play a role in individual and group recognition, serve as attractants between sexes, mediate the formation of aggregations, identify foraging trails, and be involved in caste determination. For example, pheromones involved in caste determination include the queen substance produced by queen honey bees. Aphids, which are particularly vulnerable to predators because of their gregarious habits and sedentary nature, secrete an alarm pheromone when attacked that causes nearby aphids to respond by moving away.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) How insects use pheromones to communicate
(B) How pheromones are produced by insects
(C) Why analyzing insect pheromones is difficult
(D) The different uses of pheromones among various insect species
2. The word serve in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) improve
(B) function
(C) begin
(D) rely
3. The purpose of the second mention of hormones in line 4 is to point out
(A) chemical signals that are common among insects
(B) specific responses of various species to chemical signals
(C) similarities between two chemical substances
(D) how insects produce different chemical substances
4. The word sole in line 6
is closest in meaning to
(A) obvious
(B) best
(C) only
(D) final
5. The passage suggests that the speed at which communication through pheromones occurs is
dependent on how quickly they
(A) lose their effectiveness
(B) evaporate in the air
(C) travel through the air
(D) are produced by the body
6. According to the passage , the meaning of a message communicated through a pheromone
may vary when the
(A) chemical structure of the pheromone is changed
(B) pheromone is excreted while other pheromones are also being excreted
(C) exocrine glands do not produce the pheromone
(D) pheromone is released near certain specific organisms
7. The word detecting in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) controlling
(B) storing
(C) questioning
(D) finding
8. According to paragraph 2, which of the following has made the study of pheromones difficult?
(A) Pheromones cannot be easily reproduced in chemical laboratories.
(B) Existing technology cannot fully explore the properties of pheromones.
(C) Pheromones are highly volatile.
(D) Pheromone signals are constantly changing.
9. The word They in line 24 refers to
(A) pheromones
(B) roles
(C) activities
(D) insects
10. The word sedentary in line 29 is closest in meaning to
(A) inactive
(B) inefficient
(C) unchangeable
(D) unbalanced
11. Pheromone systems are relatively complex in insects that
(A) also communicate using sight and sound
(B) live underground
(C) prey on other insects
(D) live in organized groups
PASSAGE 95 ABCCB ADBAAD
托福阅读真题2
The Homestead Act of 1862 gave heads of families or individuals aged twenty-one or older the right to own 160 acres of public land in the western United States after five years of residence and improvement. This law was intended to provide land for small farmers and to prevent land from being bought for resale at a profit or being owned by large landholders. An early amendment to the act even prevented husbands and wives from filing separate claims. The West, land reformers had assumed, would soon contain many 160-acre family farms.
They were doomed to disappointment. Most landless Americans were too poor to become farmers even when they could obtain land without cost. The expense of moving a family to the ever-receding frontier exceeded the means of many, and the cost of tools, draft animals, a wagon, a well, fencing, and of building the simplest house, might come to $1,000 — a formidable barrier. As for the industrial workers for whom the free land was supposed to provide a safety valve, they had neither the skills nor the inclination to become farmers. Homesteaders usually came from districts not far removed from frontier conditions. And despite the intent of the law, speculators often managed to obtain large tracts. They hired people to stake out claims, falsely swear that they had fulfilled the conditions laid down in the law for obtaining legal title, and then deed the land over to their employers.
Furthermore, 160 acres were not enough for raising livestock or for the kind of commercial agriculture that was developing west of the Mississippi. The national government made a feeble attempt to make larger holdings available to homesteaders by passing the Timber Culture Act of 1873, which permitted individuals to claim an additional 160 acres if they would agree to plant a quarter of it in trees within ten years. This law proved helpful to some farmers in the largely treeless states of Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas. Nevertheless, fewer than 25 percent of the 245,000 who took up land under the Act obtained final title to the property.
1. Which aspect of the Homestead Act of 1862 does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) How it transformed the western United States into a place of small farms
(B) Why it was an improvement over previous attempts at land reform
(C) Why it did not achieve its aim to provide land for small farmers
(D) How it failed in the largely treeless states of Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas
2. An amendment added to the Homestead Act of 1862 specified that
(A) five years of residence was required for landownership
(B) husbands and wives could not file separate claims
(C) the price of 160 acres of land was $1,000
(D) land could not be resold for a profit
3. The word formidable in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(A) obvious
(B) predictable
(C) difficult
(D) manageable
4. It can be inferred
(A) a new kind of machinery
(B) an alternative for urban workers
(C) an area in a factory
(D) a procedure designed to protect workers
5. The word intent in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) purpose
(B) power
(C) effect
(D) invention
6. According to the passage , why did the government pass the Timber Culture Act of 1873?
(A) to make larger tracts of land available to small farmers
(B) to settle Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas
(C) to encourage land speculation west of the Mississippi
(D) to increase the variety of trees growing in the western states
7. The word they in line 23 refers to
(A) larger holdings
(B) individuals
(C) 160 acres
(D) trees
8. According to the passage , how many of the farmers who settled land under the Timber
Culture Act of 1873 received final title to the property?
(A) fewer than 25%
(B) more than 160
(C) 10% per year
(D) 245,000
9. The passage mentions all of the following as reasons the Homestead Act of 1862 did not
achieve its aims EXCEPT:
(A) Most landless Americans could not afford the necessary tools and provisions.
(B) Industrial workers lacked the necessary farming skills.
(C) The farms were too large for single families to operate successfully.
(D) Homesteaders usually came from areas relatively close to the frontier.
10. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the Timber Culture Act of
1873?
(A) It especially helped farmers with large holdings of land.
(B) It was most important to farmers living in states that had plenty of trees.
(C) The majority of farmers did not benefit significantly from it.
(D) The majority of farmers did not need the extra 160 acres it provided.
PASSAGE 96 CBCDA ABACC
that the safety valve in line 13 refers to
