奥兰多恐袭阴影笼罩美国总统大选
Sharply contrasting approaches to the Orlando shootings from the two main US presidential candidates yesterday exposed a yawning gulf in their responses to terrorism and underscored the divisive and combustible role it is set to play in the November election.
美国两位主要总统候选人昨日对奥兰多枪击事件作出反差鲜明的回应，揭示了他们在如何应对恐怖主义问题上的明显鸿沟，并突显了这个问题将对11月大选产生的分裂和煽动作用。
Donald Trump, the Republicans’ presumptive presidential nominee, accused America’s Muslims of failing to report dangerous radicalisation in their areas and called for more US citizens to be armed, as he doubled down on a hardline approach that he hopes will cement his credentials as an uncompromisingly hawkish president-in-waiting.
共和党推定总统候选人唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)指控美国的穆斯林未能报告自己所在当地出现的危险的激进化现象，并呼吁更多美国公民携带武器。他变本加厉地押注于强硬立场，希望这将夯实他作为一个决不妥协的鹰派总统候选人的资质。
Mr Trump also played to the conspiracy theorists on the Republican side of politics, using interviews yesterday to hint opaquely at links between Barack Obama, the US president, and Islamist radicals.
特朗普还迎合了共和党方面的阴谋理论家，利用昨日的访谈含沙射影地暗示美国总统巴拉克•奥巴马(Barack Obama)与伊斯兰主义激进分子之间存在联系。
Mr Trump said that the president “either is not tough, not smart, or he’s got something else in mind”. He cast aspersions on the president’s motivations, saying people could not believe that the president did not mention the words “radical Islamic terrorism”. “There’s something going on,” he said.
特朗普表示，奥巴马总统“要么是不坚强，不聪明，要么是他还有别的什么念头”。他对美国总统的动机提出质疑，称人民简直无法相信总统到现在还没有用“激进的伊斯兰恐怖主义”这个表述。“肯定有点不可告人的事情，”他说。
Hillary Clinton for the Democrats by contrast warned against demonising Islam and demanded a dedicated team tasked with tracking down lone-wolf terrorists, as well as tougher gun control laws, as she adopted a more measured tone.
与此形成对比的是，民主党方面的希拉里•克林顿(Hillary Clinton)警告各方不要妖魔化伊斯兰，并要求组建一支专职团队追查“独狼”恐怖分子，并收紧枪支管制法律。她采取了更有分寸的基调。
Terrorism has the potential to play a highly unpredictable role in the November election as public anxiety rises following the attacks in Paris, Brussels and San Bernardino, California.
恐怖主义问题可能在11月美国大选中扮演一个高度不可预测的角色，因为在巴黎、布鲁塞尔和加利福尼亚州圣贝纳迪诺遭遇恐袭后，公众焦虑上升。
Mr Trump’s words reflect a calculation that his aggressive rhetoric paid dividends during the Republican primaries and will continue to do so when voters go to the polls this autumn.
特朗普的话反映出这样的盘算，即他在共和党初选阶段期间咄咄逼人的言论收效不错，并将在今年秋天选民去投票的时候继续奏效。
Norm Ornstein, an expert on US politics at the conservative American Enterprise Institute, said however it was unclear that the tough talking that benefited Mr Trump in the fractious environment of the primaries would work in the general election.
然而，立场保守的美国企业研究所(American Enterprise Institute)的美国政治专家诺姆•奥恩斯坦(Norm Ornstein)表示，尚不清楚在四分五裂的初选阶段让特朗普受益的强硬论调，在大选中是否也能打动选民。
“Trump represents an enormous risk and right now people are not willing to take that risk,” he said. The property investor’s initial reaction was “ego-driven, raw and insensitive. There was nothing about the victims. It was just ‘thanks to all of you who say I was right all along on terrorism’.”
“特朗普代表着一个巨大的风险，眼下人们不愿承担这个风险，”他说。身为房地产投资者的特朗普的第一反应是“自我驱动、缺乏经验和不够敏感的。没有对受害者表示任何哀悼，而只是‘感谢所有那些说我在恐怖主义问题上一向正确的人们’。”
Elizabeth Zechmeister, political science professor at Vanderbilt University, said that terrorism left people “less trusting, more authoritarian, more willing to give up their rights and the rights of others, more hawkish”. The question, however, was what constituted strong leadership: Mr Trump’s belligerence or Mrs Clinton’s experience.
范德堡大学(Vanderbilt University)政治学教授伊丽莎白•切赫梅斯特(Elizabeth Zechmeister)表示，恐怖主义让人们“信任度降低，更拥护威权，更愿意放弃自己的权利和其他人的权利，更加鹰派”。但问题是，哪些质素构成强有力的领导：特朗普的好战还是希拉里的经验？
“I think what we’re going to see in the campaign down the road is the candidates are going to try to project their own image of strength, resolution and resolve and push on the other candidate to reveal weakness,” she said.
“我认为在下一阶段的竞选中，我们将看到两位候选人试图树立自己强有力、坚决和坚定的形象，同时迫使对方暴露弱点，”她说。
Mr Trump’s aggressive approach also carried security risks, analysts warned. Max Boot, a senior fellow in national security studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, said the US had done a better job than Europe in assimilating its Muslim population and that Mr Trump could undermine that record.
分析人士警告，特朗普咄咄逼人的姿态还带有安全风险。美国对外关系委员会(Council on Foreign Relations)国家安全问题高级研究员马克斯•布特(Max Boot)表示，美国在接纳和同化穆斯林人口方面一直比欧洲做得更好，而特朗普可能破坏这个记录。
“He is turning Muslims into the enemy; it is very dangerous,” he said. “We need those relations to be strong to get the kind of intelligence to stop terrorists before they strike.”
“他正在把穆斯林推向敌人一边；这是非常危险的，”他说。“我们需要与穆斯林建立联系，才能变得强大，获得能够在恐袭发生之前制止恐怖分子的情报。”
The killings also reignited America’s debate over gun control. Mr Obama said yesterday that the US needed to think about the risks it was taking by being “so lax in how we make very powerful firearms available to people in this country”.
奥兰多屠杀事件也再度引燃美国围绕枪支管制的辩论。奥巴马昨日表示，美国需要深思“我们国家让人们这么容易获得火力强大的枪械”给自己带来的风险。
Mr Trump, on the other hand, told CNN that if more people in the Pulse nightclub had been armed with guns the same kind of tragedy would not have taken place because they could have returned fire.
另一方面，特朗普对美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)表示，如果脉动(Pulse)夜总会当时有更多人带着枪，他们就可以开枪还击，这场悲剧就不至于这么血腥。
Stephen Craig, director of the political campaigning programme at the University of Florida, said Mr Trump was unlikely to win votes if he continued to talk about the attacks in an inflammatory way. “He’s not saying intelligent things,” he said. “As much as anything it’s ‘Oh my God what would this guy do with the nuclear codes?’”
佛罗里达大学(University of Florida)政治活动课程主任斯蒂芬•克雷格(Stephen Craig)表示，如果特朗普继续以煽动性的方式谈论恐袭，他就不太可能赢得选票。“他的话不可理喻，”他说,“除了其他事情外，人们会想‘天哪，让这家伙掌握核武器发射密码不知道会发生什么？'”
There were signs in polls taken before the Orlando killings that many voters are uneasy with Mr Trump’s ability to handle a crisis and the responsibilities of the presidency. A national survey taken by Gallup in May found 48 per cent of people thought Mrs Clinton “would display good judgment in a crisis” versus 39 per cent for Mr Trump.
在奥兰多恐袭之前进行的民意调查中，有迹象表明许多选民对特朗普处理危机和总统职责的能力感到不放心。盖洛普(Gallup)在5月进行的一项全国调查发现，48%的人认为希拉里“将在危机中展现良好的判断力”，只有39%的人对特朗普作出这样的评判。
