联军密集空袭重创ISIS石油生产

US-led coalition air strikes on Isis-held oilfields in eastern Syria have become so intense that locals say production could drop sharply, a move that would threaten the jihadi group’s most important revenue stream.

以美国为首的联军对叙利亚东部“伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国”(ISIS)控制的油田进行的空袭变得如此激烈，以至于当地人称产能可能大幅下降，此举将威胁该圣战组织最重要的收入来源。

A week of heavy strikes in Syria’s Deir Ezzor province has pounded Isis-controlled infrastructure and vehicles involved in the oil trade, which an investigation by the Financial Times estimates nets the group about $1.5m a day, and has helped embed it within civilian populations involved in the trade.

对叙利亚代尔祖尔(Deir Ezzor)一周以来的猛烈空袭，已重创ISIS控制下与石油贸易相关的基础设施和车辆，而英国《金融时报》的一项调查估计，石油贸易每天可为该组织带来约150万美元的净收入，而且还帮助该组织藏匿于参与石油生意的平民中。

“The strikes are insane, sometimes 20 in a few hours,” said one man who lives near Syria’s al-Tanak oilfield and whose family has been trading in Isis-produced crude. “If the strikes go on like this they could stop oil production.”

“空袭太疯狂了，有时几小时内就有20轮，”一名住在叙利亚塔纳克(al-Tanak)油田附近的男子说，他们一家一直在从事ISIS所产原油的买卖，“如果空袭照这样持续下去，他们可能停止石油生产。”

Deir Ezzor activists like Jad al-Hussein, based in Turkey, see a total cut in production as unlikely but anticipate a substantial drop in trade. “A complete halt seems impossible because it is so essential to the area, including for civilians. Isis even uses it to produce electricity,” he said. “But I expect trade will decrease a lot.”

居住在土耳其的代尔祖尔籍活动人士——如贾德侯赛因(Jad al-Hussein)——认为，完全停产不大可能，但预计交易将出现大幅下滑。“完全停产似乎是不可能的，因为石油对这一地区如此至关重要，包括对平民而言。ISIS甚至用石油发电，”他说，“但我预计，交易将大幅减少。”

The coalition has escalated its campaign against Isis, which seized about half of Syria and nearly a third of Iraq in the past year. This week France led a dramatically increased number of air raids on its de facto capital, Raqqa, fuelled mostly by retribution for the Isis attacks in Paris last Friday.

联军已经升级了对ISIS的军事打击行动，过去一年，ISIS占领了叙利亚约一半的领土以及伊拉克的近三分之一。很大程度上出于对上周五ISIS在巴黎发动袭击的报复，法国本周急剧增加了对ISIS所谓首都拉卡(Raqqa)的空袭次数。

Activists and Syrian rebels fighting Isis say foreign fighters and their families have been moved out of the city. The Raqqa Revolutionaries’ Front, which has joined Syrian Kurdish forces co-ordinating on the ground with the coalition against Isis, says it has seen some fighters moving to Isis’s stronghold of al-Shadadi, near the Iraqi border.

与ISIS作战的活动人士及叙利亚反对派武装称，外国战士和他们的家人已经撤离了拉卡。已经加入叙利亚库尔德人武装——负责在地面配合联军打击ISIS——的拉卡革命阵线(Raqqa Revolutionaries’ Front)称，他们看到一些武装分子在向ISIS位于伊拉克边境附近的大本营沙达迪(al-Shadadi)转移。

The UK-based monitoring group, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, described a surge of Isis leaders’ families and other members of the group heading towards Iraq’s second city of Mosul, which Isis captured in 2014. The observatory reported that the families said Raqqa was “no longer safe” and that Mosul was more secure. The observatory says 33 Isis fighters were killed in the last three days of raids on Raqqa, and that at least two civilians died.

总部位于英国的监督组织——叙利亚人权观察(Syrian Observatory for Human Rights)称，ISIS领导人家属以及其他成员正在奔向伊拉克第二大城市摩苏尔(Mosul)，ISIS于2014年占领该市。该监督组织报告称，ISIS领导人家属说拉卡已“不再安全”，摩苏尔更安全些。该组织还称，33名ISIS武装分子在过去三天拉卡遭到的空袭中丧生，至少两名平民死亡。

Isis has made huge profits from oil despite the drop in the international oil price — the benchmark Brent crude is currently at $45 a barrel — largely because local communities in war-torn Syria and Iraq are so dependent on its production. An effort to stop the flow of fuel smuggling across Turkey and Syria’s 100km border has therefore done little to dent Isis profits.

尽管国际油价大跌（当前基准布伦特(Brent)原油价格为每桶45美元），但ISIS还是从石油中获得了巨额利润，很大程度上因为叙利亚与伊拉克一些饱受战火摧残的地区相当依赖石油生产。因此，阻止石油通过土耳其与叙利亚几百公里边境进行走私的努力，几乎没有对ISIS的利润造成打击。