波士顿马拉松赛爆炸案敲响安保警钟

In the wake of the Boston Marathon explosions, police and race directors around the world will face heightened pressure to tighten security at outdoor competitions that draw tens of thousands of spectators.

波士顿马拉松赛(Boston Marathon)爆炸案发生后，全球各地警方和赛事总监都将面临更大的压力，他们必须在吸引了成千上万观众的户外比赛上加强安保工作。

It won't be easy.

这不是一项容易的工作。

'It's a soft target, stretched out across 26 miles. It would be very difficult to secure,' said Jim Reese, a former U.S. Army Delta Force officer whose security firm, TigerSwan, is preparing a security plan for some Brazilian clients ahead of the 2014 soccer World Cup in Rio de Janeiro.

前美国陆军“三角洲部队”(Delta Force)军官里斯(Jim Reese)说，这是一个软目标，延伸达26英里（约合42公里）。保障比赛的安全将很难。在将于2014年在里约热内卢举行的世界杯足球赛前，里斯的安保公司TigerSwan正在为一些巴西客户制定安保方案。

More urgent is the question of security at the London Marathon, which takes place this coming Sunday.

更加迫在眉睫的问题是伦敦马拉松赛(London Marathon)的安保问题。伦敦马拉松赛将于本周日举行。

'A security plan is in place for the London Marathon. We will be reviewing our security arrangements in partnership with London Marathon,' said Metropolitan Police Chief Superintendent Julia Pendry in a statement released on the London Marathon's Twitter account.

伦敦大都会警察局高级警督彭德里(Julia Pendry)在伦敦马拉松赛推特(Twitter)账户中发表的一份声明中说，伦敦马拉松赛的安保方案已制定完成，我们将与伦敦马拉松赛主办方一起评估安保安排。

London has experience handling security at a big sporting event: last year's summer Olympics. The Games were preceded by years of concern that the city, which has faced major terrorist incidents in the past, could be targeted. The Olympics went off with no major security incidents.

伦敦有保障大型体育赛事安全的经验：去年的夏季奥运会。伦敦奥运会之前，很多年人们都担心伦敦可能成为攻击目标，因为过去伦敦曾经历过多起严重恐怖袭击事件。伦敦奥运会顺利落幕，期间未发生任何重大安全事件。

Security at the Boston Marathon is considered tight by marathon standards, involving a heavy police presence that includes bomb-sniffing dogs. After the 2001 terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, D.C., police securing the Boston Marathon posted officers with rifles on top of Hopkinton High School along the marathon route.

按照马拉松赛的标准衡量，波士顿马拉松赛的安保算严格的，有大批警察在场，还动用了搜爆犬。2001年纽约和华盛顿遭到恐怖袭击后，负责波士顿马拉松赛安保工作的警察部门在比赛途经的霍普金顿高中(Hopkinton High School)的楼顶上部署了带着步枪的警察。

But while fans arriving at arenas and stadiums can be─and frequently are─subjected to body and bag scans, the outdoor nature of marathons poses a more-complex problem. Typically, neither spectators nor runners are subjected to security.

但尽管运动场和体育场里的观众在入场时可能并且也常常会接受安检，马拉松赛在室外举行的特点带来了一个更加复杂的问题。通常，观众和选手都不必接受安检。

'When you have a lot of people, and a world stage because of the media coverage, those type of events always lend themselves as attractive targets to a terrorist,' said Don Borelli, a former counterterrorism official with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in New York. Mr. Borelli said marathons have long been considered attractive targets for terrorists.

前美国联邦调查局(Federal Bureau of Investigation)驻纽约反恐官员博雷利(Don Borelli)说，一旦有很多人，并且因为媒体的报道而拥有一个国际舞台时，这类赛事常常会成为吸引恐怖分子的目标。他说，马拉松赛长期以来一直被恐怖分子视为有吸引力的目标。

In Washington, counterterrorism officials said they hadn't seen any prior intelligence suggesting a plot against the Boston Marathon.

在华盛顿，反恐官员说，他们此前没有发现任何情报表明将有针对波士顿马拉松赛的袭击阴谋。

As the unofficial kickoff of the footracing season in the U.S., the Boston Marathon attracts many race directors who will travel home faced with new security concerns. Their conundrum is that finish-line crowds represent a runner reward for finishing 26.2 miles. 'You want people to share the joy and impact of finishing a life-changing event, of having their friends and family there,' said Doug Thurston, director of the Big Sur International Marathon to take place April 28. 'What we face now is a balance between allowing people access to share in such an occasion and keeping people safe.'

作为拉开美国马拉松赛季帷幕的赛事，波士顿马拉松赛吸引了很多赛事总监，他们回家时将面对新的安保担忧。他们面临的困境是，终点线的人群是对跑完了26.2英里赛程的选手的奖励。大瑟尔国际马拉松赛(Big Sur International Marathon)赛事总监瑟斯顿(Doug Thurston)说，你希望人们分享完成一项足以改变一生的活动所带来的喜悦和影响，分享家人朋友在那里的快乐；我们现在面临的问题是允许人们在这样的一个场合分享快乐，同时又要保证人们的安全。大瑟尔国际马拉松赛将于4月28日举行。

About 15,000 people gather near the end of the Big Sur race in Carmel, Calif. Mr. Thurston, in Boston on Monday to watch the race, said he would meet with his security personnel to determine whether any additional measures would be implemented in the Big Sur race.

在加州卡梅尔(Carmel)举行的大瑟尔国际马拉松赛的终点线附近，大约会聚集15,000人。周一在波士顿观看波士顿马拉松赛的瑟斯顿说，他将与安保人员会面，确定是否在大瑟尔国际马拉松赛中将采取任何额外措施。

Race officials for the Army Marathon, to take place this Sunday near Fort Hood Army base in Texas, are also on alert. 'Because of our name, the vigilance level has always been high, but now it needs to go up,' said race director Ed Bandas.

陆军马拉松赛(Army Marathon)的赛事管理人员也警醒起来。比赛将于本周日在得克萨斯州胡德堡陆军基地(Fort Hood Army Base)附近举行。赛事总监班达斯(Ed Bandas)说，由于我们比赛名称的缘故，警戒级别一直很高，但现在需要进一步提高。

Looking ahead, Mr. Reese, the security executive, said he believed security would be imposed on the large crowds that gather near the Central Park finish line of the ING New York City Marathon in November. 'Those people will have to be screened. The race will have to set up a security perimeter in the key places where the crowds are gathered,' he said.

安保公司高管里斯说，他认为11月纽约马拉松赛的安保工作对象将是聚集在中央公园终点线附近的庞大人群。他说，必须对这些人进行安检。比赛必须在人群聚集的重要场所设置一个安全范围。

A statement from Mary Wittenberg, chief executive of the New York Road Runners, which hosts the New York marathon, said, 'The safety and security of all New York Road Runners' races is and will always be our top priority. We will continue to work hand in hand with the City of New York and the NYPD as we plan for upcoming events.'

纽约马拉松赛主办方纽约路跑协会(New York Road Runners)首席执行长威滕伯格(Mary Wittenberg)发表的一份声明说，纽约路跑协会全部赛事的安全和安保是我们的首要任务，也将一直是我们的首要任务；我们在筹划未来赛事时，将继续与纽约市和纽约警察局携手合作。