BBC撒切尔夫人生平讣文: 国家经济危机中的倔强背影

Monetary policies

货币政策

As prime minister, she was determined to repair the country's finances by reducing the role of the state and boosting the free market.

作为首相，撒切尔夫人决心通过弱化国家作用和提升市场自由度来修复国家财政。

Cutting inflation was central to the government's purpose and it soon introduced a radical budget of tax and spending cuts.

当时政府的主要目标是降低通胀，因此，很快就出台了激进的税收预算并缩减开支。

Bills were introduced to curb union militancy, privatise state industries and allow council home owners to buy their houses.

接着，一系列遏制工会争斗、推行国有企业私有化、住房私有化的议案也陆续出台。

Millions of people who previously had little or no stake in the economy found themselves being able to own their houses and buy shares in the former state-owned businesses.

数以百万的人发现，他们不再与国家经济绝缘，他们可以拥有自己的住房，甚至购买国有企业的股份。

New monetary policies made the City of London one of the most vibrant and successful financial centres in the world.

新的货币政策使伦敦一跃成为全世界最具活力和成功的金融中心。

Old-style manufacturing, which critics complained was creating an industrial wasteland, was run down in the quest for a competitive new Britain. Unemployment rose above three million.

旧式制造业饱受诟病，规模逐渐缩减。人们追求建造一个具有竞争力的新英国。与此同时，失业人口超过了三百万。

There was considerable unrest among the so called "wets" on the Conservative back benches and that, coupled with riots in some inner city areas, saw pressure on Margaret Thatcher to modify her policies.

这在保守党后座的所谓“湿派”中引起了不小的骚动。而一些内陆城市爆发的骚乱，也让撒切尔感受到了改变政策的压力。

But the prime minister refused to crumble. She told the 1980 party conference: "To those waiting with bated breath for that favourite media catch phrase, the U-turn, I have only one thing to say. You turn if you want to... the lady's not for turning."

然而，首相拒绝就此妥协。在1980年的保守党会议上，撒切尔说道：“我要对那些正屏气凝神，等待着传媒所讲的‘180度掉头’成真的人说：如果你要掉头便由你，但本小姐绝不掉头。”

Margaret Thatcher, who has died following a stroke, was one of the most influential political figures of the 20th Century.
撒切尔夫人，20世纪最有影响力的政治人物之一，在2013年4月8日，因中风不幸逝世。
Her legacy had a profound effect upon the policies of her successors, both Conservative and Labour, while her radical and sometimes confrontational approach defined her 11-year period at No 10.
她深深影响了她之后的包括保守党和工党在内的历届英国首相。这样一位激进的，有时甚至带有攻击性的“铁娘子”担任了长达11年之久的英国首相。
Her term in office saw thousands of ordinary voters gaining a stake in society, buying their council houses and eagerly snapping up shares in the newly privatised industries such as British Gas and BT.
她在任职期间推动社会改革，成千上万的英国普通选民购买了政府公屋，抢购了诸如英国天然气和英国电信等新近私有化行业的股份。
But her rejection of consensus politics made her a divisive figure and opposition to her policies and her style of government led eventually to rebellion inside her party and unrest on the streets.
但她对舆论政治的排斥使她备受争议，同时她的政策也招致反对。最终她所领导的政党内部反声一片，社会也混乱不堪。