澳经济学家发明幸福计算公式
Marriageis worth £18,000 to men, but just £9,000 to women, according to anAustralian economist who claims he has discovered a formula todetermine the cost of happiness。
澳大利亚一名经济学家日前称他发现了一个幸福计算公式。根据该公式，婚姻对于男性的价值相当于1.8万英镑，对于女性相当于九千英镑。
PaulFrijters, a professor at Queensland University of Technology, hascalculated a formula he claims delivers the monetary equivalent of thevalue of various milestones in life。
昆士兰科技大学的保罗•弗里吉特斯教授计算出了一个据称可用来衡量人生中的里程碑事件的影响所对等的金钱价值的公式。
The figures represent a lump sum a person would need to receive out of the blue in order to make him or her as happy as marriage would over a lifetime。
这些数目代表一个人需要一下子得到这么多金钱才能获得和婚姻给他(她)一生所带来的同等幸福感。
When it comes to divorce, a man would be so devastated it would feel as if he had lost £61,500. A woman would be far less traumatised, feeling as though she had only lost £5,000.
离婚对于男性来说是个毁灭性的打击，会让他们觉得就像损失了6.15万英镑，而对于女性的影响则要小得多，仅相当于损失了五千英镑。
ProfFrijters, who was this year named the best economist aged under 40, hastracked major life events of 10,000 people since 2001.
今年获评四十岁以下杰出经济学家的弗里吉特斯教授从2001年起对一万名受访者的重要人生事件进行了追踪研究。
He said: "These are real people to whom unexpected things happen。
他说：“这些都是真人真事。”
"Theywere not selected because these things would happen and because ofthat, we can accurately compare their happiness before and after."
“我们没有刻意挑选受访者，因为这些事情总会发生，也正因为这一点，我们能精确地比较他们在事发前后的幸福感。”
Australians were asked to describe how satisfied they were with their lives on a scale of 0 to 10.
这些澳大利亚的受访者被要求按照0分至10分对他们的生活满意度进行评级。
Themost common number given was eight - but the answer changed after, andsometimes in anticipation of, major life events and also sudden changesin income。
最普遍的评分为8，但受访者在经历某个人生重要事件之后评分会发生变化，有时在预料会发生某个重要事件或收入发生突然变化时，评分也会有变。
Thatenabled Prof Frijters to put cash values on the effects of happiness ofmajor events such as marriage, divorce and illnesses。
根据该结果，弗里吉特斯教授用金钱衡量了重大人生事件的幸福效应，如结婚、离异和疾病等。
He said: "Losing a loved one has a much bigger effect than gaining a loved one. There's a real asymmetry between life and death。
他说：“失去一个爱人比得到一个新欢所产生的影响大得多，生与死之间确实存在不对等性。”
"This shouldn't surprise us. Human beings seem primed to notice losses more than gains."
“我们不应该感到惊讶。与得到的东西相比，人们总是更在意失去的。”
Thedeath of a partner or child caused a woman £73,000 loss, while to aman, a similar loss was worth more than £350,000, according to thecalculations。
根据该公式计算，伴侣或孩子的逝去对于女性来说相当于损失7.3万英镑，而对于男性来说则相当于损失了35万英镑以上。
Prof Frijters said: "This isn't the value of the life that's lost, that would be much higher of course。
弗里吉特斯教授说：“这不是逝去的生命本身的价值，那当然更高。”
"This is just the effect on the happiness of one person flowing from a death."
“这仅仅是失去某个亲人对于人们幸福感的影响。”
Askedwhy his calculations show men much more affected by life's events thanwomen, the professor could not give a reason, but said: "We know forinstance that marriage improves the lives of men much more than women."
在被问及为什么重大人生事件对于男性的影响大于女性时，弗里吉特斯教授表示无法解释，但他说：“我们知道，结婚对于男性生活的改善大于女性。”
Professor Frijters concluded that money had a greater effect on happiness than previously thought。
弗里吉特斯教授总结称，金钱对幸福感的影响超过预期。
TABLE
重大人生事件的价值：
Marriage woman - £8, 726.25 man - £17, 675.68
结婚：女性/8, 726.25英镑，男性/17, 675.68英镑
Birth of child woman - £ 4, 866.77 man - £18, 236.39
孩子出生：女性/4, 866.77英镑，男性/18, 236.39英镑
Divorce woman - £4, 977.08 (loss) man - £61, 116.46 (loss)
离异：女性/-4, 977.08英镑，男性/-61, 116.46英镑
Death of a loved one woman - £73, 204.86 (loss) man - £350, 830.36 (loss)
亲人去世：女性/-73, 204.86英镑，男性/-350, 830.36英镑
Illness woman - £28, 124.61(loss) man - £201, 264.68 (loss)
生病：女性/-28, 124.61英镑，男性/-201, 264.68英镑
Moving house woman - £1, 453.80 (gain) man - £8, 947.11 (loss)
搬家：女性/-1, 453.80英镑，男性/-8, 947.11英镑
