大连房地产豪宅市场的"巴黎情缘"

In Dalian, a northern Chinese port city on the Yellow Sea, the hottest architectural trend is straight out of 19th-century Paris.

在位于黄海之滨的中国北方港口城市大连，当前最流行的建筑风格直接脱胎于19世纪的巴黎。

Dalian is going through a period romance with Western architecture, driving a Beaux-Arts boom in new residential buildings. Over the past few months, several American architecture firms known for their neoClassical designs have started construction on a variety of projects: from luxury apartments in mixed-use developments to expansive single-family villas. Their wealthy Chinese clients want homes in authentic-looking Beaux-Arts style: 19th-century and early 20th-century Paris-influenced design that features ornate details on large facades. They also are demanding interior designs that are sensitive to their own traditions.

西方建筑风格目前在大连备受追捧，新建住宅项目掀起了一股学院派风格(Beaux-Arts)热潮。在过去几个月里，几家以新古典风格设计见长的美国建筑公司着手展开了一系列项目，其中既有综合开发项目内的豪华公寓，也有面积庞大的独栋别墅。富有的中国客户青睐造型地道的学院派风格：这种设计受19世纪和20世纪初巴黎的建筑风格影响，突出大立面上华丽的装饰细节。这些客户还要求室内设计顾及中国传统。

Dalian, a city with a population of about 5.9 million, has a culturally blended past. Originally under the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial rule, Dalian fell under British, Russian and Japanese rule at different times over the late 19th and early 20th centuries, resulting in a city comprised of a variety of buildings. Western classical architecture denotes sophistication for some Chinese home buyers, developers say.

约有590万人口的大连过去曾是一个多元文化交融的城市。从19世纪末到20世纪初，原属清王朝（中国末代王朝）管辖的大连先后经历了英国、俄罗斯和日本的殖民统治，这一段历史赋予了大连风格各异的建筑。开发商表示，在一些中国购房者眼中，西方古典建筑意味着高雅。

Local developers have sought out American architects as a way to guarantee authenticity. 'There's a lot of neoclassical in China, but it's done by architects who just take an image and design from that,' says James Sun, vice president of Dalian Yifang Group, which is developing a villa community in Wolong Bay near Dalian. 'It would be like asking an American or European to design a Chinese temple.'

当地开发商通过聘用美国建筑师来确保建筑风格的纯正地道。大连一方集团(Dalian Yifang Group)副总裁孙舰表示：“中国新古典主义风格建筑很多，但它们都是建筑师照葫芦画瓢设计出来的。这就像叫美国人或欧洲人来设计中国寺庙一样。”一方集团目前正在大连附近的卧龙湾开发一个别墅区。

Robert A.M. Stern Architects of New York, known for luxury buildings such as Manhattan's 15 Central Park West, is designing Dalian AVIC International Square, a mixed-use development in neoclassical style. It will cover four city blocks with a total of 1,600 homes. The first phase, set to be completed this year, will include apartments with one, two and three bedrooms, from as small as 323 square feet to 1,830 square feet. Prices will range from 700,000 yuan, or $114,000, to 4 million yuan, or $652,000.

以设计曼哈顿中央公园西15号(15 Central Park West)等豪华建筑而著称的纽约罗伯特・斯特恩建筑师事务所(Robert A.M. Stern Architects)正在设计大连中航国际广场(Dalian AVIC International Square)，这是一个新古典风格的综合开发项目。该项目将覆盖四个街区，共包括1,600套住宅。一期工程定于今年完工，将推出一卧、两卧和三卧公寓，面积从323平方英尺（约合30平方米）到1,830平方英尺（约合170平方米）不等，价格将在人民币70万元至400万元之间。

Peter Pennoyer, a New York City-based architect, is creating duplexes and townhouses for the Xiao Yao (pronounced She-ow yow) Bay residential community of 900 homes. The complex, which also will offer a clubhouse and other amenities, is about 30 minutes outside of Dalian. The first phase--60 homes--will begin selling in May, with prices starting at about $782,000. Made of concrete with limestone and brick veneers, the three-level, 3,000-square-foot homes will include a garage, an entertainment room, maid's quarters, living rooms, two kitchens and three bedrooms.

纽约建筑师彼得・彭诺耶(Peter Pennoyer)正在为小窑湾一个有900套住宅的小区设计复式住宅和联排别墅。这个距大连约30分钟车程的小区还将配备会所和其他配套设施。一期项目（包括60套住宅）从5月份开始售房，起价约为782,000美元（约合人民币488万元）起。这些面积3,000平方英尺（约合279平方米）的三层混凝土住宅有石灰石和砖镶面，带一个车库和一间活动室、数间保姆房和起居室以及两个厨房和三个卧室。

On a smaller scale, San Francisco-based architect Andrew Skurman is designing two, 15,000-square-foot homes, one in the Georgian style and one French Classical, each with stone cladding, five to six bedrooms and bathrooms, a wine cellar, an exercise room and an indoor pool. The homes, which haven't been priced and will be sold upon completion, will be located in the St. America development of about a dozen custom homes that overlook Dalian's rocky coastline.

还有一些规模比较小的项目。旧金山建筑师安德鲁・斯库尔曼(Andrew Skurman)正在设计两座面积15,000平方英尺（约合1,394平方米）的住宅，一座是乔治亚风格(Georgian)，另一座为法式古典风格(French Classical)，每座房子都带有石材覆层，有五到六个卧室和卫生间，一个酒窖，一间健身房和一个室内游泳池。这两座房子位于一个名为St. America的开发项目内，目前尚未定价，将在建成后出售。St. America有十几幢为客户量身打造的住宅，可俯瞰大连峭石嶙峋的海岸线风光。

On the southwest edge of the city, Aric Lasher of HBRA Architects in Chicago, is designing a community called French 1710. The first phase will have 37 connected townhouses and four single-family homes, ranging from 4,800 square feet to 6,900 square feet. Two future phases are planned, for a total of 265 homes.

芝加哥建筑事务所HBRA Architects的阿里克・拉舍(Aric Lasher)正在大连西南边设计一个名为French 1710的小区。第一期工程将包括37幢联排别墅和四幢独栋别墅，面积在4,800平方英尺（约合446平方米）到6,900平方英尺（约合641平方米）之间。未来还有两期工程，总共计划建265套住宅。

To make the designs more historically accurate, Mr. Lasher drew inspiration from historic 17th- and 18th-century French buildings, giving the homes for French 1710 carved stone details such as niches, balconies, and keystones, along with slate roofs. The first phase is set to be completed in 2015. Each will have an estimated sales price of $653,000 to $1.3 million.

为使设计的历史细节更精确，拉舍从17世纪和18世纪的法国历史建筑中吸取灵感，在French 1710的住宅中运用了壁龛、阳台、拱心石和石板屋顶等石雕细节。一期工程定于2015年完工。估计每幢住宅售价在653,000美元（约合人民币407万元）至130万美元（约合人民币810万元）之间。

Mr. Lasher says some early design sketches he saw from the client were 'extremely unregulated and unintentionally eclectic'--a problem that had to be addressed, as they lacked the proper composition and proportion for authentic style.

拉舍表示，他在客户那儿看到的一些设计初稿“毫无章法，而且无意中弄成了大杂烩”――这是个必须要解决的问题，因为它们的构图和比例不当，与正宗学院派风格不符。

The luxury market in Dalian has been heating up, with growth of the local economy and urbanization driving demand. It now makes up about 30% of the residential market. On average, Dalian's residential home prices climbed 8% in 2013 to $176 per square foot, according to DTZ, an international property consultancy. That figure is nearly double what it was in 2009.

由于当地经济发展和城市化拉动了需求，大连的豪宅市场正在升温。豪华住宅目前在大连住宅市场中所占比例达到30%左右。跨国房地产咨询公司戴德梁行(DTZ)的数据显示，2013年大连住宅价格平均上涨了8%，达到每平方英尺176美元（约合每平方米人民币1,1820元），接近2009年的两倍。

Also driving demand for high-end properties is the fact that about 30,400 of China's millionaires live in Liaoning province, in which Dalian is a major city, according to the Hurun Research Institute, which tracks China's wealthy individuals.

追踪中国富有人群的研究机构胡润研究院(Hurun Research Institute)的数据显示，中国目前有约30,400名富豪居住在辽宁省（大连是辽宁省的一个主要城市），这也是推动大连高端房地产市场需求的一项因素。

For luxury buyers, low-rise dwellings remind them of traditional neighborhoods where the modern middle class no longer wants to live. Beaux-Arts architecture is a good fit for larger buildings.

低层住宅会让豪宅买家联想到传统社区（现代中产阶级已不想居住在这些社区）。而比较大的住宅很适合采用学院派建筑风格。

The local appetite for Beaux-Arts architecture 'may be even exaggerated because they were starved of it' in the Cultural Revolution and to the end of the 20th century, says Paul Whalen, one of the architects of Robert A.M. Stern's project.

罗伯特・斯特恩项目的建筑师之一保罗・惠伦(Paul Whalen)表示，在文化大革命期间和20世纪末，大连的学院派建筑难得一见，“这可能放大了当地人对这种建筑的偏好”。

The lack of land in Dalian, as in most of China, is also an issue. Even pricey homes are often in high-density areas, proving challenging for design.

和中国大部分地区一样，大连也面临土地稀缺问题。即使是价格高昂的住宅通常也是建在人口高密度区域，从而为建筑设计带来了挑战。

Cultural differences add to the challenges. Many Chinese prefer living rooms and master bedrooms to face south because they are considered the most important rooms and should get the best sun during the winter. Bedroom windows have to be strategically placed, as Chinese buyers who adhere to the feng shui sense of balance don't like beds to either face or be placed against windows. Also, the end of each hallway must have a focal point for, say, a piece of artwork or a fountain.

文化的差异令挑战进一步加剧。许多中国人喜欢让起居室和主卧朝南，因为中国人认为它们是最重要的居室，冬季应该有最好的光照。卧室窗户的位置很有讲究，因为讲风水的中国买家不喜欢床对着窗户或者紧靠窗户。此外，每个门厅的尽头必须要有一个放艺术品或设置喷泉的焦点位置。

All of the architects had to design two kitchens for each home: a Western kitchen with sleek countertops and stovetops for light cooking and entertaining, and a 'hot' or Chinese kitchen, for deep-frying and butchering meat.

所有建筑师都必须为住宅设计两个厨房：一个是带有光滑台面和灶面的西式厨房，可供烹制清淡的菜肴和待客，另外还有一间“热菜”厨房，也就是中式厨房，用于煎炸烹炒和斩切肉类。

In most of the projects, local architects take over once the initial designs are completed because structural and mechanical building standards vary. Some plans can be misread or details can be literally lost in translation. 'We work through an interpreter,' Mr. Skurman of San Francisco says, 'so I never have had a real conversation with the principal of the development company.'

多数项目都是最初的设计一完成就由本地建筑师接手，因为中国的建筑结构和机械标准与西方不同。一些方案可能会被误读，细节也会在翻译中遗漏。旧金山的建筑师斯库尔曼说：“我们是通过一名口译来做项目的，我从来没有和开发公司的负责人真正交谈过。”

Still, the Dalian projects are an architect's dream: Budgets are malleable and developers want the best in materials. The local developers also are open to suggestions and see their projects as an investment in bringing the country into the 21st century. Their goals, Mr. Pennoyer says, go beyond 'simply building and turning a profit.'

不过，大连的项目仍然是建筑师的梦想之选：预算可以扩大，开发商想用最好的材料。当地开发商也乐于听取建议，并将他们的项目视为引领中国走进21世纪的投资。彭诺耶说，“在建房和赚钱”之外，他们还有更高远的目标。