新报告吁尼泊尔停止侵犯流亡藏人权利

home to tens of thousands of exiled Tibetans--is putting ever-tighter restrictions on their basic rights, according to a new report that points a finger of blame at China.

新发表的一份报告指出，尼泊尔正在对居住在该国的西藏流亡人士施加比以往更加严格的限制措施，该报告称，此事背后有中国的影子。目前有数万名西藏流亡人士居住在尼泊尔。

Tibetans in Nepal 'face excessive use of force by police, preventive detention, torture and ill-treatment when detained,' according to a Human Rights Watch report released Tuesday. They also face 'intrusive surveillance and arbitrary application of vaguely formulated and overly broad definitions of security offenses,' the New York-based advocacy group said.

人权观察(Human Rights Watch)周二发表的一份报告指出，在尼泊尔的西藏人面临着警方的压力，包括过度使用警力、预防性羁押、羁押期间的刑讯和虐待等。这家总部位于纽约的组织还说，他们面临的情况还包括，警方会对他们进行侵犯性监视，以及随意使用语焉不详、界定过于宽泛的治安条例。

Human Rights Watch urged Nepal's government to protect the rights of its Tibetan residents including their freedom of expression and assembly. It also urged China not to pressure Nepal to take actions 'that are in contradiction with international human rights and refugee law.'

人权观察敦促尼泊尔政府保护居住在该国的西藏人士的权利，包括表达自由和集会自由的权利。该组织还敦促中国不要向尼泊尔施压，要求尼泊尔采取某些与国际人权法和难民法相悖的措施。

Nepal and Tibet share a mountainous border. Since the Dalai Lama fled to India from Tibet in 1959, several thousand Tibetans have settled in Nepal, for the most part mixing peacefully with the country's Buddhist and Hindu communities.

尼泊尔和西藏接壤。自从达赖喇嘛1959年从西藏逃到印度之后，成千上万名西藏人在尼泊尔定居，大部分人与该国的佛教人群和印度教人群和平杂处。

China, which provides significant financial and development aid to Nepal, has pressed the Nepalese government to rein in anti-China activities on its soil. The Chinese pressure has grown since a 2008 uprising in Tibet that China says was orchestrated by the Dalai Lama and the Tibetans in exile. The Dalai Lama has dismissed the allegations that he advocated violence.

中国大量向尼泊尔提供金融援助和发展援助。中国曾向尼泊尔政府施压，要求其控制在尼泊尔国土上进行的反华活动。自从2008年西藏发生骚乱以来，中国向尼泊尔施压的力度与日俱增。中国说当年的骚乱是达赖喇嘛和西藏流亡人士组织的，而达赖喇嘛多次驳斥了有关他主张暴力的指控。

The population of exiled Tibetans in Nepal is estimated at about 15,000 to 20,000. Most revere the Dalai Lama as their spiritual leader. They occasionally organize rallies and demonstrations to protest what they see as China's occupation of their homeland of Tibet--giving rise to clashes with Nepali security forces. Tibetans in Nepal also face restrictions on their freedom of movement and access to jobs.

据估计，居住在尼泊尔的西藏流亡人士约有1.5万到两万人，他们大多数人都把达赖喇嘛尊为精神领袖。他们偶尔会组织集会和游行活动，对他们所称的中国占领了自己的故乡西藏的做法表达抗议，这会引发与尼泊尔安全部队的冲突。在尼泊尔的西藏人士也面临着行动自由和就业方面的限制。

China's security concerns over Tibetan activities in Nepal has grounding in early Tibetan resistance against its occupation of Tibet in early 1950s. In late 1950s, scores of Tibetans, including monks, took up guerrilla warfare against the Chinese army. They were trained by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency but facing crushing defeat, they retreated to mountain hideout in Mustang region of Nepal in 1960. The resistance eventually died but the escape that Nepal's Himalayan frontiers provided to the Tibetan rebels underscored geopolitical importance for Chinese rulers to scrutinize Tibetan activities in Nepal.

中国对尼泊尔藏人活动的警惕始源于上世纪50年代初期，当时中国军队占领西藏激起了西藏人的反抗。50年代末期，包括僧侣在内的大量藏人与中国军队展开游击战。他们虽受过美国中央情报局(U.S. Central Intelligence Agency)的训练，却仍遭残败，在1960年撤退进尼泊尔木斯塘的山区中藏身。反抗虽最终平息，然而尼泊尔的喜马拉雅边境为西藏叛军提供的蔽护，凸显出中国政府紧密关注尼泊尔藏人活动的重要地缘政治意义。

Nepal's relations with Tibet perhaps goes back to antiquity. A Nepali princess famous in local folklore as Bhrikuti is said to have introduced Buddhism to Tibet in the seventh century. The trade between the two political territories flourished through the trans-Himalayan routes in the medieval age. Many mountain-dwelling communities in Nepal, including the Sherpas, trace their lineage to Tibet. One of the still popular Nepali women's proverbs invokes the importance that trade with Lhasa, administrative capital of Tibet, once held in the people's lives in Nepal. 'There is gold in Lhasa [but] my ears are bare,' the proverb says.

尼泊尔与西藏的关系或可追溯回古代。据称在公元七世纪时，尼泊尔的尺尊公主(Bhrkuti)将佛教传入西藏。中世纪时，两地通过跨喜马拉雅路线建立起繁荣的贸易往来。尼泊尔许多居住于山中的族群（包括夏尔巴人）的祖先都可追溯回西藏。如今尼泊尔妇女间仍盛传一句谚语：拉萨有黄金，吾耳却裸露。这句话体现着尼泊尔与西藏行政首府拉萨进行贸易的重要性。

Today Nepal's political establishment sees Tibet in context of China's growing economic and military might. An official joint statement between China and Nepal during Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao's Nepal visit in January 2012 elucidated this new geopolitical reality.

如今，尼泊尔与西藏的政治关系建立在中国经济及军事力量不断增强的背景之下。2012年1月时任中国总理的温家宝到访尼泊尔，中尼两国当时发表的联合声明便凸显出这一新的地缘政治形势。

'The Nepalese side reiterated that there is only one China in the world, and the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the whole of China,' the statement said. 'Both Taiwan and Tibet are integral parts of the Chinese territory. The Nepalese side firmly supports the efforts made by the Chinese side to uphold state sovereignty, national unity and territorial integrity, and does not allow any forces to use Nepalese territory for any anti-China or separatist activities.'

声明称：“尼方重申，世界上只有一个中国，中华人民共和国政府是代表全中国的唯一合法政府，台湾和西藏是中国领土不可分割的一部分。尼方坚定支持中方为维护国家主权、统一和领土完整所作的努力，不允许任何势力利用尼领土从事任何反华分裂活动。”

'The Chinese side highly appreciated the position of the Nepalese side,' the statement further said.

声明还称：“中方高度赞扬尼方立场。”