中国在缅甸投资规模急剧下降

Chinese investment in Myanmar has fallen sharply over the past year amid strained relations, even as interest from other foreign investors in the Southeast Asian has surged.

过去一年，中缅关系紧张，中国对缅甸的投资急剧下降，而其他外国投资者对这个东南亚国家的兴趣则陡然浓厚起来。

The drop comes as China is wrapping up construction of its last large-scale investment project in Myanmar: the construction of two pipelines that this year will transport oil and natural gas from the Bay of Bengal through Myanmar into southern China.

中国对缅甸投资减少正赶上中国在缅甸最后一个大型投资项目竣工之际。这个项目建成后，两条管道今年将把石油和天然气从孟加拉湾(Bay of Bengal)经由缅甸输送至中国南部地区。

China was Myanmar's closest political and trading partner for several decades before 2011, when Myanmar─hit by sanctions from the West because of Myanmar's authoritarian policies─began a series of political and economic overhauls.

在2011年以前的几十年时间里，中国一直是缅甸最亲密的政治和贸易伙伴。2011年，因独裁政策受到西方制裁的缅甸开始了一系列政治和经济改革。

Now, as Myanmar increasingly looks to the West, popular sentiment has been turning against China and its historically close ties with the former military junta. Influential Myanmar human-rights group 88 Generation last month called for China to renegotiate its investment contracts. The group said the contracts were made in opaque deals with the former Myanmar regime.

如今，缅甸越来越崇尚西方，民众转而反对中国以及中国与缅甸前军政府的密切关系。颇有影响力的缅甸人权组织88世代学生组织(88 Generation)上月呼吁中国就其缅甸投资合同展开重新谈判。该组织说，合同与缅甸前政权签订，属不透明交易。

The objections─along with protests against Chinese projects, often for environmental reasons─are signs of growing concern in Myanmar over its neighbor's rising economic, military and political influence.

除上述针对中国的反对意见外，缅甸还发生过反对中国项目的抗议活动（常以环保为由）。这些均显示出，缅甸对邻邦中国日益增强的经济、军事和政治影响力越来越感到担心。

In the most significant recent blow to relations between the two countries, Myanmar President Thein Sein stopped a Chinese-backed $3.7 billion hydropower dam project in 2011 in response to local opposition. The project would have supplied electricity to China.

2011年，因为当地人士的反对，缅甸总统吴登盛(Thein Sein)叫停了中方支持的耗资37亿美元修建一座水电大坝的项目，这是较近一段时间内对两国关系打击最大的一起事件。该项目本可为中国提供电力。

Protests in November led to the temporary suspension of a Chinese-backed copper-mine project. Talks on a multibillion-dollar railway linking Myanmar's west coast with Kunming in southern China also have been put on hold.

去年11月的抗议活动导致中国支持的一个铜矿项目被暂时搁置。此外，中缅双方曾计划斥资数十亿美元修建一条连接缅甸西部沿海与中国南部城市昆明的铁路，但相关谈判也已搁置。

Last week, state-run China Mobile Ltd. -2.25% said it had pulled out of bidding for telecommunications licenses in Myanmar in a consortium with the U.K.'s Vodafone Group +1.83% PLC, saying the opportunity didn't 'meet the internal investment criteria.'

上周，中国国营企业中国移动(China Mobile Ltd.)说，已经放弃和英国巨头沃达丰(Vodafone Group)联手竞标缅甸电信牌照，理由是这一机会不满足内部投资标准。

Myanmar reported that Chinese companies invested $407 million in the country in the fiscal year through March 31, down from $4.35 billion and $8.27 billion in the previous two years, respectively. Chinese investors accounted for 29% of Myanmar's total foreign investment during the period.

缅甸报告说，中国企业在截至3月31日的这一财年中对缅甸的投资为4.07亿美元，而相比之下，此前两年分别为43.5亿美元和82.7亿美元。在这一期间内，中国投资者占缅甸外商投资总量的29%。

The anti-Chinese protests and escalating violence between ethnic separatist rebels and government troops in northeastern Myanmar near the Chinese border have become a concern for Beijing, said Zhao Hong, a Chinese professor who is a visiting research fellow at the National University of Singapore.

新加坡国立大学(National University of Singapore)的访问学者、中国教授赵洪（音）说，反华抗议以及民族分裂主义反对派和政府军之间在缅甸东北部（靠近中国边境）不断升级的暴力已经令北京感到担忧。

Two Myanmar nationals working as subcontractors for China National Petroleum Corp. on the oil and gas pipelines were killed last month after rebels opened fire at a compound near the Chinese border.

中国石油天然气集团公司(China National Petroleum Corp.)油气管道项目的两名缅甸分包商上个月被杀，之前叛乱者朝靠近中国边境的一处设施开火。

'The Chinese government has warned its companies to be more cautious about investing in Myanmar. They have become more unsure about the future of the country,' Mr. Hong said. Uncertainty over the political reforms and the tensions have had a chilling effect on Chinese investment in Myanmar, he said. 'Only state-owned companies dare to go, and even they won't put money into big projects now.'

赵洪说，中国政府已经警告其公司投资缅甸时要更加谨慎。他们对于该国的未来愈加不确定。他说，关于政治改革和紧张形势的不确定性使得中国对缅甸的投资出现降温。他说，只有国有企业敢于去那里投资，而且就连这样的企业现在也不敢将资金投入大型项目。

The drop in Chinese investment caused total foreign investment in Myanmar to fall to $1.42 billion in past fiscal year from $4.64 billion and $20 billion in the two previous years, according to the government.

缅甸政府的数据显示，中国投资额的下降导致缅甸上一财年的外国投资总额下降到14.2亿美元，此前两年分别为46.4亿美元和200亿美元。

Most of the overall foreign investment in the country in the past year was in manufacturing, power generation, oil and gas projects, and the hotel-and-tourism sector.

过去一年在缅甸的外国投资大多是在制造、发电、油气项目以及酒店和旅游业方面。

Still, China remains Myanmar's largest trading partner. Myanmar imported $175 million of Chinese goods in March─mainly machinery, base metals and transportation equipment─making up nearly a third of total imports for the month.

然而中国仍然是缅甸最大的贸易伙伴。今年3月，缅甸进口了价值1.75亿美元的中国商品，主要是机械设备、贱金属和运输装备，占当月进口总额近三分之一。