中英双语话史记 第114期:元朝概况

Yuan Dynasty

元朝

General

概况

The Yuan Dynasty (1271—1368) ended to the 370-year divisive period following the downfall of the Tang Dynasty and again unified the whole country,

元朝（1271——1368）结束了自唐朝灭亡开始长达380年的分裂时期并再次统一了整个国家，

paving the way for a lasting unification through the Ming-Qing period.

它为明朝长期持久的统一作出了贡献。

The Yuan regime can be roughly divided into three periods: the early, middle and late periods.

元政权大致可以被分为三个阶段：早期、中期和晚期。

The early period began from the reign of Kublai Khan, Yuan Emperor Shizu, until 1294.

早期自“元世祖”忽必烈执政开始，至1294年结束。

During this period rulers adopted laws from the Han nationality and set up political, economic and cultural systems that promoted social development.

在这段时期内，统治者采取了汉人的法令并建立了促进社会发展的政治、经济和文化体系。

The middle years (1307 to 1323) marked a period of decline.

中期（1307——1323）是一段衰落的时期。

During this period, social conflicts and the competition for imperial power became intensified and included continuous uprisings all around the country.

在这段时期内，社会矛盾与对于王权的斗争不断激化，全国范围内还不断兴起起义运动。

The New Deal carried out by Emperor Yingzong was like a flash in the pan, but it could not save the Yuan Dynasty from declining.

元英宗推行的新政就如昙花一现，无法将元朝从衰亡中拯救出来。

Finally, the New Deal failed and Emperor Yingzong died an unnatural death.

最终，新政失败了，元英宗也被人谋杀。

From 1329 in the late-Yuan period, peasant uprisings accelerated the decline of the regime.

从1329年元朝晚期开始，农民起义加速了王朝的覆灭。

Zhu Yuanzhang joined a peasant force and later took command to defeat other forces and rebuild the dynasty of the Han nationality,namely the Ming Dynasty.

朱元璋加入了农民军，之后又接过指挥权对抗其他军事力量，最终重建了汉人掌权的朝代——明朝。