中英双语话史记 第110期:金迁都开封

Jin Dynasty

金朝

Kaifeng as the Jin Capital

迁都开封

In 1153, Jin Emperor Wanyan Liang (完颜亮）moved the empire’s capital from Huining Fu in northern Manchuria (south of present-day Harbin) to Zhongdu (now Beijing).

1153年，金朝皇帝完颜亮将都城从北方满洲的会宁府（今哈尔滨）迁到了中都（今北京）。

Four years later in 1157, he razed Beijing, including the nobles’ residences,

四年后，他将北京夷为平地，包括贵族的住宅，

and moved the Jurchen “southern” capital from Beijing to Kaifeng, former seat of the Song Dynasty,

然后将“南”都城迁至宋朝的旧都开封，

and began to reconstruct it (since its sack in 1127).

并开始了对其的重建（从金朝掠夺的1127始）。

Emperor Wanyan Liang attacked the Southern Song in 1161.

完颜亮在1161年攻打了南宋。

Meanwhile, two simultaneous rebellions of Jurchen nobles, led by soon-to-be crowned Jin Emperor Wanyan Yong (完颜雍），

期间，由之后继位的完颜雍领导女真贵族进行的叛乱以及满洲地区契丹族人的暴乱同时发生，

and Khitan tribesman erupted in Manchuria, forcing the Jin Dynasty to withdraw its troops from southern China to quell the uprisings.

这使得金朝不得不将它的军队从中国南方撤回以镇压这些反叛。

The Jin navy was wiped out by a smaller Song fleet because of their use of gunpowder, the first recorded use in military history.

金朝的海军因为火药被宋朝的小舰队击败，这也是火药在历史记录中首次被用于作战。

Emperor Wanyan Liang failed in taking the Song and was assassinated by his own generals in December of 1161.

完颜亮没能打败宋朝，在1161年的12月被他自己的将军刺杀。

His son and heir was also assassinated in Kaifeng.

他的儿子和继位者也在开封被刺杀。

Although crowned in October, Emperor Wanyan Yong was not officially recognized as the 5th successive Jin Emperor until the murder of Wanyan Liang's heir.

尽管完颜雍在10年几位，但他直到杀死完颜亮的继承者后才被官方承认是金朝的第五任皇帝。