悲剧的诞生The Birth Of Tragedy 第13期:酒神文化

The effects of the Dionysian spirit struck the Apollinian Greeks as titanic and barbaric; yet they could not disguise from themselves the fact that they were essentially akin to chose deposed Titans and heroes.

同样，在梦神式希腊人看来，酒神文化的影响就似乎是铁旦的和野蛮的了，但同时他却不能不承认自己在心灵深处与那些倾覆了的铁旦神统和英雄们息息相通。

They felt more than that: their whole existence, with its temperate beauty, rested upon a base of suffering and knowledge which had been hidden from them until the reinstatement of Dionysus uncovered it once more.

不仅如此，他也觉得他的一切生活，尽管是美丽的、适度的，毕竟建筑在痛苦与知识之根基上，而酒神文化却对他揭露了这根基。

And lo and behold! Apollo found it impossible to live without Dionysus.

试看，梦神就不能离开酒神而生存！

The elements of titanism and barbarism fumed out to be quite as fundamental as the Apollinian element.

那么，铁旦的和野蛮的教化之重要性，就不下于梦神的教化了。

And now let us imagine how the ecstatic sounds of the Dionysian rites penetrated ever more enticingly into that artificially restrained and discreet world of illusion, how this clamor expressed the whole outrageous gamut of nature--delight, grief, knowledge--even to the most piercing cry;

现在，试想这个以假象和适度为基础，以艺术为堤防的境界，酒神祭佳节的消魂荡魄的狂欢之声侵入这境界了，在这些歌声中，我们听到一切率性而行的大喜、大悲、大智、大慧、甚至镂心刻骨的呼啸；

and then let us imagine how the Apollinian artist with his thin, monotonous harp music must have sounded beside the demoniac chant of the multitude!

那么，我们试问：颂歌诗神阿波罗的幽灵似的琴音，同这恶魔似的民歌相比，还有甚么意义呢！

The muses presiding over the illusory arts paled before an art which enthusiastically told the truth, and the wisdom of Silenus cried "Woe!" against the serene Olympians.

在这种在陶醉中说出真理的艺术面前，假象之艺术的女神暗然失色！西列诺斯的智慧，对着这位静穆的奥林匹斯梦神高呼：“哀哉！ 哀哉！”

The individual, with his limits and moderations, forgot himself in the Dionysian vortex and became oblivious to the laws of Apollo.

此时，安分守己的个人便陷入陶然忘我之境，顿然忘掉梦神的清规戒律了。

Indiscreet extravagance revealed itself as truth, and contradiction, a delight born of pain, spoke out of the bosom of nature.

过份变成真理，物极必反，悲中生乐，这是发乎性灵心中的呼吁。

Wherever the Dionysian voice was heard, the Apollinian norm seemed suspended or destroyed.

所以，每当酒神文化入侵之时，梦神文化就被扬弃，被消灭。

Yet it is equally true that, in those places where the first assault was withstood, the prestige and majesty of the Delphic god appeared more rigid and threatening than before.

然而，反过来也是如此。每当酒神的进攻受到挫败，梦神的威严就显得空前地盛气凌人。

The only way I am able to view Doric art and the Doric state is as a perpetual military encampment of the Apollinian forces.

因此，以我看，我只能把多里斯境界和多里斯艺术理解为梦神文化的惨淡经营的堡垒。

An art so defiantly austere, so ringed about with fortifications--an education so military and exacting--a polity so ruthlessly cruel--could endure only in a continual state of resistance against the titanic and barbaric menace of Dionysus.

因为，如此顽强、冷漠、警卫森严的艺术，如此严格尚武的训练，如此冷酷无情的政治制度，唯有不断反抗酒神文化的原始野性，才能维持长久。