词汇精选：excess的用法和辨析
一、详细释义：
adj.
英[ˈɛksɛs]；美[ˈɛkˌsɛs]
过量的；额外的；附加的
例句：
You'd better have the excess luggage checked.
多余的行李最好托运。
例句：
The fat boy went on a diet to get rid of his excess weight.
这个胖男孩节制饮食以减轻过量的体重。
n.
英[ɪkˈsɛs]；美[ɛkˈsɛs]
超越，超过 [U]
例句：
Last year's profits were in excess of one billion dollars.
去年的利润超过了十亿美元。
例句：
Our school has a student number in excess of 800.
我们学校的学生数超过八百人。
超额量 [U]
例句：
There's no excess to pay.
不需要付超重费。
过量，过剩 [U]
例句：
An excess of rain caused severe floods.
雨水过量造成了严重的水灾。
（饮食等的）过度，无节制 [U,C]
例句：
An excess of fat in one's diet can lead to heart disease.
食物中脂肪过多会导致心脏病。
例句：
His excesses shortened his life.
饮食无度使他折寿。
过分的行为；暴行
例句：
His excesses at parties are well known.
尽人皆知他在聚会上的过分行为。
例句：
The excesses committed by the invaders will never be forgotten.
人们永远不会忘记侵略军犯下的暴行。
二、词义辨析：
excess,surplus
这两上名词都有“过剩”或“过量”之意。excess指超过了限度、标准或界线。surplus通常指数量或量的过剩。
三、参考例句：
Luggage in excess of 20kg is taxed.
行李超过20公斤要付费。
The excess liquidity has been causing inflation.
流动性过剩造成了通货膨胀。
She has an excess of anger.
她爱过度地生气。
There's no excess to pay.
不需要付超重费。
An excess of rain caused severe floods.
雨水过量造成了严重的水灾。
After cooking the fish, pour off any excess fat.
烹调完鱼后，倒掉多余的油。
He always spends in excess of his income.
他总是入不敷出。
The rate for excess baggage is $9 per kilogram.
超重行李费是每公斤 9 美元。
He struggled to vanquish an excess of violent emotion.
他在努力平息过于强烈的感情波动。
Eating a big meal may cause excess stomach acid production.
吃大餐可能导致胃酸过量。
