词汇精选：heave的用法和辨析大纲
一、详细释义：
n.
举起；投掷
例句：
He gave the discus a tremendous heave.
他猛一使劲掷出铁饼。
例句：
They gave a great heave and rolled the rock out of the way.
他们用力推，把大石头从路上滚到旁边。
起伏；波动；隆起
例句：
Based on the ideal of stochastic medium, the ground ridging induced by frost heave submits to normal distribution.
根据随机介质的思想，土体冻胀引起的地表隆起近似为正态分布。
呕吐
例句：
The way Michael fawns on the boss makes heave.
迈克讨好老板的样子真叫我恶心。
v.
举起；投掷 [I,T]
例句：
It took five strong men to heave it up a ramp and lower it into place.
用了5个壮汉把它拉上斜坡并向下放置到位。
例句：
The searing wind shrieks behind him, and mounting offshore swells heave him along.
凛冽的风在他身后狂啸，汹涌巨浪把他向前抛送。
（使）起伏 [I,T]
例句：
His chest heaved, and he took a deep breath.
他的胸膛上下起伏，然后他深深地吸了一口气。
例句：
As the wind increased, the deck of the ship began to heave beneath his feet.
风更加猛烈了，他脚下的甲板开始摇晃起伏。
喘息；叹息 [I,T]
例句：
The thought of it makes me heave.
一想到那事我就恶心。
例句：
I bury my face in my hands and heave a sigh.
我掩着面叹息。
恶心；呕吐 [I,T]
例句：
The thought of it makes me heave.
一想到那事我就恶心。
例句：
A performance like that makes me want to heave up.
像那样的表演简直令我作呕。
二、词义辨析：
lift,hoist,raise,elevate,heave,boost
这些动词均有“升起，举起”之意。lift指用人力或机械力把某物升到较高的位置。hoist多指用绳索、滑轮等机械把重物升起。raise较正式用词，常可与lift换用，但强调把某物举起或抬起到应有的高度。常用比喻。elevate较正式用词，指位置、高度的升高，多作比喻用，指职位、品德等的提高。heave指需花大力气或借外力才能举起或抬起重物。boost原义指从后面或下面推起或提高，现常用于指提高价格、振作精神等抽象概念。
三、词义辨析：
throw,cast,fling,heave,hurl,pitch,toss
这些动词均有“抛、投、掷”之意。throw普通用词，使用广泛，仅指用力抛掷，不涉及动作方式或感情色彩。cast常可与throw互换，指迅速扔出一个重量较轻的物体。fling指用力投掷，或因感情激动而粗暴地或漫无目的地扔东西。 heave指把重物举起后扔出。hurl通常指用力投掷，动作迅猛，所投掷的距离也较远。pitch指随意地、轻轻地掷或扔，侧重方向性和有明确的目标。toss指无什么目的地、轻轻地、随意地掷或扔，所扔掷的东西一般都比较轻。
四、相关短语：
heave up
起锚;呕吐;隆起,起伏
frost heave
冻胀，冰冻隆胀
一、参考例句：
Heave ho, my hearties!
伙伴们，用力呀！
A performance like that makes me want to heave up.
像那样的表演简直令我作呕。
I managed to heave the trunk down the stairs.
我用力把箱子弄下楼梯。
I heave a sigh, my head buried in my hands.
我掩着面叹息。
Tumbling like the waves of the ocean, the banks of clouds heave and roll.
层层白云如同汪洋大海的波浪，波涛起伏。
It took five strong men to heave it up a ramp and lower it into place.
用了5个壮汉把它拉上斜坡并向下放置到位。
I bury my face in my hands and heave a sigh.
我掩着面叹息。
They heave at the heavy box, but can not lift it.
他们想搬动那只很重的箱子，但抬不起来。
As the wind increased, the deck of the ship began to heave beneath his feet.
风更加猛烈了，他脚下的甲板开始摇晃起伏。
The searing wind shrieks behind him, and mounting offshore swells heave him along.
凛冽的风在他身后狂啸，汹涌巨浪把他向前抛送。
